Deception (騙術(shù)）is something that people do all the time ,and it plays an important role in military (軍事的)strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.
At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin , a professor at the School of interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果）.Squirrels will hide their food m a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a fake location.
Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者）” machine by doing what εi squirrel does： showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.
The team also looked at how other animals in this case，a species of bird called Arabian babbler~ drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打）wings and making noises. The babblers don’t ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off； they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn’t worth it
They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it’s best to back off . Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn’t have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.
The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a fake trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.
小題1:Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels’trick?
A．It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy.
B．It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous.
C．It can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources.
D．It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.
小題2:Which of the following is NOT the way Arabian babblers drive off predators?
A．One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it
B．They fight the enemy bravely face to face.
C．They make noises and flaps around the predator.
D．They force the predator aware that it isn't worthwhile to attack.
小題3:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Animals' behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots.
B．Robots, fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals’behaviors.
C．Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception.
D．Researchers are interested m animals’military-related behaviors.

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A

試題分析：本文主要講述的就是把動物的騙術(shù)行為用在軍事的研究方面。文章中講述了具體的研究信息。
小題1:C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段It could lead an enemy down a fake trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.說明C項內(nèi)容與之相符，故C正確。
小題2:B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后三行The babblers don’t ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off； they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn’t worth it說明the babblers并沒有攻擊robots，故B項說法是錯誤的。
小題3:A 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段內(nèi)容Deception (騙術(shù)）is something that people do all the time ,and it plays an important role in military (軍事的)strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.可知本文主要講述的就是把動物的這種行為用在軍事的研究方面，故A正確。
點評：本文主要講述的就是把動物的騙術(shù)行為用在軍事的研究方面。這篇文章要先看問題，再帶著問題仔細閱讀短文，理解了全文內(nèi)容，很容易選出正確答案。閱讀短文時，常常會遇到一些生詞。這時，要沉著，冷靜，細心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通過對全篇短文的理解，就很有可能猜測出生詞的大意。另外，還可以從含有生詞句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之間的關(guān)系來判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含義。猜測生詞的另一種方法是，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測。遇到生詞后，可從構(gòu)詞法角度分析判斷生詞。
練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Divorces in Japan have more than doubled, according to health ministry statistics. One in three Japanese marriages now ends in divorce.
Atsuko Okano was in one of those failed marriages. Three years ago, she found herself alone in her 30s, with children to raise and a future full of question marks and social shame. But she also saw an opening, and became an advisor helping people like herself.
“My husband was cheating on me,” she recalled. ‘I did everything to bring him back to me but it didn’t work, so I dumped him.” Such frankness is a major characteristic of Japan’s recently divorced.
Divorced people – particularly woman – have long been looked down upon in Japan, where self-sacrifice and family stability are regarded as ideals. In the past, bored housewives remained bored. The security of the family unit was the most important thing. Now, young Japanese are increasingly choosing satisfaction in life over the demands of tradition, and more woman are financially independent. As a result, Japanese divorce rates are flying. Experts attribute this to the erosion of a long-standing double standard that granted divorced men respectability, but branded(gave somebody a bad name) divorced women as damaged goods.
Over the past decade, growing numbers of highly educated and successful professional women have challenged that assumption(something taken for granted) by turning their backs on unhappy marriages and paying no attention to the taboo（禁忌）of divorce. The majority of divorce behavior now is started by women.
小題1:This passage mainly talks about the fact that nowadays Japanese women _________.
A．a(chǎn)re granted respectability after they get divorced
B．a(chǎn)re becoming brave enough to challenge the taboo of divorce
C．still consider the security of the family unit to be very important
D．a(chǎn)re becoming more financially independent
小題2:It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Atsuko Okano __________.
A．had some children to raise
B．was very confident with her future
C．was not greatly respected by Japanese society
D．might have found a job to help divorced people
小題3:The underlined word “dumped” in paragraph 3 probably means _________.
