20．People who smoke could lose around one third of their everyday memory，researchers say．
A study by a team at the University of Northumbria has shown that smokers lose more of their memory when compared to non-smokers．And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers．
The study involved more than seventy 18-to 25-year-old volunteers and included a tour of the university's campus．Those who took part were asked to recall（回憶；回想）small details，such as music acts listed to play at the students'union and tasks completed at various points---known as a real-world memory test．
Smokers performed badly，remembering just 59percent of tasks．But those who had given up smoking remembered 74percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81percent of tasks．
Dr．Tom Heffernan，who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group，said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns．He said，"Given that there are up to 10million smokers in the UK and as many as 45million in America，it's important to understand the effects that smoking has on everyday cognitive function．"
This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an effect on memory．We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits to the body，but this study also shows how stopping smoking can bring a series of benefits to cognitive function．The research will now investigate the effects of second-hand smoking on memory，while Dr．Heffernan will look into third-hand smoking，such as toxins （毒素） left on curtains and furniture．
45．What would be the best title for the passage？C
A．The Effects That Smoking Has on Health
B．New Research on Third-Hand Smoking
C．Smokers Have Much Worse Everyday Memory
D．Anti-Smoking Campaigns Are Active Around the World
46．The underlined words，"kicked the habit"，in the second paragraph can be replaced by"A"．
A．giving up smoking
B．smoked at times
C．smoked regularly
D．hated smoking
47．What was the real-world memory test like？D
A．It needed young volunteers to complete some tasks．
B．It was about making a tour of the university's campus．
C．It needed volunteers to act at the students'union．
D．It involved a tour and a process of recalling some details．
48．We can learn from the passage thatB．
A．America has twice as many smokers as the UK
B．the research findings will help anti-smoking campaigns
C．the effects of second-hand smoking on memory have been found by the study
D．those who have stopped smoking have as good a memory as non-smokers．
分析 本文講述的是抽煙對人的記憶力影響的實驗，想通過這個實驗來告訴人們，抽煙的危害．
解答 B 篇45---48 CADB
45 C 主旨大意題．根據(jù)文章的主題段第一段People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory，researchers say．說明抽煙的人容易遺忘，這就是文章的主題，故C項正確．
46．A 詞義猜測題 根據(jù)第二段第二句And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers．研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些戒煙者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回憶信息的能力恢復(fù)到了和不吸煙者相近的水平，recollect information restored 是關(guān)鍵詞，可知劃線詞的意思是：放棄吸煙，故選A
47．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第三段The study involved more than seventy 18-to 25-year-old volunteers and included a tour of the university's campus．Those who took part were asked to recall（回憶；回想）small details，such as music acts listed to play at the students'union and tasks completed at various points---known as a real-world memory test．參與該研究的是70多名18到25歲的青年，他們在該大學(xué)校園中游覽了一番，研究人員請那些參與者回憶一些細(xì)節(jié)，如學(xué)生會演出的音樂劇目和在不同時間和地點完成的任務(wù)，這就是所謂的"真實世界記憶測試"，故選D
48．B 推理判斷題 根據(jù)第五段第一句Dr．Tom Heffernan，who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group，said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns．諾森比亞大學(xué)的毒品和酒精共同研究小組的領(lǐng)頭人湯姆赫夫南博士說這些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于反吸煙活動的開展．
點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點．
