The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. Inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things: a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. To infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination.
The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. For example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. The response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary(對(duì)手) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. In either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story.
When the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a whole---its comment on the human situation. This comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. It is also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. In addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view.
Fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in which a story communicates. It also requires attention to detail. What the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.
小題1:According to the author, "infer" means ________ .
A．knowingfactsbeyondthestatement
B．lookingformoreevidencesforthestatement
C．findingoutadifferentmeaningfromthestatement
D．a(chǎn)ddingsomefactstothestatement
小題2:What is inferring in fiction based on?
A．Readers’guessing. B．Thebasicelementsofthestory.
C．Thesettingofthestory. D．Theinterrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinthestory.
小題3:What is the implied meaning of the last sentence?
A．Inferringcanreallyhelpthereaderdevelopimaginationandenrichhimself.
B．Inferringcanhelpthereaderwriteastoryofhisown.
C．Thereadershouldlookforanexperiencedescribedinthestoryhereads.
D．Theexperiencedescribedinthestorywillleaveagreatimpactonitsreader.
小題4:What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Inferringisanartofwriting. B．Inferringisaneedinfictionwriting
C．Inferringisthebasicskillinreadingfiction.D．Inferringiscommoninreading.

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：本文敘述了讀小說(shuō)的藝術(shù)在于讀者的推理，文中講述了什么是推理，推理就是在描述的事實(shí)之外，你推測(cè)出來(lái)的內(nèi)容，但是推理是基于這篇小說(shuō)的事實(shí)，不是憑空想象的，最后指出推理能幫助讀者發(fā)展他們的想象空間來(lái)豐富充實(shí)自己。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. 故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story故選B。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據(jù)He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.推理能幫助讀者發(fā)展他們的想象空間來(lái)豐富充實(shí)自己，故選A。
小題4:主旨大意題。根據(jù)The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings.故選C。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：所謂主旨大意題，就是指那些針對(duì)文章的主要內(nèi)容、主題、標(biāo)題或?qū)懽髂康乃O(shè)置的問(wèn)題。這類(lèi)題主要考查同學(xué)們?cè)诶斫馊牡幕A(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)的能力。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Among the Boys is a unique after-school program for boys living in the Highland Park neighborhood of our city. The organizational task is to provide males living in low-income and public housing with opportunities to discover their ability to change challenges into possibilities. The program includes an academic part as well as specific plans for supporting the overall development of the participants. Among the Boys uses painting as an instrument for helping boys examine their world, discuss it, and develop positive ways of handling the challenges they face daily. Young men present personal challenges to the group, such as a recent fight or the long-term drug abuse they observe in their neighborhood. After guided discussion, the youth work as a team, determining how to best represent the issue at hand in a painting. The resulting paintings and explanations of these paintings provided by the young people suggest that something profound(深遠(yuǎn)的) occurs through this process. These young men are learning a healthy way to express and cope with the pain and suffering they feel. Art serves as a healing process and a structured method of teaching teamwork, nonviolent values, conflict handling and problem-solving skills.
Activities in Among the Boys are in agreement with the best practices in the prevention of high-risk behavior. First, community-based youth development programs are considered important parts of a comprehensive prevention method, particularly in high-risk neighborhoods. Second, compensatory(補(bǔ)償) education that targets at risk youth for academic failure is also considered an effective prevention method. Third, interventions(介入) aimed at improving youth’s moral reasoning, social problem-solving, and thinking skills are reported to be effective methods for reducing violence in high-risk populations, especially when carried out with elementary school-aged boys. Finally, Among the Boys has an adapted tutoring part, considered an effective prevention tool. Tutoring is typically a one-to-one match between a tutor and a youth, but Among the Boys employs what is referred to as “group tutoring.” Among the Boys makes up for its high student-tutor ratio(比例) with quality and quantity of time, as the program meets after school, on Saturdays, and all day during the summer, and is staffed primarily by males, an unusual quality among educational programs.
Among the Boys is rare and successful form of grassroots program, and represents the dream of a successful male who grew up in the Highland Park neighborhood and has returned to make a valuable contribution to his community. 
小題1:Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the second paragraph？
A．A theory is presented and proved with data.
B．A statement is made and supported with examples.
C．A problem is put forward and solutions are suggested
D．A situation is described and a prediction is provided
小題2: Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?
A．Art programs can promote painting but cannot prevent school failure.
B．Social problem-solving skills are not important for high school-age youth.
C．Most educational programs have some female staff members.
D．Teamwork produces better paintings than does independent work.
小題3: In discussing Among the Boys’ tutoring part, the author implies that ______.
A．Among the Boys employs a traditional tutoring model
B．tutoring is effective only with elementary school-age boys
C．tutoring prevents the youth’s attention from wandering off
D．increased hours with a group can be as effective as a one-to-one tutoring relationship
小題4:The founder of the program described in the passage ______.
A．sought contributions to make his program successful
B．designed the program for the same neighborhood in which he grew up
C．is seeking reelection for the Highland Park community school board
D．was a successful graduate of Among the Boys when he was a youth
小題5: The attitude of the author of the passage toward Among the Boys is ______.
A．forgivingB．doubtfulC．praisingD．ignorant

