Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
【小題1】The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.

A．keep B． build C．recreate D．evaluate
【小題2】According to the author, the teacher should _______.
A．free students from outside pressures
B．set the standards and rules on his own
C．be responsible for a well-organized class
D．focus more on instruction and evaluation
【小題3】From the passage we can learn that ______.
A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formed
B．outside pressures can not cause tension among students
C．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task
D．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess
【小題4】What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To provide information for teaching.
B．To show the importance of teaching a class.
C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.
D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.


【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：教育所包含的內(nèi)容遠(yuǎn)甚于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)關(guān)系。有些老師將時間和經(jīng)歷花在訓(xùn)導(dǎo)方面，另外一些花在評估方面。正是作為組內(nèi)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的老師才能為訓(xùn)導(dǎo)和評估活動創(chuàng)造有效率的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的工作環(huán)境。
【小題1】helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment幫助形成并保持一種積極的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，maintain保持，故選A。
【小題2】根據(jù)第一段“But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment”可知，創(chuàng)造一種有效的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境是老師的職責(zé)所在，故選C。
【小題3】根據(jù)第三段“Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic.”可知，沒有明確的針對老師和學(xué)生的規(guī)定，教室會變得一片混亂。故選D。
【小題4】根據(jù)“Teaching is more than leadership. ...On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. ...One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.”可知，文章講的是，教師如何做好教學(xué)工作，管理好學(xué)生，故選A。
考點(diǎn)：教育類短文閱讀

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【小題1】The main purpose of the text is to tell parents       ．

A．how to get along with a teenager 
B．how to respect a teenager 
C．how to help a teenager grow up 
D．how to understand a teenager 
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C．refuse to talk D．seek help 
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[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
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[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
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【小題2】Research has shown that
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[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
【小題3】Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
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[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
【小題4】After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
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[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
【小題5】It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.
Vocabulary
dropout          輟學(xué)者，中途退學(xué)
well-rounded       全面的
attrition          縮/減員，磨損
drain          枯竭
bracket          一類人，（尤指按收入分類的）階層
lagging behind other fields    落后于其它領(lǐng)域
glum          陰郁的

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Kieran said：“ It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”
The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.
【小題1】The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to ________.

A．train staff for world­famous firms
B．offer job opportunities to young adults
C．provide youth with unique experiences
D．equip the unemployed with different skills
【小題2】．According to Alex Goldberg，it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to ________.
A．the lack of support from firms
B．the cultural differences
C．the effect of unemployment
D．the shortage of money
【小題3】According to the passage，the forum focused on how youth can ________.
A．build up their confidence at school
B．find work experience opportunities
C．improve their social skills for the future
D．play an active role in the change of society
【小題4】We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．the visit to the United Kingdom was amazing
B．Kieran has made great progress in many aspects
C．the youth have found a way to solve their problems
D．the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday
【小題5】What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Alex Goldberg，F(xiàn)ounder of Young Inspirations
B．Young People Find a World of Opportunity
C．Kieran，Banbury School Pupil to Paris
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Lakes, ponds, and beaches mean summer fun and cool relaxation from hot weather. But water also can be dangerous for kids if you don't take great care. Nearly 1,000 kids die each year by drowning.
Here are some tips to keep your kids safe in the water:
At the Lake or Pond
·Don't let little kids swim alone without adult supervision— lakes or ponds may be shallow near the bank and are suddenly deep sharply further out from shore.
·Ponds and lakes may hide jagged rocks, broken glass, or rubbish.
·Make sure kids wear foot protection; even in the water, they should wear socks or water shoes.
·Watch out for weeds and grass in the water that could trap a leg or arm.
·Most boating accidents, particularly among teenagers, are related to alcohol(飲酒). Be sure teens know about the dangers of alcohol, on and off the water.
At the Beach
·Teach kids to always swim when and where a lifeguard is on duty. Unlike the calm waters of a swimming pool, the beach has special dangers like currents and tides(暗流). Check with the lifeguard when you arrive to find out about the water conditions.
·Tell kids never to stand with their back to the water because a sudden wave can easily knock a child over.
·Teach kids that if they're caught in a dangerous wave, they should swim parallel（順行地） to the shore or should tread （踩）water and call for a lifeguard's help.
Whether at the lake or at the beach, teach your child to get out of the water during bad weather, especially lightning.
【小題1】Which is the right behavior when swimming at the beach?

A．Go off the water without a lifeguard on duty
B．Go on swimming in a heavy rain
C．Go off the water after checking the water conditions
D．Call for help if caught in a dangerous wave
【小題2】A child should_________ at a lake.
A．swim on his/her own
B．be careful about weeds and grass
C．swim without shoes on
D．drink only a little wine
【小題3】Swimming at a beach is more dangerous than in a pool because         .
A．there are no lifeguards at a beach
B．there are currents and tides at a beach
C．the waters of a beach are more calm.
D．the waters of a pool are warmer
【小題4】The passage is probably written for          .
A．students at school
B．kids who want to learn swimming
C．parents with little children
D．coaches who teach kids to swim
【小題5】In which column(欄目) of a magazine can you find this passage?
A．EducationB．ScienceC．EntertainmentD．Sports

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