When it comes to social behaviour，mammals are in a league of their own.Some birds may form pairs，or even cooperate to hunt，but the complexity (復(fù)雜性) of their relationships can hardly compare to those within a school of dolphins，a herd of elephants or a group of humans.What makes mammalian social groups different from a flock of starlings or a shoal of fish，is that in many cases the individuals could recognize each other.Although we may think that  all elephants look pretty much the same，we can easily tell individuals of our own species apart and it has become clear through studies that the same is true of other species.Dolphins have their own signature whistles that act like “names”，and elephants can recognize and greet other individuals they have known but not seen for many years.This is something that only a few species of birds appear to be able to do.
Mammals in complex social groups not only recognize each other as individuals，but also they remember a lot of information about that individual.Social groups often rely on this memory—such as knowing who is dominant to whom，who is related to whom，and who has done what to whom in the past.It’s like remembering who you have lent money to or done a favour for，and who hasn’t repaid that money or has talked about you behind your back.You have to learn who to trust，who your friends are，and who to watch out for.
All this remembering goes on in a particular part of the brain called the neocortex (大腦皮層)．If you compare the size of a mammal’s social group with the size of this part of the brain，you will find they are remarkably closely related.This area seems to take a long time to develop fully and animals in which it is very large take a very  long time to grow up to adulthood.During this time，the youngster has to learn all the rules of social behaviour in their group and to piece together all  the relationships between the group members：Knowledge that will be needed to avoid getting into trouble.
小題1:What is special about a mammalian social group according to the passage?
A．All the individuals cooperate to hunt.
B．The individuals can communicate with each other.
C．The individuals can recognize each other.
D．The individuals form closer relationship.
小題2:The passage suggests that elephants________.
A．a(chǎn)re cleverer than dolphins
B．can recognize other species
C．may mistake a member for another
D．have good memories
小題3:Animals whose area of the neocortex is large________.
A．will have a long period of time before they become adults
B．will spend a shorter time learning the necessary knowledge
C．will learn the necessary knowledge much more easily
D．will have more difficulty in growing up as adults
小題4:If the neocortex is larger，the animals________.
A．can live a longer life
B．have a smaller social group
C．have a larger social group
D．have a greater body size