A．looked down upon
B．had a quarrel with
C．hated
D．divorced
小題4:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for rising rate of Japanese divorces?
A．Self-sacrifice and family stability are not much appreciated in Japan as before.
B．More women can support themselves financially.
C．Divorced men and women can quickly find their new partners
D．Young Japanese care more about satisfaction in life than their elders did.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The United States has about 475,000 school buses ---all painted yellow.Each day they carry more than 25,000,000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country.But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel (柴油) fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers.When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally.The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June.
Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council.He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay.As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs.Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled (取消).Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels.Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams.And some school districts (地區(qū)) may end any bus service not required by law.
Studies show that school buses are the safest form of transportation to and from school.The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment.It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students.Spokesman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance.
But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school.And that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School.More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a three-year-old federal program, part of an international movement.The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution.The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October the eighth this year.But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day.
小題1:What does this passage mainly tell us?
A．High fuel prices’ influences on school buses.
B．New measures to transport school students.
C．The safest form of student transportation.
D．The origin of Walk to School Day.
小題2:Which of the following information is implied in the first paragraph?
A．There are too many school buses in the United States.
B．There are too many students in the US.
C．Diesel prices are going up too rapidly in the US.
D．School buses consume too much diesel in the US.
小題3:What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Cuts in bus service will have negative results.
B．The US government is encouraging cuts in bus services.
C．The US schools are searching for the safest transportation means.
D．Reducing bus service will do a lot of good to the environment.
小題4:The National Center for Safe Routes to school encourages more children to walk or bike to school in order to ____.
A.save more fuels and diesel for the country
B.keep the children safe on their way to school
D.keep the children healthy and the environment clean.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Old age may not sound exciting. But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older.
Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.
The findings came from a survey of more than three hundred forty thousand adults in the United States. The Gallup Organization questioned them by telephone in two thousand eight. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five.
The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five.
The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.
Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.
The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
小題1: What is the report about?
A．The relationship between happiness and age.
B．The influence between happiness and unemployment.
C．The tendency between family and health.
D．The expectation between age and children.
小題2:Suppose John is 90 years old and Mike is 24, which of the following is True about them according to the research?
A．John is happier and more energetic than Mike.
B．Mike is happier but weaker than John.
C．John is more sad and worried than Mike.
D．Mike is more worried and depressed than John.
小題3: One of the possible reasons why the older one gets, the happier one becomes is that _______.
A．they have had enough bad experiences
B．they become more grateful about the things they own
C．they have found it easy to forget their pains and pressures
D．they have lost their ability to control themselves
小題4: Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Having young children affects the levels of happiness of the old.
B．Emotional patterns can change the physical structures of human’s brains.
C．It’s reported that women at all ages are happier than men.
D．Why happiness increases as people get older is still an unsolved mystery.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空



Beware of those who use the truth to deceive. When someone tells you something that is   36   , but leaves out important information that should be     37  , he can create a false impression.
For example, someone might say, “I just    38    a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and     39   it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner,    40  ? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred     41    , and only one was a winner. He’s really a big     42   !
He didn’t say anything that was    43   , but he deliberately left out some important  44  . That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically     45  , but they are just as not   46    .
Untrustworthy candidates in     47    campaigns often use this tactic（策略，手段）. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and   48   three million jobs. Then she    49    another term. One of her opponents runs an ad    50  , “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true.    51   , an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of   52   million jobs.”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s    53   the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the    54   . An ad might boast, “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples.” It     55   to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
小題1:
A．false B．trueC．interestingD．boring
小題2:
A．includedB．containedC．involvedD．referred
小題3:
A．lostB．foundC．donatedD．won
小題4:
A．changedB．tookC．turnedD．made
小題5:
A．rightB．wellC．reallyD．though
小題6:
A．booksB．papersC．tickets D．balls
小題7:
A．winnerB．loserC．fighterD．thinker
小題8:
A．trueB．realC．doubtfulD．false
小題9:
A．detailsB．informationC．mistakesD．errors
小題10:
A．storiesB．truthC．factsD．lies
小題11:
A．pleasantB．excitingC．honestD．clever
小題12:
A．politicalB．commercialC．personalD．public
小題13:
A．stoppedB．foundC．a(chǎn)voidedD．gained
小題14:
A．seeks B．getsC．a(chǎn)chievesD．searches
小題15:
A．writingB．readingC．saying D．speaking
小題16:
A．OtherwiseB．However C．In factD．This way
小題17:
A．oneB．two C．threeD．four
小題18:
A．forB．toC．a(chǎn)gainst D．in
小題19:
A．wordsB．factsC．dataD．truth
小題20:
A．fails B．triesC．managesD．plans

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys’ and girls’ toy preferences may have a biological origin.
