Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.
The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并發(fā)癥) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating–room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely.
It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study.
Two–thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice.
Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes(電極). In two cases, 11–inch retractors (牽引器) metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it.
The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen (腹腔) or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.
To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital’s operating room nurses.
Another effective way is to X–ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients.
小題1:In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?
A．The nurses are counting the equipment and the patient is being X–rayed.
B．The surgeons are doing the last operation of the day, and everyone is exhausted.
C．unexpected happens and some changes must be made in the procedure.
D．A complex operation is going on according to the plan made by many experts.
小題2:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Such mistakes happen more often to fat patients.
B．1,500 patients suffer from the mistake all over the world every year.
C．X–ray examination can help to find the lost objects.
D．The mistake largely results from stress rather than tiredness.
小題3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．Surgical teams aren’t to blame for the mistakes.
B．Some people never know there is something left inside their body.
C．Most mistakes happen because equipment isn’t counted after the procedure.
D．Only some small objects may be left inside the patients.
小題4:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Never Trust AnyoneB．A Mistake in the Operating Room
C．Carelessness and MistakesD．Tips for Patient Safety

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:B

試題分析：文章主要講的是外科手術(shù)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，主要是把醫(yī)療器械留在患者體內(nèi)。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并發(fā)癥) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
可知因?yàn)轭A(yù)料不到的事情發(fā)生和手術(shù)的改變，醫(yī)療器械才被留在患者體內(nèi)。選C
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題;從第一段的句子：Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.可知全國(guó)每年有1500個(gè)病人遭受這樣的痛苦。選B
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第七段的句子：patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.可知有的病人不知道有東西在體內(nèi)。選B
小題4:主旨題：文章主要講的是外科手術(shù)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，主要是把醫(yī)療器械留在患者體內(nèi)，選B
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章分析了具體的現(xiàn)象。測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋�？忌紫纫屑�(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keyboard or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compared unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improved stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.
It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular(微蜂窩，微孔的) level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.
Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 percent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an e-mail and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.
The effects on IQ were studied by Dr. Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”
小題1:We can learn from the passage that “infomania” __________.
A．has a positive influence on one’s IQ
B．results in the change of part of the brain
C．lies in the problem of lack of concentration
D．is caused by too much use of modern technology
小題2:The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ________.
A．the important function of advanced technology
B．the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habits
C．the relevance between IQ and use of modern technology
D．the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness
小題3:The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “___________”.
A．examined carefullyB．copied patiently
C．corrected quicklyD．a(chǎn)dmitted freely
小題4:w hich of the following shows the structure of the passage?

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with problems; that they talk too much about certain problems—and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent—child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.
Young people often make their parents angry at their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles make their parents angry, this gives them extra enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.    
Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to agree what you do. If they agree, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are supposing that you are the underdog; you cannot win but at least you keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents' contro1. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can attract others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility, so that they will let you choose what you want to do.  
小題1:The first paragraph is mainly about_________.
A．the teenagers' criticism of their parents
B．misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
C．the control of the parents over their children
D．the teenagers' ability to deal will problems
小題2:Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles mainly because they________.
A．want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own
B．have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste
C．have no other way to enjoy themselves better
D．want to make their Parents angry
小題3:Teenagers do not want their parents to agree whatever they do because they_______.
A．have already been accepted into the adult world
B．feel that they are superior to the adults
C．a(chǎn)re not likely to win over the adults
D．have a desire to be independent
小題4:To improve parent—child relationships，teenagers are advised to be_________.
A．a(chǎn)ttractiveB．positiveC．cooperativeD．productive