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:C

小題1:　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段第三句可知，哺乳動(dòng)物的一大特點(diǎn)是，一個(gè)群體中的每個(gè)個(gè)體都能辨認(rèn)出其他的個(gè)體。
小題2:　D
解析　推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句說(shuō)明，大象如果彼此認(rèn)識(shí)，即使它們多年不見(jiàn)，但重新見(jiàn)面后也能認(rèn)出對(duì)方互相打招呼，這說(shuō)明它們記憶力很好。
小題3:　A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段第三句可知，如果一個(gè)動(dòng)物的大腦皮層很大，那么它成年所需的時(shí)間也就更長(zhǎng)。
小題4:　C
解析　推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知，動(dòng)物大腦皮層部位的大小與它群體的大小存在正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。故大腦皮層大，對(duì)應(yīng)的社會(huì)群體也大。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Mom was right！If you say thank you，for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness，you’ll feel happy.
Gratitude(感謝)，says Robert A．Emmons，a professor of psychology at the University of California，is an important element of happiness.In his recent book，Thanks！，Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point.In acknowledging and developing this much­ignored expression of thankfulness，he explains how people have benefited—even improved their health.
As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement，he admits gratitude may be difficult to express.He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder.Second，recognize that the source of life’s goodness is more than just you.That source may be your mom，a friend，partner，child，colleague at work or play，or any combination of these.
Gratitude is always other­directed，notes Emmons.You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong，but you can never be grateful to or for yourself.
Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction；it should be a state of mind.To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy.To feel grateful in time of crisis—anger，hatred and bitterness—is easier.Also，too many people are aware of life’s blessings only after these are lost.The voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals are many.
It’s crisis and chaos—danger，disease，disability and death—that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others.Yet it’s the way each of us begins life and ends it.It’s too bad that so many people waste those decades in between labouring under the illusion(幻覺(jué)) they are self­sufficient，says Emmons.
To enable and embrace gratitude，Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary.He even provides easy­to­follow directions on how to practise and develop gratitude.
I’m not a reader or advocate of self­help books，but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients(接受者)．The chance discovery led me to this book.
Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving，receiving and repaying.So I’ll pay attention to her professional advice and say：Thank you，professor Emmons.
小題1:What is the text mainly discussed?
A．There are many ways of being thankful.
B．Gratitude is important to happiness.
C．Mom is great for her being thankful.
D．Being thankful will keep you fit.
小題2:The author mentions Robert A．Emmons’book Thanks! in order to prove that ________.
A．Professor Emmons supports mom’s study on psychology
B．mom is as great a psychologist as Professor Emmons
C．Professor Emmons is a famous psychologist
D．mom is right about her viewpoint on gratitude
小題3:It will be easier for you to feel grateful when ______.
A．you live a comfortable life
B．you receive gifts on your birthday
C．you get help during your hard times
D．you are congratulated on your success
小題4:What is the opinion of Professor Emmons?
A．It is enough to thank others orally.
B．Whether you are thankful is always up to you.
C．Remember to be thankful anytime and anywhere.
D．It is easier to be thankful for yourself than for others.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I stood there outside of the classroom with the other students，waiting for the supervisor(監(jiān)考老師) to open the door，and ____ filled the heart.
When we were finally inside the classroom，I realized how ____ it was.The heater hadn’t been on and the ____ were as cold as ice.Alright then，the supervisor started to walk around，____ everyone’s calculator to make sure they were “approved devices”(允許使用的工具)．
At around 8∶25，the test started.I was ____ my way through word problems，grammar sections，and reading and ____ sections.The supervisor kept walking around the room，___ each student’s extra pencils and ____ sharpening them for us.
I turned the ____ when instructed to，____ it wasn’t another math section and it wasn’t.It was a reading section——____！I started reading the excerpt(片段) given and was ____ to discover that it wasn’t a boring piece about astrology(星象) or biological science.____，it was an excerpt from a romantic novel.I became little ____ with reading it and at times I wanted to say “Aww” aloud.My heart was ____ swooning(沉醉) and I think I was ____.Hopefully I got the questions from that section ____ because I actually had fun answering them.Who knew the SAT could actually bring ____？
It was about 1∶00 p．m.when the test was over.I got out of the classroom with ____.As I was walking outside the building，I was thinking that the test was no longer a bitter ____ for the first time in my life.
小題1:
A．happinessB．nervousness
C．calmnessD．sadness
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)mazingB．disappointing
C．tiringD．freezing
小題3:
A．seatsB．walls
C．floorsD．hearts
小題4:
A．seeing B．taking
C．checkingD．preparing
小題5:
A．looking B．pacing
C．makingD．showing
小題6:
A．comprehensionB．thinking
C．guessingD．recitation
小題7:
A．bringing inB．putting down
C．picking upD．showing off
小題8:
A．kindlyB．slightly
C．directlyD．slowly
小題9:
A．doorB．direction
C．pencil D．page
小題10:
A．findingB．praying
C．decidingD．imagining
小題11:
A．terribleB．great
C．sure D．no
小題12:
A．frightened B．worried
C．shockedD．regretted
小題13:
A．HoweverB．Therefore
C．AlsoD．Rather
小題14:
A．carried awayB．worn out
C．tiredD．confused
小題15:
A．suddenlyB．totally
C．overD．a(chǎn)gain
小題16:
A．readingB．sleeping
C．smilingD．whispering
小題17:
A．rightB．ready
C．clearD．possible
小題18:
A．hope B．joy
C．interestD．trouble
小題19:
A．reliefB．hunger
C．strengthD．courage
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)ttemptB．fact
C．processD．experience