In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
小題1:Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________
A．a(chǎn)re passed down from their parents
B．a(chǎn)re largely formed in later life
C．have nothing to do with gender socialization
D．have a biological origin
小題2:The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________
A．a(chǎn)lso have a sex typical toy preference
B．a(chǎn)lso play toys as humans do
C．have no toy preferences
D．like to play different toys at different time
小題3:Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________
A．find more evidence for traditional sociology
B．test the intelligence of monkeys
C．test whether monkeys like to play toys
D．find out why boys and girls prefer different toys
小題4:According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, _______
A．only the male monkeys showed interest
B．the female monkeys showed more interest
C．the male and female monkeys showed the same interest
D．neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Until late in the 20th century, most Americans spent time with people of generations. Now mid-aged Americans may not keep in touch with old people until they are old themselves.That’s because we group people by age. We put our three-year-olds together in day-care center, our 13-year-olds in school and sports activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes. Why?
We live away from the old for many reasons: young people sometimes avoid the old to get rid of fears for aging and dying. It is much harder to watch .someone we love disappear before our eyes. Sometimes it’s so hard that we stay away from the people who need us most.
Fortunately, .some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young.
A reporter moved her family onto a block filled with old people. At first her children were disappointed. But the reporter baked banana bread for the neighbours and had her children deliver it and visit. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they shared food, stories and projects. “My children have never been less lonely,” the reporter said.
The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a rest home when a visitor showed up with a baby. She was immediately surrounded. People who hadn’t gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed asleep wake up to watch the child. Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure.
Grandparents are a special case. They give grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband put it, “my grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end.”
Grandchildren speak of attention they don’t get from worried parents. “My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to slow down,” one friend said. A teacher told me she can tell which pupils have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer, more trusting.
小題1:Now in an American family, people can find that ____.
A．children never live with their parents
B．not all working people live with their parents
C．a(chǎn)ged people are supported by their grandchildren
D．grandchildren are supported by their grandparents
小題2:The reason why old people are left alone may be that ____.
A．the old don’t like to live in a big family
B．the young can’t get enough money to support the old
C．different generations have different lifestyles
D．the old are too weak to live with the young
小題3:The fact that the reporter told us shows that ___.
A．old people in America lead a hard life
B．old people in America enjoy banana bread
C．she had no time to take care of her children
D．old people are easy to get along with
小題4:Seeing a baby, the old people get excited because ____.
A．they had never seen a baby before
B．the baby was clever and beautiful
C．the baby brought them the image of life
D．the baby’s mother would take care of them
小題5:Why do children not get attention from their parents?
A．Because they often make trouble and make their parents disappointed.
B．Because their parents are too busy to take care of them.
C．Because their parents have to take care of their grandparents.
D．Because their parents have been out of work for a long time.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Convention(公約)concerning the protection of world cultural and natural heritage appeared from a need to call for international cooperation to protect the world's natural and scenic areas and historic sites for present and the future generations.
