Between 1918 and 1938, many new stations were constructed,__________ was designed by an architect named Charles Holden.

A. the most famous of which

B. the most famous of them

C. the most famous of whom

D. and the most famous of which

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Virtual (虛擬) Teams

Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time．1.This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence，or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel．

Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams．2. It is the way the team members communicate．They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies，such as emails，faxes，and teleconferences，and alike．Due to more limited communication channels，the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on，what people are selected，and how the team is managed．

3. One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work．That is to say，when each person’s work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment，like in a sports team，there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time，and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time．

Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment．4.Another important quality is communication skills．The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively．

Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals，performance standards，and communication rules．People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other．5.

One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members．Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team．The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence．

A．Yet，there is one significant difference．

B．Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team．

C．A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on．

D．The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently．

E．Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs．

F．Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face．

G．To avoid misunderstanding，clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary．

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People who do not smoke have less ______of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.

A. potential B. pattern

C. preference D. prejudice

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第一次診斷性考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

A

Starting in 1972，the National Park Service established a policy for forest fires called Natural Burn．It was acknowledged that some forest fires，such as those which were caused by lighthing were necessary for forests to maintain(保持)balanced ecosystems，so the fire should be allowed to burn．However， a big fire in Yellowstone National Park in 1988 caused this policy to be abandbned since the fire was initially（最初）allowed to burn yet soon out of contro1．As a result，the fire of 1988 destroyed much of Yellowstone，which is America’s oldest and most beloved national park．Massive areas of plants were destroyed，and large empty spaces and acres of burned and blackened trees greeted visitors．The rivers and streams were choked with ash，and the ecosystem of the park was changed beyond repair．

In addition，great numbers of animals were killed by the fires that burned out of control. The fires were driven by high winds，moving as many as ten miles a day．Many small animals died in the flames．The fires’rapid advances gave the wildlife little chance to escape．Even today，few of these small forest animals have returned to live in the park. In the years immediately following the fires，the numbers of visitors declined. rapidly．No one was interested in seeing a blackened and treeless park on vacation．Yellowstone had previously been famous for its amazing views and unique geological formations such as the geyser(噴泉) Old Faithful．But now its reputation as America's wonder is damaged permanently．

1.Natural Burn was adopted because some forest fires were ______________

A. hard to put out

B．started by lightning

C. good for the balance of nature

D．a(chǎn)pproved by National Park Service

2.The big fire in Yellowstone in 1988 _______________．

A．became out of control at first

B．brought the natural burn policy to an end

C．was allowed to burn continuously

D．destroyed the park completely

3.Why were so many animals killed in the big fire?

A． Because winds were blown from high places．

B． Because the animals moved only ten miles a day．

C． Because the animals lived in lower places．

D. Because strong winds contributed to the fire a lot．

4.Yellowstone was famous for its ______________．

A．rare animals

B．unique plants

C．beautiful scenery

D．1ittle streams

5.The text probably comes from _____________．

A．a(chǎn) geography magazine

B．a(chǎn) news report

C．a(chǎn) commercial ad

D．a(chǎn) science fiction

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_____________ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.

A．Whichever B．Whatever C．However D．Whoever

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閱讀理解

After a terrible electrical accident, which caused him to become both blind and deaf, the whole world became completely dark and quiet for Robert Edwards for almost ten years. The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life. His family, especially his wife, did their best to tend and comfort him and finally he regained the will to live.

One hot summer afternoon, he was taking a walk with a stick near his house when a thunderstorm started all at once. He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by the lightning. Witnesses thought he was dead but he woke up some 20 minutes later lying face down in muddy water at the base of the tree. He was trembling badly, but when he opened his eyes, he could hardly believe what he saw: a plough and a wall. When Mrs. Edwards came running up to him, shouting to their neighbors to call for help, he could see her and hear her voice for the first time in nearly ten years.

The news of Robert regaining his sight and hearing quickly spread, and many doctors came to examine him. Most of them said that he regained his sight and hearing from the shock he got from the lightning. However, none of them could give a convincing answer as to why this should have happened. The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since Robert lost his sight and hearing as a result of a sudden shock, perhaps, the only way for him to regain them was by another sudden shock.

1.The reason for Robert’s attempts to kill himself was that _________.

A. a terrible traffic accident happened to him

B. he had to live in a dark and silent world

C. he was struck by the lightning once more

D. nobody in the world cared about him

2.What was Robert doing when he was struck by the lightning?

A. Sheltering from the rain under a tree.

B. Driving a car.

C. Taking a walk with a stick.

D. Lying on the ground.

3.We can infer from the text that ________.

A. there was no accurate explanation for Robert’s recovery

B. many doctors came because Robert was badly injured

C. Robert’s wife sent for doctors immediately after the shock

D. a sudden injury in the head led to Robert’s recovery

4.What’s the best title of the whole passage?

A Terrible Electrical Accident

B. Robert Edwards and His Wife

C. What a Sudden Shock

D. An Unforgettable Experience

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Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_______.

A. wash B. washed C. washing D. to wash

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閱讀表達(dá)(共5小題；滿分10分)

Statuses(身份) are part of human inventions that help us get along with one another and determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our daily routines, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, and so on.

The statuses we take often vary with the people we meet and change throughout life. Most of us can quickly adjust our statuses that various situations or occasions require. Most of social interaction(互動(dòng)) consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to take their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of judgment. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.

A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric (衣料). But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook(錢包). Having made a choice within these limits we can make certain changes, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks(衣架). Statues too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.

1.What is the function of statuses ? (not more than 15 words)

2.What do we do as the situation changes? (not more than 5 words)

3.In Paragraph 2 which word do you think can replace “identifying”? (1 word)

4.Besides society what are the other two factors (因素)that limit our choice of statuses? (not more than 3 words)

5.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (not more than 7 words)

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1.What can we infer from the conversation between the woman and the recorder at the beginning of the passage?

A．The woman felt ashamed to admit what her job was．

B．The recorder was impatient and rude．

C．Motherhood was not recognized and respected as a job by society．

D．The author was upset about the situation that mothers faced．

2.How did the female clerk feel at first when the author told her occupation?

A．Puzzled． B．Curious．

C．Upset． D．Frightened．

3.How did the author feel when describing her job to the clerk?

A．Angry． B．Calm．

C．Unconfident． D．Annoyed．

4.Why did the woman clerk show more respect for the author?

A．Because the author cared little about rewards．

B．Because she admired the author's research work in the lab．

C．Because the author did something she had little knowledge of．

D．Because she thought the author did admirable work．

5.What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?

A．To show that motherhood is a worthy career and deserves respect．

B．To show how you describe your job affects your feelings toward it．

C．To show that the author had a grander job than Emily．

D．To show that being a mother is hard and boring work．

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