Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
小題1:With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
[A] Types of mass transportation.
[B] Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
小題2:Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
[B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
小題3:According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
[A] It was expensive.
[B] It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
小題4:The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
[A] that is large.
[B] that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1.revise          改變
2.fabric          結(jié)構(gòu)
3.catalyze          催化，加速
4.sort out          把……分門別類，揀選
5.omnibus          公共汽車/馬車
6.trolley          （美）有軌電車，（英）無(wú)軌電車
7.periphery       周圍，邊緣
8.sprawl          建筑物無(wú)計(jì)劃延伸，蔓延，四面八方散開(kāi)
9.lot          小片土地
10.underscore       強(qiáng)調(diào)，在下面劃?rùn)M線
11.transit lines       運(yùn)輸線路
12.subdivision       （出售的）小塊土地，再劃分小區(qū)

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:C

寫作方法與文章大意
文章論述了“公共交通從三方面改變了城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)�！辈捎梅诸悓懛āＮ恼乱婚_(kāi)始就提出三方面：第一，促進(jìn)城市實(shí)質(zhì)性的擴(kuò)展；第二，把人和土地分民別類加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。然后就是三方面的具體內(nèi)容。
小題1:D 公共交通運(yùn)輸對(duì)城市擴(kuò)展的影響。文章開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山提出這一點(diǎn)“公共交通運(yùn)輸從三個(gè)根本方面改變了美國(guó)城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)�！焙竺嫖恼聝�(nèi)容就是三方面的具體化。
A. 公共交通運(yùn)輸類型。 B. 城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。 C. 供需如何決定土地利用。這三項(xiàng)文中作為具體問(wèn)題提到，并不是文章涉及的主要題目。
小題2:C 說(shuō)明公共交通改變了許多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“舉例說(shuō)，1850年，波士頓市界離老的商業(yè)地區(qū)幾乎不到2英里，到了這世紀(jì)末，其半徑擴(kuò)至10英里。現(xiàn)在供得起的人們可以住得很遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離老的城市中心，仍然來(lái)回去那里上班、購(gòu)物和娛樂(lè)”。第七句，“舉例說(shuō)，在1890至1920年期間，據(jù)記載，芝加哥市界內(nèi)有約250，000個(gè)新的住宅樓區(qū)大多數(shù)設(shè)在郊區(qū)。經(jīng)過(guò)同樣這段時(shí)期，市區(qū)外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地區(qū)內(nèi)，又計(jì)劃建造了550，000個(gè)住宅樓區(qū)�！�
A. 表示成長(zhǎng)的正反兩方面效果。B. 舉有無(wú)公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)某鞘袨槔?D. 對(duì)比兩者成長(zhǎng)率；都不是本文中舉兩城市例子的目的。
小題3:C 沒(méi)有計(jì)劃。見(jiàn)第二段第三句起“城市擴(kuò)展蔓延根本無(wú)計(jì)劃，好幾千個(gè)小的投資商進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，毫不考慮相互協(xié)調(diào)配合利用土地，也不考慮未來(lái)土地利用�！�
A. 太貴 和 B.太慢，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提。D. 它創(chuàng)造了對(duì)公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨蟆＿@不是住宅擴(kuò)展的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，而是三個(gè)根本改變城市的一個(gè)方面。見(jiàn)第一段第三句：“通過(guò)大量開(kāi)發(fā)未占土地?cái)U(kuò)建住宅，公共汽車、馬車、鐵路、來(lái)回火車，有軌電車把已有人定居的居住區(qū)向外擴(kuò)展了三四倍，比他們先現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的市中心更遠(yuǎn)�！�
小題4:C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子說(shuō)明）土地開(kāi)發(fā)超過(guò)人口增長(zhǎng)速度。答案詳見(jiàn)第二段“這些購(gòu)買和置備土地建設(shè)住宅，特別是購(gòu)置臨近城市或就在市界外的土地，搶在交通線路和中產(chǎn)階層的居民進(jìn)去之前。他們這樣做的目的是創(chuàng)造一種需求，也是響應(yīng)這種需求。芝加哥就是這種過(guò)程的典型例子。那里的房地產(chǎn)小塊土地比人口增長(zhǎng)快得很多很多�！�
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地開(kāi)發(fā)的樣板。 D. 具有優(yōu)越的公共的交通系統(tǒng)。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health，but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3～5 times，and occasionally more than 100 times，higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors.
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Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral (病毒性的) diseases，so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects，there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore，further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health.
小題1:According to the first paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?
A．People often fail to notice indoor air pollution.
B．Indoor air pollution sometimes is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution.
C．Outdoor air pollution may not be so serious as indoor air pollution.
D．It is obvious that people have been paying more attention to indoor air pollution.
小題2:According to the author，which may NOT be the source of indoor air pollution?
A．Building materials.B．Wet carpet.
C．Cooling system.D．Refrigerators.
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A．Bad intention.B．Much sensitivity.
C．Injury.D．Carelessness.
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A．Reactions of PollutionB．Danger from Home
C．Pollution ResourcesD．Different Pollutions