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Elena Kagan has reached a lifelong goal：becoming a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.The U．S. Senate confirmed Kagan on Thursday by a vote of 63­37.She replaces Justice John Paul Stevens，who retired in June.
Kagan will take a sacred oath(誓言) to uphold the Constitution of the United States on Saturday at a swearing­in ceremony.The new Justice will bring the number of women sitting on the nation’s highest court to three.Kagan joins Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor—all three New Yorkers.
Kagan is the fourth woman in history to sit on the Supreme Court.Justice Sandra Day O’Connor was the first female Justice.She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan and served from 1981 to 2006.
Kagan，who is 50 years old，is the second Justice appointed by President Barack Obama.(He appointed Justice Sotomayor in 2009.) Obama told reporters on Thursday that Kagan will make an “outstanding Justice who understands that her rulings affect people.” He also noted that the addition of another woman to the Supreme Court marks a sign of progress for the country.Obama and Kagan will celebrate her confirmation with a ceremony at the White House today.
Kagan has spent most of her adult life working with the law.She served in President Clinton’s administration as a legal adviser，was the head of Harvard Law School，and until her confirmation Thursday，was the U．S. Solicitor General—one of the most powerful lawyers in the federal government.Kagan was born in New York City.She grew up in an apartment on the Upper West side of Manhattan，the strong­willed，independent middle sister sandwiched between two brothers.
Kagan’s mother was a public school teacher who taught fifth and sixth grades.Her father was a lawyer.
The new Justice once wore a judge’s robe in a picture for her high­school yearbook.Now she’ll be wearing real ones as she and the other eight Justices decide some of the most important legal cases.
小題1:What can we infer according to Paragraph 1?
A．Elena Kagan has become the only female Justice of America.
B．It’s Kagan’s dream to be a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.
C．Kagan achieved this position in the election by beating John Paul Stevens.
D．It will take a long time for Kagan to become a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．To take the place of an old Justice，a Justice was elected by the Senate.
B．There will be four women working in the United States Supreme Court.
C．Kagan will take a sacred oath before taking part in the election.
D．No one but a New Yorker can be a Justice of the Supreme Court.
小題3:What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?
A．Kagan is a born lawyer.
B．It is about Kagan’s biography.
C．Kagan’s character is fit for her job.
D．Kagan has worked for two Presidents.
小題4:This text must be taken from ________.
A．a(chǎn) storybook
B．a(chǎn) textbook
C．a(chǎn) newspaper
D．a(chǎn) biography of famous people

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Finding true happiness is a universal aspiration (渴望). We all want it, but can we all have it? Genuine happiness is written all over our faces when we are truly contented, and, likewise, a forced smile does nothing to hide underlying sadness.
Believing that everyone can create their own lasting joy, Matthieu Richard has been declared the Happiest Man in the World. Richard earned his “happiest man” status after a series of laboratory tests in 2004. Richard has shared his thoughts on happiness with a worldwide audience. As an experienced speaker, he has explained his insights into happiness to everyone, from students to corporate groups. Looking inwards to find joy rather than relying on outer conditions, he believes, is the way to achieve well-being.
“It’s quite clear that the outer conditions are not enough. The way we interpret those outer conditions in our inner experience is what determines either a sense of well-being or misery. We love to go jogging for fitness and we do all kinds of things to remain beautiful, yet we spend surprisingly little time taking care of what matters most: the way our minds function. It’s the essential thing that determines the quality of our experience.” Besides this, Richard stresses that it is not what’s happening around us that makes us unhappy, but rather the way we choose to react to it.
The pursuit of happiness is becoming a modern obsession（癡迷）. As life becomes more complex, our ability to process our reactions to various outside influences comes under strain. “Genuine happiness” he says, “doesn’t mean pleasant feelings one after the other. It’s more like a series of qualities that we can develop as skills — like openness, genuine love, compassion, inner strength and inner peace.” 
小題1:Richard has been declared the Happiest Man in the World _______.
A．because he has shared his thoughts on happiness with a worldwide audience
B．a(chǎn)fter he has explained his insights into happiness to everyone
C．a(chǎn)fter a series of laboratory tests
D．because he tries his best to achieve happiness and well-being
小題2:According to Richard, what is the best way to achieve well-being?
A．Interpreting those outer conditions in our inner experience.
B．Looking inwards to find joy rather than relying on outer conditions.
C．Spending little time taking care of what matters most.
D．Reacting to various outside influences in the modern world.
小題3:What determines the quality of our experience?
A．The way our minds react to outer conditions.
B．Insights into happiness that we hold.
C．The constant pursuit of happiness in our life.
D．Those outer conditions affecting our happiness.
小題4:How can we pursuit happiness?
A．Go jogging for happiness.
B．Do everything to remain beautiful.
C．Make sure that our minds are functioning normally.
D．Develop necessary qualities.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