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wages. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig（鉆探平臺(tái)）with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.
　　Another aspect we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second-hand cars. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the schoolteacher.
　　Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic（精神的）wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying repetitiveness of his work. It is significant that the jobs like nursing and teaching continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
Although the amount of money that people earn is largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point would be to try to decide the ratio（比率）which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicated by two factors: firstly by the welfare benefits which every citizen receives, and secondly by the taxation system which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities will become disappointed, and might even end up by leaving for another country. If it is more, the difference between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead to social unrest.
小題1:Why do people naturally expect that doctors should be well-paid?
A．Their work requires greater intelligence.
B．They are under constant pressure at work.
C．They work harder than most other people.
D．They have studied for years to get qualified.
小題2:In Paragraph 2 and 3, the author indicates that __________.
A．the talented should do more important work
B．unskilled jobs have less social responsibility
C．those with more socially useful jobs earn less
D．people want to pay more to important services
小題3:Which of the following statements would the author agree?
A．It’s difficult to define the social value of a job.
B．The market will decide what the right pay is for a job.
C．People should find a proper ratio between high and low pay.
D．Those receiving high salary should carry heavy responsibilities.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard，they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being一and it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s well-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. “We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing, so a rested, relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better,” said Withers.
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The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days一but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans, responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
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小題1:How did the author introduce the topic of the text?
A．By making comparisons.B．By giving an example.
C．By raising questions.D．By providing data.
小題2:Expedia’s survey shows that Americans _____.
A．dislike family gatherings
B．have the shortest vacation
C．enjoy as many vacations as the French
D．think much of spending long hours on the job
小題3:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．One should never wait to relax.B．Work and rest go against each other.
C．Time and opportunity wait for no man.D．A relaxed mind determines everything.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Virginia is set to begin enforcing the toughest drunken-driving punishment, one that will require thousands of first-time offenders­­—whether they were highly drunk or slightly over the limit – to install (安裝) in their cars blood-alcohol testing devices that can lock the ignition. The devices work like this－A driver must blow into a blood alcohol device linked to the car’s ignition. If the result is higher than the legal limit, the car will not start. The device also requires random “rolling retests” once the driver is on the road.
Virginia’s current law requires only repeat drunken-driving offenders or those with a blood alcohol level of 0.15 or higher to have an ignition interlock device in their car.
The new law, which takes effect in July, will roughly increase the number of people required to use ignition interlock devices four times, and offenders will have to pay about $ 480 for a typical six-month installation.
The measure has caused a debate between groups battling drunken driving and those representing offenders. Such groups as Mothers Against Drunk Driving and the Washington Regional Alcohol Program say that Virginia’s 274 alcohol-related road deaths and more than 5,500 injuries in 2010 remained unacceptably high despite years of cracking down on drunken driving. Ignition interlock devices, they say, reduce repeat offenses. But some public defenders and lawyers argue that the devices are too severe a punishment for offenders at the legal blood alcohol limit of 0.08, and that the court system will be burdened by more cases going to trial and lower-income drivers will be affected by the fees.
Del. Sal R. laquinto, who sponsored the bill, had a simple reply for concerns about the costs of the interlock devices: “How much does a life cost?” “Blowing into a tube for six months, you will remember that, ” Iaquinto said, “ and you are not likely to offend again. ”
小題1:The ignition probably refers to the part in a car where ______.
A．the alarm goes off B．the car is fueled
C．the key is placed D．the engine starts
小題2:Who are required to install the blood-alcohol devices according to the current law?
A．The repeat drunken-driving offenders.
B．The first time drunken-driving offenders.
C．Drivers whose blood alcohol level is below 0.15.
D．The drivers who are not able to pay offence fees.
小題3:Some groups support the new law because ______.
A．the government can be financed to build roads
B．some traffic deaths and injuries may be avoided
C．lower-income drivers will not afford to drink again
D．the court system is forced to work more effectively
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A．justice has long arms
B．punishment is the key to all
C．no law is absolutely perfect
D．prevention is better than cure

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As prices and building costs keep rising, the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend(趨勢(shì))in the U.S. continues to grow.
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Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420.“I was deeply upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you
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小題1:We can learn from the text that many married people_________.
A．find it hard to pay for what they need
B．have to learn to make their own furniture
C．take DIY courses run by the government
D．seldom go to a department store to buy things
小題2:When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim_________.
A．makes shoes in his home
B．does extra work at night
C．does his own car and home repairs
D．keeps house and looks after his children
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A．his car repairs cost too much
B．the car repair class was not helpful
C．he could not possibly do two jobs
D．he had to raise the children all by himself
小題4:What would be the best title for the text?
A．The Joy of DIYB．You Can Do It Too!
C．Welcome to Our DIY CourseD．Ross and Hatfield Believers in DIY