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

1. What will I need to take a Test?
You need a photo ID, your instructor’s name, a pencil or pen, a calculator, etc.
2. How will I know about time limits?
Students will be informed of any testing time limits, and notified when time is up.
3. If I have my books or backpack, does the Test Center have a place to store them while I’m testing?
Yes. Students will be asked to leave all books, backpacks, purses and any other personal items in a lockable storage room.
4. The only time I can take a test is during lunch. Can I eat my lunch while I am testing?
No food or drink are allowed in the Test Center.
5. I conduct business via a pager(尋呼機(jī)) or cell phone. Will I be allowed to use them in the Test Center?
No. all pagers and cell phones must be turned off before entering the Test Center. There are other students testing who may be distracted by these devices.
6. If I need to borrow more scratch paper(草稿紙) am I allowed to borrow from another student in the Test Center?
Ask the teacher and more material will be given. Talking is not permitted in the Test Center. You will give all scratch paper to the teacher at the end of the test.
7. If I start a test but don’t finish it, can I come back the next day to finish it?
If you have prior(在先的) arrangements with your instructor you may continue a test the next day. Students are expected to complete their test before closing time of the Test Center. Depending on the test, most tests will not be given within one hour of closing time.
小題1:What does the underlined word “notified” probably mean?
A．Noticed.B．Told.C．Questioned.D．Asked.
小題2: When you take a test in the Test Center, all of the following are forbidden EXCEPT _____.
A．to eat and drinkB．to use your cell phone
C．to leave your purse on the deskD．to ask for more scratch paper
小題3: If you don’t finish the test you ______.
A．must turn in the paper on time
B．should get help from your instructor
C．can continue it the next day by prior arrangement
D．can take the paper out of the center
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Frequently asked questions about the Test Center
B．Useful suggestions on different kinds of tests
C．General requirements for students to have tests
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Blackbird (畫(huà)眉)
★A good sign
★Paradise
★Magic
Seeing a blackbird for most is a good sign. It can also mean shyness and insecurity, which directly means a lack of self-confidence. The color black, as we know, is connected with supernatural power.
Bluebird (藍(lán)知更鳥(niǎo))
★The arrival of spring
★Hard work
★Joy
Bluebirds are connected with joy, and they most often mean a happy condition or good news coming your way. They may also refer to the hope of an individual for their inner child, which means innocence (單純).
Bluejay (冠藍(lán)鴉)
★Fearless
★Truthful
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A bluejay can mean being faithful to others. Seeing a bluejay either in its natural habitat or in your dreams could also send across a message to develop an innate (先天的) talent.
Canary(金絲雀)
★Joy
★Freedom
★Intellectual development
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小題1:Both the bluebird and the canary can be a sign of      .
A．innocenceB．joyC．the coming of springD．shyness
小題2:Which bird can be a sign that someone is not confident?
A．The blackbird.B．The bluebird.C．The bluejay.D．The canary.
小題3:What does it mean when you see a bluejay in your dream?
A．It means you spread unwanted information.
B．It means you man develop an innate talent.
C．It means you will have joy.
D．It means someone is missing you.
小題4:Which bird can mean selfessness?
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Air is an odorless (無(wú)氣味的), invisible (看不見(jiàn)的) gas that surrounds the earth. It is everywhere on the planet. An “empty” drinking glass and an “empty” room, to give two examples, are not really empty. Each is filled with air. When the glass is filled with water, the water pushes the air out of the glass.
Air, as a gas, has no definite (明確的) shape, but, because it is matter, it takes up space. It is easy to prove that air is something that takes up space. Stuff a dry handkerchief into the bottom（底部） of a glass so that it will not fall out when the glass is turned upside-down. Push the upside-down glass; hold it straight into a jar of water till the glass is completely covered. When the glass is taken out of water, the handkerchief will be dry. The air inside the glass takes up space and keeps the water from coming in.
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A．Press tightly. B．Take out.
C．Put down.D．Turn fully.
小題2:The writer tells us that _______.
A．the experiment is done in the laboratory
B．the experiment is done outside the room
C．the experiment is easily done
D．the experiment is carried out indoors
小題3:Which of the following pictures gives us the correct result?
( W—water;  A—air;  H—handkerchief )

