Question

【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利潤(rùn)）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 【1】 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 【2】

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 【3】 One is the establishment（制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 【4】 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（監(jiān)管）and guidance by the management in authority. 【5】

A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.

D.However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F.In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G.Planning in business management has three main aspects.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】G

【4】E

【5】A

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇討論商務(wù)和商務(wù)管理的說(shuō)明文。雖然看似有很多專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，但是根據(jù)我們常說(shuō)的“之路詞”，以及對(duì)上下文的推理，其實(shí)要做出正確答案并不難，可謂是難度中等。文章第一段描述了business的兩個(gè)含義：一是提供顧客所要商品和服務(wù)的方法；而是提供這些商品和服務(wù)的組織。文章第二段則細(xì)述了商務(wù)管理是用來(lái)描述計(jì)劃、指導(dǎo)以及控制公司運(yùn)作技巧的術(shù)語(yǔ)，并在下文中對(duì)這三方面進(jìn)行了一一闡述。

【1】D根據(jù)后文Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers可知：被普遍認(rèn)為是非營(yíng)利組織。所以，上文應(yīng)該與其內(nèi)容一致。D項(xiàng)：然而，一些公司只掙足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)滿足基本的經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。這說(shuō)明它們不賺錢(qián)。這與后文內(nèi)容相符。此處however也是關(guān)鍵詞，其前講得是盈利活動(dòng)，其后是非盈利公司活動(dòng)。

【2】C前文提到非盈利公司，下文舉例說(shuō)明哪些是非盈利組織。故選C。

【3】G第二段的第一句是總述，接下來(lái)從三方面進(jìn)行分述the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business。按順序先說(shuō)planning。故選G。

【4】E根據(jù)上文“經(jīng)營(yíng)管理計(jì)劃有三個(gè)方面”可知，這里談得是第二方面。下文是The third. . . 。故選E。

【5】A根據(jù)前文可知三個(gè)方面講了兩個(gè)方面了，接下來(lái)是第三個(gè)方面。即control of the operations of a business。故選A。

【名師點(diǎn)撥】

在做七選五時(shí)一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more等詞匯、固定結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用。它們連接了上下文，起著承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示轉(zhuǎn)折，這說(shuō)明前后的內(nèi)容相反或相對(duì)。把握住這一點(diǎn)，做起題來(lái)就會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。比如第16小題，D根據(jù)后文Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers可知：被普遍認(rèn)為是非營(yíng)利組織。所以，上文應(yīng)該與其內(nèi)容一致。D項(xiàng)：然而，一些公司只掙足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)滿足基本的經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。這說(shuō)明它們不賺錢(qián)。這與后文內(nèi)容相符。此處however也是關(guān)鍵詞，其前講得是盈利活動(dòng)，其后是非盈利公司活動(dòng)。