Question

【題目】Airplane emissions are a big problem for the climate—and steadily rising. Experts predict that aircraft emissions will triple（增三倍）by 2050 as demand for flights increases. To prevent this terrible situation, a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, along with government and industry partners, is attempting to completely redesign airplanes.

Their idea, called the “double-bubble” D8, could significantly reduce plane’s carbon footprint and improve fuel efficiency if confirmed in full-scale tests. It involves major changes to the standard 180-passenger Being 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft.

The most significant change, though, is where the engines are fixed. Air slows down as it flows over the top of a traditional plane, thus creating drag and making the craft less efficient. But the D8 design moves the jet’s engines from their usual spot underneath the wings to the top of the plane’s body, by the tail—where they suck in and speed up the slow layer of air, greatly reducing drag.

These changes would make the aircraft use 37 percent less fuel than a typical passenger jet. The experts have already built and tested an 11th-scale model of the aircraft in a NASA wind tunnel. Combining the new design with future technological advances could further reduce fuel use and finally add up to 66 percent in fuel savings in two decades.

Other experts note that the D8’s develops must still overcome economic difficulties while ensuring that the engines are strong enough to handle the new design. Still, “it’s a very remarkable idea and design,” says Brian J. German, an aerospace engineer at the Georgia Institute of Technology, who was not involved in the work. The experts are now exploring the development of a half-scale model plane. If the effort succeeds, travelers may fly in one of these jets as soon as possible.

【1】Why are airplane emissions steadily rising?

A. Because of the special climate. B. Because of designing new airplanes.

C. Because of the increasing flights. D. Because of the development of industry.

【2】What are the most obvious changes of the new airplanes?

A. Their engine shape. B. Their engine weight.

C. Their engine position. D. Their engine power.

【3】How do the experts reduce pollution from planes?

A. Using 11th-scale models. B. Saving energy.

C. Inventing stronger engines. D. Improving typical passenger jets.

【4】How is the new plane progressing?

A. It meets with economic difficulty. B. It is at the laboratory stage.

C. It may fly as soon as possible. D. It is testing with its new engine.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

本文為說明文。飛機(jī)排放是氣候的一個(gè)大問題，而且正在穩(wěn)步上升。隨著航班需求的增加，飛機(jī)排放量將增加2050倍。為了防止這種可怕的情況，麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家，以及政府和工業(yè)合作伙伴，正試圖完全重新設(shè)計(jì)飛機(jī)。這種新飛機(jī)涉及到兩種形式，最大的變化是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)固定的位置改變了，節(jié)省了燃料，這種飛機(jī)還在實(shí)驗(yàn)中。

【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Airplane emissions are a big problem for the climate—and steadily rising. Experts predict that aircraft emissions will triple（增三倍）by 2050 as demand for flights increases. 飛機(jī)排放正在穩(wěn)步上升。專家預(yù)測(cè)，隨著航班需求的增加，飛機(jī)排放量將增加2050倍。由此可知，飛機(jī)排放上升的原因就是飛機(jī)航班的增加，故選C項(xiàng)。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二The most significant change, though, is where the engines are fixed可知，最顯著的變化是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)固定的位置因此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Combining the new design with future technological advances could further reduce fuel use and finally add up to 66 percent in fuel savings in two decades.可知，將新的設(shè)計(jì)與未來的技術(shù)進(jìn)步相結(jié)合，可以進(jìn)一步減少燃料的使用，并最終在20年內(nèi)節(jié)省66%的燃料節(jié)省。因?yàn)槿剂显谌紵龝r(shí)才能打排放，才會(huì)污染。所以減少了燃料的燃燒就減少了污染。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)正確。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段The experts have already built and tested an 11th-scale model of the aircraft in a NASA wind tunnel….以及最后一段 Other experts note that the D8’s develops must still overcome economic difficulties while ensuring that the engines are strong enough to handle the new design. Still, “it’s a very remarkable idea and design,”… The experts are now exploring the development of a half-scale model plane. If the effort succeeds, travelers may fly in one of these jets as soon as possible. 專家們已經(jīng)在NASA風(fēng)洞中建造并測(cè)試了第十一型號(hào)的飛機(jī)…. D8的發(fā)展仍然必須克服經(jīng)濟(jì)困難…. 如果努力成功，旅行者可能很快在噴氣式飛機(jī)中飛行…。文中所用的詞，在在NASA風(fēng)洞中建造并測(cè)試模型，如果成功的話…..等，由此可推斷出，這種新飛機(jī)還在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，故選B項(xiàng)。

推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。做好該題型要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”。推理判斷題常�？梢苑譃槿缦聨最悾海�1）細(xì)節(jié)推斷。如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系等，如第1小題。（2）邏輯推斷。根據(jù)已知的結(jié)果推斷導(dǎo)致結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的可能原因；如第3小題。（3）目的、意圖、態(tài)度推斷。根據(jù)文章的論述，推斷作者的寫作目的以及作者情感態(tài)度；（4）預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷。文章沒有明確說明，要求根據(jù)語篇對(duì)文章可能涉及的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)判斷。如第4小題。