13.Next time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your partner,friend,sibling (兄弟姐妹) or colleague,remember they could be helping to make you smarter.
New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be boosted throughout adulthood by family members,bright mates and intellectually stretching (拉伸) careers.
The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is static by the age of about 18.Current scientific consensus suggests that intelligence is controlled by genes,with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a partial role up to this age.After this point,IQ scores stabilize (穩(wěn)定).
But James Flynn,professor of political studies and psychology at the University of Otago in New Zealand,argues that people can"upgrade"their own intelligence throughout their lives.He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激) from others is crucial as the"brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it,the stronger it gets".However,the opposite is also true-so people sharing a home or workplace with those who are intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels fall as a result.
He found the"understanding quality"of a family changes the IQs of all members,especially children.It can"lift"or hold back,depending on the"gap between their brightness and that of their siblings and parents".A bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage,compared to a similar child with equally bright siblings.However,children with a low IQ could gain six to eight points by having brighter siblings and special educational treatment to help pull them up.
Professor Flynn also concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80percent of intelligence,the remaining 20percent is linked to lifestyle.This means that people can raise their IQ,or allow it to fall,by ten points or more.Therefore,the best way to boost IQ level is to mix with bright friends,find an intellectually challenging job and marry someone cleverer.
32.We can learn from the passage thatD.
A.a(chǎn)s the age grows,you will become smarter
B.a(chǎn) 35-year-old man is surely smarter than himself at the age of 18
C.you will be smarter if you have a partner,a friend or a sibling
D.a(chǎn)fter 18,you still have the possibility to become smarter
33.The underlined word"static"in the 3rd paragraph probably meansB.
A.unstable
B.fixed
C.varied
D.repeated
34.James Flynn holds the belief thatA.
A.intellectual stimulation from others makes the brain work better
B.people should avoid working with those intellectually challenged
C.one's IQ could be held back if he has bright brothers or sisters
D.the IQ of children is least influenced by the understanding level of a family
35.What's the best title for the passage?C
A.Genetics Determines Intelligence.
B.Watch Out for Intelligence Falling.
C.Bright Siblings Make You Smarter.
D.Brain Is Like Muscle.
分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀,作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了研究表明,智商不是固定的,在成年之后,你的家人、聰明的同事、可以拉伸智商的職業(yè)都會(huì)使你的智商提高.
解答 32.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第二段中的"New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be boosted throughout adulthood by family members,bright mates and intellectually stretching (拉伸) careers"可知,研究表明,智商不是固定的,在成年之后,你的家人、聰明的同事、可以拉伸智商的職業(yè)都會(huì)使你的智商提高.故選D.
33.B.詞義猜測(cè)題.由第二段中的"New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be boosted throughout adulthood by family members,bright mates and intellectually stretching (拉伸) careers"可知,研究表明,智商不是固定的,在成年之后,你的家人、聰明的同事、可以拉伸智商的職業(yè)都會(huì)使你的智商提高.這一結(jié)果挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)的觀念"intelligence is static by the age of about 18",由此可以推知,傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為,到了18歲左右,人的智商就是固定的了.故畫(huà)線單詞意思意為"固定的,不變的",故選B.
34.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第四段中的"James Flynn…argues that people can‘upgrade'their own intelligence throughout their lives.He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激) from others is crucial as the‘brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it,the stronger it gets'"可知,James Flynn認(rèn)為,大腦就像肌肉一樣,你用的越多,它就變得越強(qiáng).來(lái)自別人的智商方面的刺激對(duì)智商的提高至關(guān)重要.故選A.
35.C.標(biāo)題歸納題.文章第二段是文章的中心段.由第二段以及下文的詳細(xì)介紹可知,研究表明,智商不是固定的,在成年之后,你的家人、聰明的同事、可以拉伸智商的職業(yè)都會(huì)使你的智商提高.故選C.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.