(2013·高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，C)Given that many people’s moods (情緒)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate，it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory，Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea，that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green ”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series－with Sichuan pepper，red bean (豆)，cheese and other flavors－also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，among others.
小題1:What is good about chocolate?
A．It serves as a suitable gift.
B．It works as an effective medicine.
C．It helps improve the state of mind.
D．It strengthens business relations.
小題2:Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?
A．He knows the importance of research.
B．He learns from shops of similar types.
C．He has the support of many big names
D．He has a lot of marketing experience.
小題3:Which line of the CRF produce sells best?
A．The Connoisseur Series.
B．The Exotic Series.
C．The Alcohol Series.
D．The Sichuan Series.
小題4:The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who________.
A．a(chǎn)re particular about chocolate
B．know little about cocoa beans
C．look down upon others
D．like to try new flavors

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:A
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。巧克力可以調(diào)節(jié)人的情緒，現(xiàn)在新加坡的CRF正在幫你生產(chǎn)出令你滿意的巧克力。那么，它有哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)呢？
小題1:解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話可知，巧克力可以調(diào)節(jié)人的情緒。A項(xiàng)在文中未提及；文中并未提及巧克力有藥物的功效，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文中提到CRF的創(chuàng)始人Chris Lee 有廣泛的商業(yè)人脈，但這并不說(shuō)明巧克力能加強(qiáng)商業(yè)關(guān)系，排除D項(xiàng)。所以選C。
小題2:解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知Lee不僅僅是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的銷(xiāo)售員，而且是一個(gè)與一些大品牌有業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)的市場(chǎng)部經(jīng)理，因此可以知道他有許多市場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，正是他豐富的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)使得他的理念得以發(fā)展。所以選D。
小題3:解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話中．..with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.可知Alcohol Series線的產(chǎn)品賣(mài)得最好，所以選C。
小題4:解析：選A。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)chocolate snobs后面的定語(yǔ)從句who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from...可知這些人對(duì)制作巧克力的原料很挑剔，所以選A。B項(xiàng)為“對(duì)可可豆了解很少”；C項(xiàng)為“瞧不起別人”；D項(xiàng)為“喜歡嘗試新口味”。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper，published this March in Psychology and Aging，examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受訪者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10，among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction，while middle­aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older，however，were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would，the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，”wrote Frieder R．Lang，a professor at the University of Erlangen­Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (預(yù)防措施)，”the authors wrote.
Surprisingly，compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes，respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also，the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness，medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However，the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood，individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic，to accurate，to pessimistic，”the authors concluded.
小題1:According to the study，who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A．Optimistic adults.
B．Middle­aged adults.
C．Adults in poor health.
D．Adults of lower income.
小題2:Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.
A．to fully enjoy their present life
B．to estimate their contribution accurately
C．to take measures against potential risks
D．to value health more highly than wealth
小題3:How do people of higher income see their future?
A．They will earn less money.
B．They will become pessimistic.
C．They will suffer mental illness.
D．They will have less time to enjoy life.
小題4:What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B．Good financial condition leads to good health.
C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·宜春五校聯(lián)考)Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers.They use robotic systems to milk their cows.Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations.Only one cow at a time can enter a station.
Once inside，the cow is rewarded with food.As the cow eats，a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine.A few minutes later，milking is complete.The gate is opened，the cow is released and the next cow enters.
The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day.The cows get to decide when they want to be milked.Cows are milked an average of about three times a day.Some are milked four to six times a day.
The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system.A computer keeps records on their eating and milking.A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked.
The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk.Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests.
Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal especially to the next generation of farmers.She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm.Still，she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.
Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm.Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system.A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot costs 175,000 dollars.The second costs 150,000 dollars.
Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot.He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day.
小題1:From the first paragraph，we can infer ________.
A．the robotic system is designed to reduce labor
B．cows can be raised by robots in the future
C．robots direct cows into milking stations
D．cows are kept clean by robots on some farms
小題2:Besides milking cows，the robotic system also can ________.
A．a(chǎn)djust the temperature of milking stations
B．judge the quality of fresh milk
C．improve the appetite of cows
D．keep fresh milk for two weeks
小題3:Why is the robotic system not popular now?
A．Because young people have no interest in it.