In 1959 there was international concern over the flooding of the Abu Simbel temples, a treasure of ancient Egyptian civilization, to build the Aswan High Dam in Egypt. Through an international campaign by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) on the request of Egypt and Sudan, resources were found to move the temples to a new site. In 1965,a conference at the White House in Washington DC, USA called for a "World Heritage Trust" and international cooperation to protect "the world's superb natural and scenic areas and historic sites for the present and the future". In 1969, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) developed similar proposals for its members .Therefore, the Convention was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972. By regarding heritage as both cultural and natural, the Convention reminds us of the ways in which people interact with nature , and of the basic need to keep the balance between the two.
The Convention identifies the natural or cultural sites on the World Heritage List, and sets out their role in protecting them .Although the emphasis has been on sites and natural features of "outstanding universal value", each country promises not only to conserve the World Heritage sites situated in its country, but also to protect and conserve its cultural and natural heritage.
There is also a "List of World Heritage in Danger" which are sites threatened by serious and specific dangers caused by changes in the use or ownership of the land , wars or natural disasters.
小題1:What is the purpose of the World Heritage Convention according to the passage?
A．To call for international cooperation to help poor people.
B．To protect the world's natural and cultural heritage.
C．To save the natural resouces for next generation in the world.
D．To raise money for the endangered heritage in the world.
小題2:What can we infer from the second paragraph in the passage?
A．The history of the UNESCO is very long.
B．The World Heritage Convention is not accepted by people.
C．The Abu Simbel temples in Egypt are moved to a new site.
D．The adoption of the World Heritage Convention takes al long time.
小題3:The last two paragraphs mainly tell us __________.
A．the detailed purpose of the World Heritage Convention
B．how to make a list of world heritage in danger
C．how to make a world heritage list
D．the importance of making two lists
小題4:Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined word "conserve"?
A．Pretend.B．Prevent.C．Preserve.D．Prepare.
小題5:According to Paragraph 4, there are many sites in danger for reasons EXCEPT________.
A．a(chǎn)buse of landB．conflictsC．lack of moneyD．natural disasters

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The royal family is a part of British history and cultural identity.
Up until the 17th century, people believed that the British king or queen had a “divine(天賜的)right” to rule. This was the idea that God chose the king or queen and that he or she was therefore above the law. However, this idea was challenged during the English Civil War, when King Charles the First was put in prison and then killed in 1649.
So what role does the British royal family have today?
The Queen is head of the UK and the Commonwealth. She has important formal duties that go with her different titles. As Head of State, for example, she represents the UK on visits abroad and invites other world leaders to visit the UK；as Head of the Armed Forces in name, only she can declare when the UK is at war or when a war is over. She has to sign many government and Commonwealth documents every day.
Although the royal family does the work for the UK, there are British people called“anti-monarchists(反君主制者)”who do not believe there should be a royal family. One criticism(批評意見)is that the British people should not have to pay for the royal family with their taxes(稅).
Today, the royal family works hard to be relevant(相關(guān)的)in the modern world. The Queen still gives a speech to the nation on television at Christmas, but it gets less and less formal every year；now it is even available as a podcast(播客).
In 2005, after graduating from university, Prince William spent time teaching English in Uruguay, the sort of work many ordinary young British people do in their gap years.
小題1:What can be concluded from the first two paragraphs?
A．The British king or queen is considered above the law.
B．The English Revolution put an end to the British royal family in 1649.
C．The British king or queen is no longer believed to rule by divine right.
D．The royal family didn’t play an important role in Britain in the 17 th century.
小題2:Which of the following is among the formal duties of the Queen?
A．Traveling around the UK.
B．Declaring when the world is at war.
C．Inviting other leaders to have dinner with her.
D．Signing Commonwealth documents every day.
小題3:With the example of Prince William in the last paragraph, the author intends to show that         .
A．Prince William is very popular in the UK
B．the royal family is trying to connect better with ordinary people
C．Prince William has made an effort to win young people’s admiration
D．many young British people do voluntary work
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A．the royal family doesn’t have to pay taxes
B．the British people are all in favor of the royal family
C．the British people can talk to the Queen through a podcast
D．the royal family attacks republicans through media and press

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案