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

What do Chinese college graduates have in common with ants? The recent 16  Ant Tribes about the life of some young people  17  flock （群集） to Beijing after  18  university，describes the graduates，like ants，as smart but 19  as individuals，drawing strength from living together in communities.
The book，which is based  20  two years of interviews with about 600 low-income college graduates in Beijing， 21  in mid-September，about a month ahead of an announcement by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security that 74% of the 6.11 million new graduates from universities and colleges had been  22  by Sept．1.
The book’s chief editor，Lian Sir，tells that piece of statistic says23 about the real situation for many of these graduates．“I am always   24  how many of these employed college graduates are leading a happy life,” Lian said．“I hope this book could offer a window on these graduates，whose stories are __25  known.”
The setting of the book is several so-called “settlement villages for college students” in the outskirts （市郊） of Beijing，where a large  26  of college graduates 27 ．Most of these graduates work for 28 or medium-sized businesses， 29  less than 2,000 Yuan a month．They live together because it’s 30:  The rent in these communities is only around 350 Yuan a month．Many of them travel several hours a day for short-term jobs or job interviews.
Tangjialing，a small  31  20 kilometers from Tian’anmen Square，has around 3,000  32  villagers，but has become a  33  for more than 50,000 migrants （移民），most of whom  34  from universities or colleges all over the country．Lian describes the students’  35  as five or six-storey buildings built by local farmers with 12 rooms on each floor and two or three people crammed （擠） together in each room of about 10 square meters．Up to 70 or 80 people share the same toilet and kitchen.
小題1:
A．filmB．storyC．bookD．magazine
小題2:
A．whoB．what C．whichD．whose
小題3:
A．leavingB．enteringC．visiting D．enjoying
小題4:
A．necessaryB．meaninglessC．importantD．strong
小題5:
A．inB．onC．a(chǎn)tD．for
小題6:
A．came up B．came on C．came along D．came out
小題7:
A．firedB．interviewedC．employed D．trained
小題8:
A．muchB．littleC．some D．more
小題9:
A．wonderingB．researchingC．studyingD．telling
小題10:
A．seldomB．wellC．a(chǎn)lways D．often
小題11:
A．dealB．plentyC．a(chǎn)mount D．number
小題12:
A．workB．goC．relaxD．live
小題13:
A．smallB．bigC．famousD．unknown
小題14:
A．earningB．thinkingC．shopping D．paying
小題15:
A．expensive B．comfortable C．cheapD．convenient
小題16:
A．cityB．townC．community D．village
小題17:
A．originalB．youngC．rich D．poor
小題18:
A．schoolB．hotelC．homeD．company
小題19:
A．comeB．differC．graduateD．suffer
小題20:
A．livesB．dormitoriesC．buildings D．restaurants

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments---mostly for entertainment purposes --- is fair and respectful?
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely and far from their natural homes.
Zoo claims to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leaves zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behaviour, intelligence, or beauty. Zoo keeps animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding (圈養(yǎng)繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and another species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
Actually, we still save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
小題1:How would the author describe the animals’ life in Zoos?
A．DangerousB．UnhappyC．NaturalD．Easy
小題2:In the state of zoochosis, animals _______________.
A．remain in cagesB．behave strangely
C．a(chǎn)ttack other animalsD．enjoy moving around
小題3:According to the passage what point of view does the author hold?
A．Zoos are not worth the public support.
B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
小題4:The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by________.
A．pointing out the faults in what zoos do
B．using evidence he has collected at zoos
C．exploring the way animals are protected
D．discussing the advantages of natural habitats
小題5:Although he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that___________.
A．zoos have to keep animals in small spaces
B．most animals in zoos are endangered species
C．some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos
D．it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats

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