Question

【題目】Eating too much fatty food，exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure（暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can cause heart attack or stroke（中風(fēng)） within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one report of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants（污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. Another study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency（EPA）considers to be of “moderate”(良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

【1】The text mainly discusses the relationship between _________ .

A. heart problems and air quality

B. heart problems and exercising

C. heart problems and smoking

D. heart problems and/span> fatty food

【2】The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________ .

A. relatively high B. extremely low

C. relatively low D. extremely high

【3】We can learn from the text that __________？

A. eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B. the EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C. moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D. stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

【4】The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________ .

A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

試題分析：眾所周知，攝入過(guò)多脂肪，缺乏鍛煉以及長(zhǎng)期吸煙會(huì)增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但最新的研究表明，另外一項(xiàng)我們平時(shí)不注意的東西更使我們患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大增加，那就是我們所呼吸的空氣。

【1】A主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文主題句——第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是說(shuō)明空氣質(zhì)量和心臟病發(fā)病率之間的關(guān)系，選A。

【2】C詞義猜測(cè)題。modest原意是：謙虛的，溫和的，由此可以推斷出本文中其意思是：相對(duì)較低的，選C。

【3】D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一句stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則不僅提高環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量，而且保護(hù)公共健康變得必要。可知本題選D。

【4】A寫作意圖題。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要意思是說(shuō)明人們所呼吸的空氣和心臟病的發(fā)病之

間的關(guān)系，由此可知作者的寫作目的是告知人們一個(gè)事實(shí)，故本題選A。

【名師點(diǎn)撥】

細(xì)節(jié)題是針對(duì)文中某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)、某句話或某部分具體內(nèi)容設(shè)置問(wèn)題，正確答案的根據(jù)一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改寫往往成為正確選項(xiàng)。

通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)有以下特征：

1、對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項(xiàng)。

2、詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變?cè)�文句子的語(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。

3、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，成為正確答案。

4、正話反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)（適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目）。比如第30小題，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一句stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則不僅提高環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量，而且保護(hù)公共健康變得必要。可知本題選D。這道題就是將正確答案簡(jiǎn)化。