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Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses say she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she’s not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It’s very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual.”
But you can’t see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can — if you’re an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Brandie Smith. “That’s part of their special abilities. They’re more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”
Primates weren’t the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibrations were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough says earthquakes produce two types of waves — a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She said she thinks the “P” wave might be what set the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith says the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I’m not surprised at all,” Smith said.
小題1:Why did Mandara act strangely one day?
A．Because it sensed something unusual would happen.
B．Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.
C．Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.
D．Because an earthquake had happened.
小題2:According to Brandie Smith, _____.
A．many animals’ hearing is sharp
B．earthquakes produce two types of waves
C．primates usually gather together before a quake
D．humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake
小題3:Which word in the passage has a close meaning to the underlined word “cover”?
A．vibrationB．shelterC．quakeD．range
小題4:Which animal seems unable to sense a quake?
A．A giant panda.B．A flamingo. C．A lemur.D．A lizard.
小題5:What is the best title for the passage?
A．How animals survive a quake. B．How animals differ from humans.
C．How animals behave before a quake.D．How animals protect their young in a quake.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentation? You might want to hold off on that. Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward. However, an article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests stressed people pay more attention to the positive sides of a possible outcome.
It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”
But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs（削弱）their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.
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The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.
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小題1:By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that      .
A．you might want to delay making your big decision
B．you should save the presentation for later
C．you should avoid taking risks
D．you might benefit from the stress
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A．often leads people to take more risks
B．often leads people to make balanced decisions
C．makes people think more of negative results
D．makes people ignore the negative side of problems
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A．Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions.
B．People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed.
C．When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks.
D．When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction.
小題4:What is the central theme of the article?
A．Stress can affect decision-making.
B．Stress increases our desire to get rewards.
C．We should think more about the upside of problems.
D．There is a link between stress and negative experiences.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most recently, it’s very common in students who need a parent present for job interviews.
Naturally, it’s easy to blame the students in these situations, but the bigger problem is us. We—as parents—are so eager to protect our kids that we fail to realize that this in itself is harming them. As the mother of two young sons, I have to remind myself all the time that the biggest responsibility I have as a parent is to help them develop the skills needed to live in, to live without me. So, I’ll let them fail.
I’ll let them fail because as long as they are safe and warm inside their comfort zones, they will never grow. And failure—along with loss, heartbreak, disappointment, etc.—will be part of growth for them. Call me the anti-tiger mom, but leaving them alone is my way of helping them become equipped to fit in this world as we know it today. From terrorism (恐怖主義) and seemingly endless natural disasters, to our national debt and beyond, if we expect the next generation to stand up to the very real problems of our time, we need to stop feeding them and start teaching them how to fish.
My children are faced with hard situations in their own life almost each day, but they try to negotiate (協(xié)商) everything now. It’s a small price to help them learn a skill they’ll use for the rest of their lives, including when I don’t come with them on job interviews. 
小題1:Why do parents go along with their kids on job interviews?
A．Because they want to protect their kids from difficulties.
B．Because they think they can protect them from being hurt.
C．Because their kids are too shy to attend interviews.
D．Because their kids strongly request them to do so.
小題2:According to the author, what is helpful to kids’ development?
A．Protecting them.B．Keeping them safe.
C．Leaving them alone.D．Blaming them.
小題3:The author believes experiencing failure in life can make kids ___________.
A．become healthier than other kids
B．grow in this challenging world
C．develop all social skills
D．escape from natural disasters
小題4:If the writer’s boy goes to a job interview, she probably will ___________.
A．go with him to protect her kid from difficulty
B．stay home but give him directions over telephone
C．wait outside and talk with other parents
D．let him go to the interview by himself
小題5:Which of the following might be the best title of the text?
A．Never help your kidsB．Let your kids fail
C．Go to the interview with your kidsD．Live without parents

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Over the last ten years, technology has been constantly improving. Learning languages outside classes has__36__from using sets of tapes or CDs to much more creative and interesting __37__.This is largely due to the ever __38__Internet. There are now hundreds of __39__that will help you learn a language, some are better than others; some charge and some are __40__. Below are some of the free-of-charge websites that I recommend (推薦) to __41__ you learn a language.
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MyHappyPlanet is an online community for people __47__ in learning a language in __48__ for teaching their own language. For example, you help someone in Barcelona with their Chinese __49__they help you with your Spanish. With Myhappyplanet, you can practice speaking with a __50__speaker, learn more about other cultures, and make friends with people __51__in the world.                      
BBC languages is probably one of the most __52__ways to learn a language online, and it’s great for beginners .The lessons are in the __53__of a TV series shot in your target language. It’s like watching your favorite show and __54__at the same time. They also help you to have a better understanding __55__ the culture of the country
小題1:
A．settledB．continuedC．changedD．started
小題2:
A．pointsB．ideasC．designsD．methods
小題3:
A．improvingB．fallingC．requiringD．working
小題4:
A．booksB．websitesC．programsD．tapes
小題5:
A．cheapB．expensiveC．freeD．spare
小題6:
A．helpB．expectC．hopeD．a(chǎn)dvise
小題7:
A．ManagersB．MembersC．EmployeesD．Employers
小題8:
A．competeB．reportC．teachD．complete
小題9:
A．structureB．EnglishC．vocabularyD．knowledge
小題10:
A．closesB．growsC．endsD．rises
小題11:
A．showingB．measuringC．praisingD．correcting
小題12:
A．interestedB．shockedC．disappointedD．surprised
小題13:
A．balanceB．exchangeC．preparationD．search
小題14:
A．butB．whileC．sinceD．unless
小題15:
A．strangeB．foreignC．fluentD．native
小題16:
A．a(chǎn)nybodyB．somewhereC．a(chǎn)nywhereD．somebody
小題17:
A．seriousB．difficultC．boringD．relaxing
小題18:
A．fashionB．formC．shapeD．figure
小題19:
A．learningB．livingC．guessing D．thinking.
小題20:
A．on B．toC．forD．of

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