B．Because it is difficult to learn how to use it.
C．Because people can't afford to buy it.
D．Because it usually causes the waste of milk.
小題4:According to Doug，what is the wage of an employee per year?
A．$150,000～$175,000.
B．over $75,000.
C．$150,000～$30,000.
D．$30,000～$35,000.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people know precious gemstones (寶石) by their appearances. An emerald flashes deep green, a ruby seems to hold a red fire inside, and a diamond shines like a star. It’s more difficult to tell where the gem was mined, since a diamond from Australia or Arkansas may appear the same to one from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, recently, a team of scientists has found a way to identify a gemstone’s origin.
Beneath the surface of a gemstone, on the tiny level of atoms and molecules（分子）, lie clues (線索) to its origin. At this year’s meeting of the Geological Society of America in Minneapolis, Catherine McManus reported on a technique that uses lasers (激光) to clarify these clues and identify a stone’s homeland. McManus directs scientific research at Materialytics, in Killeen, Texas. The company is developing the technique. “With enough data, we could identify which country, which mining place, even the individual mine a gemstone comes from,” McManus told Science News.
Some gemstones, including many diamonds, come from war-torn countries. Sales of those “blood minerals” may encourage violent civil wars where innocent people are injured or killed. In an effort to reduce the trade in blood minerals, the U.S. government passed law in July 2010 that requires companies that sell gemstones to determine the origins of their stones.
To figure out where gemstones come from, McManus and her team focus a powerful laser on a small sample of the gemstone. The technique is called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Just as heat can turn ice into water or water into steam, energy from the laser changes the state of matter of the stone. The laser changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma, a gas state of matter in which tiny particles（微粒）called electrons separate from atoms.
The plasma, which is superhot, produces a light pattern. (The science of analyzing this kind of light pattern is called spectroscopy.) Different elements（元素）produce different patterns, but McManus and her team say that gemstones from the same area produce similar patterns. Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones, including more than 200 from diamonds. They can compare the light pattern from an unknown gemstone to patterns they do know and look for a match. The light pattern acts like a signature, telling the researchers the origin of the gemstone.
In a small test, the laser technique correctly identified the origins of 95 out of every 100 diamonds. For gemstones like emeralds and rubies, the technique proved successful for 98 out of every 100 stones. The scientists need to collect and analyze more samples, including those from war-torn countries, before the tool is ready for commercial use.
Scientists like Barbara Dutrow, a mineralogist from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, find the technique exciting. “This is a basic new tool that could provide a better fingerprint of a material from a particular locality,” she told Science News.
小題1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
A．a(chǎn)n emerald and a ruby are names of diamonds.
B．it’s not difficult to tell where the gem was mined.
C．a(chǎn)ppearances help to identify the origin of gemstones.
D．diamonds from different places may appear the same.
小題2:Why did the U.S. government pass law that requires companies selling gemstones to determine the origins of their stones?
A．To look for more gemstones.
B．To encourage violent civil wars.
C．To reduce the trade in blood minerals.
D．To develop the economy.
小題3:Which of the following facts most probably helps McManus and her team in identifying the origin of stones?
A．Heat can turn ice into water or water into steam.
B．Gemstones from the same area produce similar light patterns.
C．Laser can changes a miniscule part of the gemstone into plasma.
D．Materialytics has already collected patterns from thousands of gemstones.
小題4:From the last two paragraphs, what can be inferred about the laser technique?
A．It is ready for commercial use.
B．People can use the new tool to find more gemstones.
C．It can significantly reduce the gemstones trade in blood minerals.
D．It will bring about a revolutionary change in identifying the origin of minerals.
小題5:The author wrote this passage mainly to ________.
A．tell us how to identify the origin of diamonds.
B．introduce a laser technique in identifying a stone’s origin
C．prove identifying the origin of gemstones are difficult
D．a(chǎn)ttract our attention to reducing trade in blood minerals

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步機(jī)). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤腳).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.
B．Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C．Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D．Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.
小題2:Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?
A．Toes.B．Hips.C．Feet.D．Legs.
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B．We should start running barefoot in no time.
C．Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.
D．We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.
小題4:What is the writer’s attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes?
A．Persuasive.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Supportive.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bad teeth may be painful and it’s getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses.
Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers’ milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.
But dentists say a baby’s mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water.
When baby’s teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste (牙膏) when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth.
Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking (咬手指) might have on their baby’s teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, parents should talk to their children’s dentist or doctor.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months.
小題1:Why should people pay attention to teeth problems?
A．They can cause other illnesses.
B．They will bring bad luck.
C．They will bring the family much trouble.
D．They usually last a long time.
小題2: According to the writer, baby’s teeth should be protected from the day ______.
A．he begins to speakB．he has his first tooth
C．he was bornD．he is fed with bottle milk
小題3:The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to “_____”.
A．toothacheB．parents’ troubleC．thumb suckingD．experts’ advice

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New research has revealed that which song drivers listen to can influence how safe they are on the roads.Among the top ten safest songs to drive to are Come Away With Me by Norah Jones，I Don't Want to Miss a Thing by Aerosmith and Tiny Dancer by Elton John.Each of the songs has an optimum tempo(最佳節(jié)奏) for safe driving，imitating the human heartbeat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.The Scientist by Coldplay and Justin Timberlake's Cry Me a River also appeared in the top 10.
The study，conducted at London Metropolitan University，also revealed the type of songs that cause motorists to drive dangerously.Unsurprisingly，music that is noisy increases a driver's heart rate，which can be deadly.Fast beats cause excitement that can lead people to concentrate more on the music than on the road and to speed up to match the beat of the song.Styles of music were also measured during the experiment and revealed differences between male and female drivers.Hip­hop made a female driver drive far more aggressively，speeding up faster than male driver.The heavy metal music caused the fastest driving among males in the group while the dance music had the same effect among women.The male and female drivers who listened to the classical music drove the most irregularly.
The experiment involved eight people driving 500 miles each using the confused.com MotorMate app，which monitored driving behaviors through GPS technology.
小題1:What's the main idea of the whole passage?
A．Songs that drivers prefer to listen to on their way.
B．A study made by the confused.com MotorMate app.
C．What kind of songs the drivers should choose to listen to during driving.
D．Female drivers and male drives have different responses to the same music.
小題2:The underlined word “monitored” in the last paragraph means________．
A．controlledB．bannedC．modeledD．showed
小題3:．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Tiny Dancer by Elton John appeared in the top 10.
B．Usually human hearts beat at around 60 to 80 beats per minute.
C．The classical music makes most drivers drive comfortably and safely.
D．The passage reveals appropriate music and improper music for drivers.
小題4:If there is another paragraph in the end of the passage，the author may mention________．
A．female and male drivers' popular tastes of music
B．how did the study carry out
C．why fast beat music is harmful to drivers
D．some music with optimum tempo for driver to enjoy

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Having spent two and a half years in China over several visits, I don’t remember ever going through a phase we in the United States call “cultural shock”. This period of difficulty in adjusting to a new culture would probably have set in during my semester at Peking University. Of course, this is not to say that I didn’t notice any differences between the American and Chinese cultures upon my arrival at Peking University, I did notice the differences. Looking back, I remember one of the first differences I noticed: Chinese universities are surrounded by walls.
To an American, this is one of the most striking aspects of a Chinese university which immediately sets it apart from an American campus. Having grown up in the United States, I had never seen a university surrounded by high, cement(水泥) walls. My idea of a university, based on having seen scores of them in different states of the U.S., was a place of life and learning, an inseparable part of the community in which it was located, open not only to the students of the school itself, but also fully accessible to students from other schools and to the broader public.
My idea of a university was that it was a center of cultural life, a resource for the entire community. In all my twenty-one years, it had never occurred to me that a school would have a wall around it. Walls enclose and separate; schools expand and integrate(合并). The very idea seemed fundamentally incompatible. I asked a Chinese friend if all Chinese universities have walls around them. “You know, I have never really thought about it. I guess so. I guess all Chinese schools have walls around them, not just universities.” “Why?” I asked, “What’s the point?” “I don’t know. To protect us, I suppose.”  “From whom?” “I don’t know. Don’t you have walls around your schools in the United States?” I thought carefully before answering. “No, I’ve never seen or heard of a university encircled by a wall.” My Chinese friend seemed puzzled. Walls around schools came to strike me as more than just an architectural difference between the United States and China. As China continues to open up to the outside world, these walls seem increasingly out of place.