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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The newly discovered creatures include a bird­eating frog with fangs (毒牙)，a bird that would rather walk than fly and a gecko (壁虎) whose alien appearance inspired the report’s title of “Close Encounters”，the conservation group said.
The report was released ahead of major UN talks on climate change in Bangkok next week，which are being held before a make­or­break summit in Copenhagen this December.
“Some species will be able to adapt to climate change，and many will not，potentially resulting in massive extinction，” Stuart Chapman，director of the WWF Greater Mekong program，said in the report.“Rare and endangered species like those newly discovered are especially vulnerable (易受傷害的) because climate change will further shrink their already restricted habitats，” he said.
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“Among the new species is the bird­eating fanged frog，which remains hidden in a protected area of Thailand despite the fact that scientists are studying there for 40 years，” the report said.
The tiger­striped pit viper was discovered accidentally on an island off the coast of Vietnam when a scientist was looking  for a lizard and his son pointed out that his hand was on a rock right next to  the snake’s fangs.“We caught the snake and the gecko and they both proved to be new species，” researcher Lee Grismer of La Sierra University in California was quoted as saying in the report.The leopard gecko，found on another Vietnamese island，has the coloring of a leopard and bizarre orange，cat­like eyes and thin legs.
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小題1:What is special about the newly discovered bird?
A．It usually walks.
B．It likes walking and flying.
C．It can eat other birds.
D．It can eat frogs.
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A．most of the newly discovered species can adapt to climate change
B．climate change can cause massive extinction of the newly discovered species
C．the newly discovered species are not so vulnerable to climate change
D．many species have already died out because of climate change
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A．frightenedB．disappointed
C．excitedD．puzzled
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A．The Greater Mekong region is a rich area for scientists.
B．Many rare species remain to be discovered in the Mekong region.
C．Scientists have discovered many new species in the Mekong region.
D．Climate change threatens Mekong new species.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My six-year-old came home from school this week with two envelopes. One was for a donation to help people in the Philippines. The other was to help hungry families have a Thanksgiving meal.
“I’ll put a check in each of these. Then you can add your own money from your piggy bank, okay?” I said, thinking he’d be so excited to put his own stamp on things.
“That’s okay, mom. You put money in. I don’t want to waste mine,” he sweetly sang as he colored. “I want to fill my bank all the way up.”
Ack! I guess I know what our dinnertime discussion will be about tonight, I thought.
I had figured that through watching his parents donate items, helping us take toys from time to time to needy kids and putting money in the basket at church, he would just understand why it was important to help people in need — and even want to do it himself.
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“There’s nothing wrong with the child. There’s just no connection.”
As for having that conversation immediately, or forcing my son to put money into the envelopes: “Try not to do it now,” Hoefle said. Teaching a child about donating their own money or toys or time to people in need “should be a gentle introduction into what we hope will be a way of life for our kids.”
She suggested these things to help children understand the importance of giving:
* Just talk about it. Then explore the issue from a perspective he can understand.
* Use the course of a year to introduce kids to opportunities. That way, they won’t be shocked when you ask them to stuff their own money into an envelope （like this writer just did）.
* Pick a family charity for the year and have a conversation about how you all can help throughout the year.
* Think of this not as something you must teach, but as something to expose them to.
At her house, Hoefle said, “When you got something new, you gave something up.” Each birthday, her children would pick what toys they had outgrown and give them away. “There was a comfort in it. It just became a natural part of the kids’ lives.”
So I will fill those envelopes alone this time. But I’ll make sure he understands why they should be filled—gradually.
小題1:When the writer asked her son to give money to help the poor, he __________.
A．declined to donate
B．sang a sweet song
C．put all his money in a bank
D．seemed very surprised
小題2:Hoefle’s attitude towards children’s unwillingness to donate money can be best described as “_______”.
A．criticalB．tolerantC．positiveD．worried
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A．Giving courses about charity.
B．Setting a rule for children to give.
C．Inviting a lot of poor people home.
D．Giving children enough real life chances.
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A．She often makes donations for people in need.
B．She taught her son a lesson over dinner that evening.
C．She is at a loss as for what she should do next.
D．She invited a parenting educator home for advice.
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A．Kids, please help those in need.
B．Why are kids unwilling to donate?
C．Kindness is lost in the young generation.
D．How can we help kids learn generosity?