   Many people think a telephone is essential. But I think it is a pest and a time waster. Very often you find it impossible to escape from some idle or curious chatter-box, or from somebody who wants something for nothing. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are taking your bath. Are you strong minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself,“Ah, well, it will all be the same in a hundred years’ time” You are not. You think there may be some important news or messages for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Have you never rushed dripping from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?
But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only usable for outgoing calls. Besides, you will say, isn’t it important to have a telephone in case of emergency—illness, an accident, or fire? Of course, you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like England one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity.
I think perhaps I had better try to justify myself by trying to prove that what I like is good. I admit that in different circumstances—if I were a tycoon(business VIP),for instance, or bed ridden I might find a telephone essential. But then if I were a taxi-driver I should find a car essential.
Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to show particular talent; one is mechanical invention, the other is literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them. For I have just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it. After all, one never knows, it may be something important.
小題1:The passage is mainly discussing _______.
A．that we should be strong enough to ignore a phone call
B．that important message will reach you sooner or later
C．whether it’s necessary to answer all phone calls
D．whether it is necessary to have a telephone
小題2:Judging from the passage, who is strong-minded enough to ignore a phone call?
A．The author.B．A tycoon.
C．A taxi-driver.D．Hardly anyone.
小題3:According to the passage, the author________.
A．thinks the telephone should go out of our life
B．likes to be different from other people
C．thinks the telephone is annoying
D．speaks favourably of a telephone
小題4:In the author’s opinion, which of the following is NOT true?
A．Nearly everyone has been told a wrong number.
B．It’s necessary for everyone to have a telephone.
C．He himself can not decide whether to answer a call.
D．A telephone directory may bring in unexpected calls.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It was about the third week in June last year. My 15­year­old son had already settled into his summer routine：Go to   ____   at 2 a. m. and wake up at 1 p．m. only to get back on his computer to play computer games  ___  dinner.
It was the middle of the   ____  when the sound of his computer games woke me up again. I couldn't  ___  that any more and decided it was time for him to get a summer job. I got on the computer and found a lifeguard certification class that   ____  the next day, and a company that   ____  teenagers to guard their pools.
From that day I woke him up at 8 a．m. every day for him to   ____  the class. At first, he continued to complain that I was  ____  his summer. But by the end of the week, he was actually   ____  going. He learned something about first aid, figured he really could  ____  someone from drowning, and got some ideas on how to  ____  work for a living.
Two weeks later, he had a  ____  as a lifeguard. He took his responsibility very  ____  and never went to work late. This summer, he will be working full­time at a pool. He says a lot of his  ____  don't have jobs. And I say that is because their mothers didn't try   ____  enough! Even if your kid is super  ____  with finals and after­school activities and doesn't have time, you can  ____  job information for him.
Whether it is an ice cream store, a movie   ____， or a summer camp, you can ask if they are hiring  ___  for the summer. After your kid gets a job, pay attention to the  ____  to make sure he is never late.
小題1:
A．schoolB．study
C．bedD．work
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)roundB．until
C．a(chǎn)fterD．during
小題3:
A．nightB．noon
C．morningD．a(chǎn)fternoon
小題4:
A．watchB．a(chǎn)ppreciate
C．noticeD．stand
小題5:
A．lastedB．rested
C．startedD．developed
小題6:
A．hiredB．forced
C．persuadedD．force
小題7:
A．giveB．a(chǎn)ttend
C．observeD．help
小題8:
A．designedB．ruining
C．enjoyingD．joining
小題9:
A．looking intoB．looking out of
C．looking down uponD．looking forward to
小題10:
A．recognizeB．conduct
C．saveD．buy
小題11:
A．roughlyB．luckily
C．a(chǎn)ctuallyD．suddenly
小題12:
A．jobB．problem
C．goalD．reward
小題13:
A．slowlyB．seriously
C．calmlyD．quickly
小題14:
A．teachersB．colleagues
C．studentsD．friends
小題15:
A．hardB．fast
C．earlyD．directly
小題16:
A．clearB．excited
C．busyD．disappointed
小題17:
A．write downB．think about
C．wait forD．search for
小題18:
A．theatreB．square
C．parkD．factory
小題19:
A．expertsB．foreigners
C．teenagersD．villagers
小題20:
A．habitB．schedule
C．traditionD．determination

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year’s list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society.
Jennifer Egan’s book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends.
The main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality.
Two of the most popular non­fiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced.
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Stacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.
小題1:The following books are related to music EXCEPT________.
A．The ImperfectionistsB．A Visit from the Goon Squad
C．Just KidsD．Life
小題2:If your major is the history of ancient Africa, you may pay attention to ________.
A．Freedom by Jonathan Franzen
B．Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand
C．The Imperfections by Tom Rachman
D．Cleopatra: A Life by Stacy Schiff
小題3:Which book will give you a practical understanding of the USA?
A．LifeB．Cleopatra: A Life
C．FreedomD．A Visit from the Goon Squad
小題4:The last sentence of the passage implies that ________.
A．Stacy Schiff is an archaeologist
B．the critic finds the character in the book very real
C．the critic speaks highly of Cleopatra in history
D．Stacy Schiff tells a story about an imaginary Egyptian queen

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