小題1:The author felt strange about Chinese culture when he ___________.
A．studied in Peking University
B．talked with his friends about the walls
C．experienced the “cultural shock” at his arrival
D．spent two and a half years in China over several visits
小題2:In the author’s opinion, a university is a place ___________.
A．where only students can come to study
B．which is similar everywhere in the world
C．that should be surrounded by high cement walls
D．that is an inseparable part of and a resource for the community
小題3:What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．The two ideas are fundamental.
B．The two ideas are basically different.
C．The two ideas about “school” and “wall” are suitable.
D．The two ideas about “school” and “wall” are conflicting.
小題4:What did the author’s friend feel about the walls around universities?
A．He thought it a good idea to have walls encircling schools.
B．He was shocked that American universities are not enclosed.
C．He thought they were necessary to protect students from being hurt.
D．He thought the difference between two countries is only architectural styles.
小題5:We can infer from the passage that the author thinks _____________.
A．walls are really useful in the universities
B．he can never really understand the Chinese culture
C．Chinese universities should work as public scenic spots
D．walls around the universities are inappropriate in an open China

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Even though Danish students have equal access to education, their choice of studies is still influenced by social class. Young people from working class backgrounds are       by studies with a clear job profile側(cè)面，半面，外形，輪廓and high income,       prestige and studies with a strong identity interest young people of parents with university degrees when choosing which studies to      . This is what researchers from the University of Copenhagen       in a new study. Students who have chosen to study medicine, architecture, economy and sociology often come from homes where the parents have         higher education, whereas business studies and pharmacy often       young people with a working class background. This is       by a research team from the University of Copenhagen and Aalborg University in a new study.
“There is a       between the studies chosen by young Danes and their       background. Even for the young people who have very good grades in their A-level exams, and who could successfully       admission to a large variety of studies, the parents’       of education and social class play an important role in their choice,” says Education Sociologist Jens Peter Thomsen, who is one of the researchers behind the study.
The study “The Educational Strategies of Danish University Students from Professional and Working-Class Backgrounds” is       60 interviews with Danish students from six different university level study programmes: Medicine, architecture, sociology, economy, pharmacy and business studies.
The young people bring with them the       they get from their families. If you grow up in a home with parents who are doctors or architects with a strong professional      , it is an obvious choice to follow the       path as your parents when you grow up.
“For young people whose parents are university educated,       such as fame and mastery of expert knowledge are important. They are       by an educational culture in which you are a diligent student, and where leisure activities are       to the identity that lies within your studies. These young people have also grown up with       discussions around the dinner table which also prepare them for their lives as students,” says Jens Peter Thomsen.
He also added, “Young people who come from a working class background, and have good grades have to       the full range of opportunities they have. But the effort to reach this goal must start early”.
小題1:
A．monitoredB．motivatedC．motionedD．multiplied
小題2:
A．whileB．a(chǎn)lthoughC．whenD．if
小題3:
A．pursueB．engageC．involveD．conduct
小題4:
A．calculateB．suspectC．concludeD．a(chǎn)chieve
小題5:
A．requiredB．confirmedC．refusedD．completed
小題6:
A．subscribes toB．caters toC．sticks toD．a(chǎn)ppeals to
小題7:
A．inquiredB．provedC．extendedD．a(chǎn)cquired
小題8:
A．connectionB．comparisonC．differenceD．contradiction
小題9:
A．educationalB．politicalC．socialD．professional
小題10:
A．balanceB．developC．identifyD．seek
小題11:
A．situationB．judgmentC．levelD．preference
小題12:
A．connected withB．based on C．committed toD．combined with
小題13:
A．resourcesB．experiencesC．financeD．memory
小題14:
A．degreeB．identityC．successD．responsibility
小題15:
A．perfectB．usualC．commonD．same
小題16:
A．changesB．problemsC．factorsD．characters
小題17:
A．disturbedB．movedC．puzzledD．a(chǎn)ttracted
小題18:
A．tiedB．a(chǎn)ccustomedC．transferredD．copied
小題19:
A．practicalB．topicalC．physicalD．medical
小題20:
A．take charge ofB．take control ofC．take advantage ofD．take care of

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