Do people ever consider the possibility that, if they’re exposed to increased reports about a social problem, it’s the reporting that has increased rather than the problem? It’s increasingly clear that this is the case with school bullying（欺凌）：Only news reports about it have increased, not the behavior itself. In fact, both bullying and fear of it are down among US middle school students
The rate of students who reported fearing an attack or harm at school at all has dropped dramatically, from nearly 12% in 1995 to less than 4% in 2011. For black and Hispanic students, it’s an even more encouraging shift—from more than 20% of both groups of students worried about being attacked at school to less than 5% in 2011.
The decline in actual physical violence in schools is even more dramatic: It was down 74% between 1992 and 2010, according to the latest US Department of Justice data.
What about cyberbullying? Online harassment increased from 6% in 2000 to 9% in 2005 to 11% in 2010 between, and it’s interesting to note that it increased less between 2005 and ’10 than in the first 5 years tracked. Because social media is very much a reflection of school social life for young people, the peer aggression seen in social media is a lot like the peer aggression seen on school bathroom walls. So once it finds its “dead level,” it will probably decline in the same way verbal and written aggression have.
Besides education and crime prevention at the social level, medicine treatment and better access to mental healthcare also contribute to this downward trend in victimization of self and others.
The rise of social media is what people don’t typically think of as a positive force in society. But Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire says, “These technologies might have prevented crime and bullying by providing more ways of help, more forms of social supervision, and interesting activities that destroy forms of alienation(異化) that lead to crime”.
小題1:From the first paragraph we learn that __________.
A．school bullying has increased because of increased reports
B．school bullying has decreased because of increased reports
C．the number of reports on school bullying has increased
D．the number of reports on school bullying has decreased
小題2:The underlined word is closest in meaning to "_________".
A．crimeB．a(chǎn)ggressionC．surfingD．communication
小題3:The cyberbullying is still increasing probably because ________.
A．it isn't as easy to control as the other school bullying
B．it hasn't been concerned by the governments
C．it isn't part of school social life
D．it hasn't come to its top level
小題4:Finkelhor believes that social media have a ________ influence on the falling trend of school bullying.
A．positiveB．negativeC．majorD．slight

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:A

試題分析：
學校里面發(fā)生“欺凌”事件的比例在下降，除了教育和預(yù)防措施外，醫(yī)學治療及心理干預(yù)也是重要原因。至于網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)生的“欺凌”事件還在增長，是因為其發(fā)生率還沒有達到峰值。但增長率在降低。更有論者認為，網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交媒體對于減少“欺凌”事件具有積極作用。
小題1:由第一段Only news reports about it have increased, not the behavior itself 一句可知，學校欺凌事件本身并未增加，只是欺凌事件的報道多了起來。故選擇C項。
小題2:第四段說的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌。欺凌還不能算是犯罪，排除A項。但欺凌是一種“侵犯”。aggression: 冒犯、侵犯。故選擇B項。
小題3:從第四段So once it finds its “dead level,” it will probably decline in the same way verbal and written aggression have.一句可知，社交媒體是現(xiàn)實社會的反映，一旦網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌事件達到峰值（dead level）極有可能會減少。故選擇D項。
小題4:由最后一段Finkelhor 的話（These technologies might have prevented crime and bullying by providing more ways of help, more forms of social supervision, and interesting activities …）可知，F(xiàn)inkelhor認為網(wǎng)絡(luò)等現(xiàn)代技術(shù)可預(yù)防犯罪和欺凌，原因在于其提供了更多救助方法、更多社會監(jiān)管以及有趣的活動。故A項正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment. Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons.
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A．ways of protecting animals’ habitats
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A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.
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Agree on the best approach to staying in touch before your child leaves, and stick to your agreement. Try not to panic if your child doesn’t respond immediately – remember, they’re starting a new and busy life.
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A．Supporting your child in different ways all the time.
B．Congratulating yourself when your child goes to college.
C．Preparing your child to stand on their own feet in the future.
D．Investing as much as possible in the growth of your child.
小題3:What’s NOT advised as the way to recover from your child’s departure?
A．Developing a new hobby or sport
B．Learning a new language.
C．Spending more time with close friends
D．Staying in touch with your child.
小題4:What would be an appropriate title for the whole passage?
A．Staying in Touch with Your Child
B．Preparing to Say Goodbye to Your Child
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists know of more than 1,000 volcanoes on the surface of Venus, Earth’s “sister” planet. A big question has been: Are they still active? The scientists say yes.
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Venus is a difficult planet to study from Earth because it is surrounded by thick clouds. Telescopes on Earth can’t see through these clouds, so the best information about Venus comes from spacecraft orbiting it.
Bondarenko and her colleagues studied the lava flow using data from NASA’s Magellan mission. That spacecraft spent four years in orbit around Venus and used radar to make a map of 98 percent of the planet’s surface. On October 11th, 1994, the mission ended, and the spacecraft plunged (跌落) through Venus’ heavy cloud cover and crashed onto the planet below.
While in orbit, the Magellan craft sent microwaves, which can go through Venus’ clouds, to the surface. Microwaves are invisible and can be as long as three feet. These waves are a kind of energy, like light. And like light, they bounce off surfaces. The way the waves bounced off the Venus’ surface and back to the craft supplied information that the scientists used to estimate the temperature of various parts of the planet’s surface. Bondarenko’s team found that the lava flow was hotter than its surroundings---which may mean the lava flow is in the process of cooling.
The scientists say the lava flow can’t be very old because if it were, it would have cooled off enough that Magellan wouldn’t have noticed the difference in microwaves. She adds that the flow appears in a 1978 view of the surface that a craft called the Pioneer Venus Orbiter captured.
小題1:What happened to Magellan in the end?
A．It was floating in space forever.
B．It flew into heavy clouds.
C．It returned to the Earth.
D．It fell onto Venus.
小題2:How could Bondarenko judge the temperature of the Venus?
A．By looking at it with a powerful telescope.
B．By measuring the thickness of clouds over Venus.
C．By calculating the microwave bouncing off Venus’s surface.
D．By orbiting Venus for 4 years in a spacecraft.
小題3:The best title for the passage may be “______ ”.
A．Warm lava on Venus
B．More volcanic eruptions on Venus
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