Question

The Cost of Higher Education

Individuals (個人) should pay for their higher education.

A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (資源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.

Full government funding (資助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.

If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.

Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (經(jīng)濟). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投資) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.

1.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to

A.taxpayers B.pressing calls C.college graduates D.government resources

2.The author thinks that with full government funding

A.teachers are less satisfied

B.students are more demanding

C.students will become more competent

D.teachers will spend less time on teaching

3.The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to

A. argue against free university education

B. call on them to finance students' studies

C. encourage graduates to go into business

D. show their contribution to higher education

 

Answer 1

1.B

2.D

3.A

【解析】

閱讀技巧：此篇議論文難度較低。把握議論文的閱讀兩步：1. 作者想說服你什么？2. 分了幾個并列的點來說服你？

答題技巧：此篇包括2個推斷題和1個細(xì)節(jié)題。其中1題要求學(xué)生找出them的所指，對學(xué)生分析代詞的所指提出了更高的要求，此項技能在完型和閱讀中都有體現(xiàn)；3題屬于基于議論文結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)問，問最后一段的例子在文章中的作用，對議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作模式有了解的同學(xué)都可以輕松應(yīng)答。

1.推斷代詞所指。There are pressing calls on the resources (資源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. ww往前看，發(fā)現(xiàn)前句就一個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，就它了。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"full government funding"定位原文，根據(jù)"文題順序一致"原則從上一題them后面去找，會找到Full government funding (資助) is not very good for universities…. and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. "lazy"轉(zhuǎn)換成"spendless time"不難得出正確選項。

3.結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題。題目問提到business有什么目的，就等于問議論文中的論據(jù)有什么用，地球人都知道：支持論點。馬上從本段段首找論點：Many people believe that higher education should be free…從全文的哪都可以看出作者就是要反對free higher education.