Many Americans are turning to Japan, they think, a country of high academic(學(xué)術(shù)的) achievement and economic success, for possible answers．However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find． In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction．In one survey, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education．Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents(答問卷者)listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools．In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices．To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as determination, concentration, and the ability to work as a member of a group．The huge majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

Like in America, there is diversity(多樣性) in Japanese early childhood education．Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential(潛力的) development．In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools．Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities．Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.

1.We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________.

A． Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction

B． Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents

C． Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

D． Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs

2.In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on ________.

A． preparing children academically

B． shaping children’s character

C． teaching children mathematics

D． developing children’s artistic interests

3.Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?

A． They can do better in their future studies.

B． They can make more group experience grow there.

C． They can be individually oriented when they grow up.

D． They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.

4.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________.

A． broaden children’s knowledge

B． train children’s creativity

C． lighten children’s study load

D． enrich children’s experience

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In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student, two years ahead of me in his studies; he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty．This was Stephen Hawking．I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his Phd degree．

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A． His brilliant research．

B． His bestselling books．

C． His serious disease．

D． His defeating hardship．

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B． His “l(fā)azy” attitude．

C． His above-average talent and ability．

D． His rich experience．

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A． in the early 1940s

B． in the late 1940s

C． in the early 1930s

D． in the late 1930s

4.What can we learn from the text?

A． Hawking’s theory was proved years ago．

B． Hawking was not as successful as Newton．

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5.Which of the following is Not True according the passage?

A． He achieved one success after another in his career despite his disease．

B． He couldn’t walk when the author first met him at Cambridge．

C． He not only survived his disease but contributed greatly to science．

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According to statistics published by the University of Scranton，about 45 percent of Americans usually make New Year’s resolutions------and the most popular resolution is losing weight. Of those who make resolutions，a mere 8 percent achieve them.

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On a stormy day last August, Tim heard some shouting．Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.

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After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.

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A．The boys rowed too fast．

B．The big current carried it.

C．The wind blew it．

C．The boys tried to get attention..

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A．To go boat rowing

B．To get back their football.

C．To swim in the open water

D．To test the umbrella as a sail.

3.What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The beach

B．The water

C．The boat

D．The wind

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B．To consider turning back or not.

C．To check his distance from the boys．

D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.

5.How can the two boys finally reach the pier?

A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.

B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.

C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.

D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.

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