Question

【題目】There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.

Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate (中等), and native speaking students.

To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.

Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.

【1】 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.

B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.

C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long term memory.

D. Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.

【2】 From Henning's result we can see that ______.

A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words

B. advanced students always remember words by their meaning

C. it is difficult to remember words that sound alike

D. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning

【3】 The word "subject" in the passage means ______.

A. memory

B. the theme of listening material

C. a branch of knowledge studied

D. the student experimented on

【4】The passage centers on ______.

A. memory B. two kinds of memory

C. short-term memory D. an experiment on student

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

試題分析：有兩種記憶：短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了研究短時(shí)記憶的情況。

【1】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, 有兩種記憶：短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶。處于長(zhǎng)期記憶中的信息，在后來需要的時(shí)候能夠回想起來。這一信息可以保持?jǐn)?shù)天或數(shù)周。然而，短時(shí)記憶中的信息只能保持三兩秒鐘。故選A。

【2】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Henning'的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：初學(xué)者能把單詞的聲音保持短期記憶，而程度高的學(xué)生能把詞匯的意義保持短期記憶。也就是說初學(xué)者在辨別單詞發(fā)音上有困難。故選A。

【3】D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, 開頭，先讓受試者們聽一段以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人所朗讀的一小段英文文章的錄音。聽了錄音以后接著讓受試者參加一次共15個(gè)問題的考試，看看他們都記住了哪些生詞。每個(gè)問題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)。受試者必須圈出他們?cè)阡浺糁兴�聽到的單詞。根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容可知“subject”在文中的意思是“被測(cè)試的人，也就是受試者”，D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【4】C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.下面的試驗(yàn)表明了研究短時(shí)記憶的情況。故選C。

【學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】

猜測(cè)詞義題。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。做這種類型的題，要根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語(yǔ)境來判斷其意義。我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語(yǔ)境想當(dāng)然。在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境所表示的關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。比如，第27小題，D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, 開頭，先讓受試者們聽一段以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人所朗讀的一小段英文文章的錄音。聽了錄音以后接著讓受試者參加一次共15個(gè)問題的考試，看看他們都記住了哪些生詞。每個(gè)問題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)。受試者必須圈出他們?cè)阡浺糁兴�聽到的單詞。根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容可知“subject”在文中的意思是“被測(cè)試的人，也就是受試者”，D項(xiàng)符合題意。