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Read a lot, I mean a lot! You have to increase your ability for reading. Many students are in the habit of reading only when their exams are approaching while some others read only what they are taught or things that must be read because it is in their curriculum. But listen to me now, I am telling you from my own experience that it is a very bad habit and it is not enough to improve your intelligence.
You have to learn and get ready to become versatile in your reading. The fact that you are studying medicine in school does not mean that you should not know one or two things on politics.
Many people have complained to me that they find it hard to read stuffs like novels but I just shake my head in pity for them because it is obvious they have failed to realize the truth in that wise saying by Margaret Fuller that “today a READER, tomorrow a LEADER!”
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Reading will also help you in improving your vocabulary because you will certainly start coming across so many new words which you will try as much as possible to get accustomed to with the help of the dictionary! The good thing about increasing your vocabulary is that it will also improve your thinking ability. After all, we think in words and the more words you know, the easier it will become for you to express yourself or your thoughts.
And when you read, make sure you read so wide because the more you read, the more you know and the more you know the more intelligent you can become.
小題1:According to the author, what should students do in terms of reading?
A．They needn’t read unless the exams come.
B．They should read books about intelligence.
C．They must read about politics when their major is medicine.
D．They should read as wide as possible.
小題2:The underlined word “versatile” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
A．interested B．many-sidedC．contentD．confident
小題3:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Increase your ability for reading
B．Read wide and improve your vocabulary
C．Reading improves your intelligence
D．Reading makes you a leader tomorrow
小題4:What is the benefit of knowing more words?
A．You will get used to referring to the dictionary when meeting with new words.
B．You will have less difficulty expressing your opinions.
C．Vocabulary will improve your creativity.
D．You can pass your exams with ease.

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It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The     __  __ has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning situation that has designed for the         children.
There can be little doubt that         classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these         out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
Many are concerned that gifted children become         and lose interest in learning. However this concern is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these         simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented. Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they         so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an         child.
小題1:
A．principleB．theoryC．a(chǎn)rguementD．classification
小題2:
A．smartB．poorC．matureD．a(chǎn)verage
小題3:
A．regularB．specialC．smallD．creative
小題4:
A．childrenB．programsC．graduatesD．designs
小題5:
A．doubtedB．boredC．worriedD．tired
小題6:
A．studentsB．a(chǎn)dultsC．scholarsD．teachers
小題7:
A．believeB．thinkC．sayD．feel
小題8:
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A group of senior high school students are playing outside on a basketball court. They are shouting with excitement. And they all have the same dream. They wish to play in the NBA, just like Huston Rocket’s Yao Ming. “Someday, there will be more Chinese players like Yao in the NBA,” said 15-year-old Xie Tao, a senior 1 boy at Shanghai No. 2 Middle School. Xie always watches Yao playing on TV. “He is a great player. He makes me proud to be Chinese,” he said.
Like Xie, 17-year-old Liu Yan at Beijing No. 22 Middle School is also a big NBA fan. “Since early May, I’ve not missed one game in the NBA,” said the senior 3 student.
Basketball is becoming popular in middle schools across the country. And more young players are starting to like the sport. More students are playing the game.
Jiang Hui, a basketball teacher at Beijing No. 2 Middle School, said that 85 percent of the students at this school like the sport. “Students are full of passion for the game,” Jiang’s team won the regional first prize in the 2004 National High School Boy’s Basketball League in   march. The league is the first national basketball competition for high school students.
Playing basketball is a good way to exercise. But students also enjoy it for other reasons. For Li Yan, a Senior 2 at Shanghai No. 12 Middle School, basketball teaches him lessons in life. “When I am in a game, I feel more confident about my studies, “ he said. “ It also teaches me to have a good team spirit and to enjoy friendship.”
小題1:The same dream of the group of senior high school students is to ______.
A．to play in the NBAB．be as tall as Yao Ming
C．watch Yao Ming playing on TVD．visit Huston Rocket’s center
小題2:How many students are mentioned in the passage?
A．2.B．3 C．4D．5
小題3:Which school team won the regional first prize in the first national basketball competition for high school students?
A．Shanghai No. 2 Middle School.B．Beijing No. 22 Middle School.
C．Beijing No. 2 Middle School.D．Shanghai No. 12 Middle School.
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Basketball is becoming popular in middle schools in Chine.
B．The 2004 National High School Boy’s Basketball League was held in May.
C．Playing basketball is a good way to exercise.
D．Students enjoys playing basketball for a lot of reasons.
小題5:Who learns to have a good team spirit from playing basketball?
A．Xie TaoB．Yao MingC．Jiang HuiD．Li Yan

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you consider what subject to study in college, chances are that you and your parents will think about what you can make out of it after graduation. You will likely ask the question: “Can I find a well-paid job or simply a job with a degree in this in the future?”
This consideration also influences students when they come to choose between studying science or humanities (人文學(xué)科) at college. People generally believe that the humanities, which include literature ,  history, cultural studies and philosophy,  do not prepare students for a specific vocation (職業(yè)). Science subjects, however, are considered vocational courses that produce scientists, engineers and economists (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家).
“I've decided to take finance as my college major. My parents and I think this subject will help me get a good job or start a business,” said Huachen Yueru, 17, a science student at Wuxi No. 1 High School.
Even those who choose a liberal arts (文科) education often pick the humanities subject which they think will best help them later find a job.
“I'm going to study Spanish in college, which I believe will open doors to a high-paying job for me,” said Liu Chao, 18, a Senior 2 student at Dalian No 20 High School. He said few of his classmates show interest in subjects like philosophy and history, which are seen as “l(fā)ess promising” in job markets.
The popularity of liberal arts subjects among college students has also been decreasing in the United States. American scholars (學(xué)者) and universities are concerned that in the ongoing economic crisis (經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)) liberal arts subjects will be hit hardest. As money tightens (緊縮), they worry that the humanities may become “a great luxury (奢侈品) that many cannot afford”, according to the New York Times.
小題1: When you consider what to study in college, what does you and your parents usually think about ?
A．whether you are interested in the subject.
B．if you can lead a happy life.
C．what you can make out of it after graduation.
D．How much you can learn in the college.
小題2:Why do students show little interest in the subjects, like philosophy or history ?
A．Because they are not interested in them.
B．Because they think these subjects are useless.
C．Because they see these subjects as less-promising in job market.
D．Because they like the science subjects.
小題3: What can we infer from the passage ?
A．Humanities are becoming less and less popular with the students.
B．Studying science subjects is sure to find a well-paid job.
C．The humanities in college should be cancelled.
D．The writer thinks those who choose the liberal arts education will choose their favorite subjects.
小題4: What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the first paragraph ?
A．the subject you study in collegeB．scienceC．humanitiesD．liberal arts
體裁：說(shuō)明文        詞數(shù)：326       難度系數(shù)：☆☆☆☆       建議用時(shí)：8分鐘
類別：細(xì)節(jié)理解+推理判斷題+詞義猜測(cè)題             本文標(biāo)題 ：…Arts in crisis…

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A study suggests that although most students at UK universities are happy with their courses, dissatisfaction has grown as fees rise．The study highlights a big variation in teaching time, and lists different ideas about the value of getting university degrees．
Katharine Collins, a second-year college student
The course has been very interesting, but I was expecting a little more one-to-one time with my teacher．
We do about four assignments （作業(yè)） each term, each of which is about 3,000 words．However, sometimes they are not that helpful．We hope to be given the right to write feedback （反饋） after every assignment, but we had no feedback at all throughout the first year．We are given grades about three weeks after we hand the assignments in．There is no feedback on where we have gone wrong or how we might improve．
Lee Millington, a creative-writing student
I choose the courses because of its reputation．There is a lack of one-to-one teaching．I would like personalized feedback from an expert in my field of writing．Some of the lectures have been quite helpful but they try to use too many different styles of writing．For example, if you want to be a poet, you might find that the lectures focus too much on novels．
I think there is too much attention paid to sharing our work in workshops and giving each other feedback．I think there should be more time given to actual teaching, rather than to feedback from people who are at a similar level to me．
Reporters from Hounsdown Secondary School, Ella, 16
When I work independently, I feel I have more freedom to develop my ideas and come up with more original viewpoints．The price of university will still be worth it to get the qualifications （資格證書(shū)）necessary for better jobs．
Tyier, 16
Although the cost of university is very high now, I think university is required for gaining a good and well-paid job．
Agencies
小題1:We can learn from the beginning of the article that           .
A．Most of the university students at UK are dissatisfied with their courses.
B．The higher and higher pay for their courses accounts for the rise of the UK students’ dissatisfaction.
C．All the students at UK universities hold a similar attitude towards the value of getting university degrees.
D．The student’s purpose is to highlight the importance of gaining a university diploma.
小題2:According to Katharine Collins in Paragraph 2, we can infer that           .
A．She is content with the assignments given in each term.
B．She has never been given one-to-one time with her teacher before.
C．She didn’t think highly of the value of the assignments at the university.
D．She benefits from the assignments a lot because they are helpful.
小題3:Why does Lee Millington choose the course-- writing?
A．Because he wants to be a great writer in the future.
B．Because he is interested in it from his heart.
C．Because he hope to make a better living before long．
D．Because the course has a high reputation in society．
小題4:Who will most tend to be a professional novelist among the students mentioned in the passage?
A．Ella．B．Tyler．C．Lee．D．Katharine．
小題5:What does the author mainly tell us at UK in this passage?
A．The value for university degrees．
B．The higher pay for courses at university．
C．The terrible assignments at university．
D．The puzzle of the students at university．

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