The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
　　Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
　　The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is very positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
　　In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
　　Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
　　The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
小題1:What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A．It has produced positive results.
B．It is a highly profitable industry.
C．It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
D．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
小題2:What does the word “underline” mean (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A．point outB．lay emphasis onC．pay no attention to D．take for granted
小題3: Which of the following is TRUE about the Canadian researchers’ study?
A．Encouraging positive thinking many do more good than harm.
B．Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood.
C．There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
D．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
小題4:What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
B．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
C．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.

小題1:C
小題1:B
小題1:D
小題1:A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心課程)，but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance(忍耐力). In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life for the rest of their life.
Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block (砧板), cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have showed how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country (越野)than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because some reluctant（不情愿的）students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a small percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.
小題1:According to the passage, what is usually taught in the old gym class?
A．Lift weights B．Climb a rope C．CycleD．Have a balanced diet
小題2:What does Alicia Moag-Stahlberg mean by saying “some school boards put P. E. on the chopping block”?
A．Schools do not pay enough attention to P. E..
B．Schools welcome P. E. but do not have time for it.
C．Schools put P.E. in the first place.
D．Schools cut down other subjects’ time for P. E..
小題3:Which is NOT the reason to carry out phys ed programs according to the passage?
A．More teenagers are overweight.
B．Traditional group sports teaching is not effective.
C．Students need to learn some skills to help them lead a physically active life.
D．Phys ed programs need less money to support.
小題4:How many problems are mentioned in the passage with simply teaching group sports?
A．TwoB．Three C．FourD．One
小題5:What’s the difference between the come-back phys ed and the ordinary gym-class model?
A．The Phys ed teaches group sports.
B．The Phys ed provides more fitness programs.
C．The Phys ed teaches tools and skills which could be used in the future life.
D．The Phys ed has more support from the government.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We like to consider ourselves the superior race, and we are. It’s true that we are getting to know more and more, and we actually live in “the information age”. Our human vanity(虛榮心) makes us believe that we really have to know everything! Surprisingly, we do not have this ability. The question “what is happening in the Bermuda Triangle” is the very proof.
Where is the Bermuda Triangle located? The mysterious triangle is believed to be situated between Florida, Bermuda and Puerto Rico, where too many unusual events have happened.
On December the 5th 1945, five U.S. military planes took off from Florida on a clear day only to disappear over Bermuda. Furthermore, some other disappearances took place; in 1947, an American C54 plane simply disappeared at 100 miles from Bermuda; at 80 miles, a Star Tiger plane disappeared in 1948.
Even Columbus had trouble in Bermuda. Some of his journals were about the strange happenings there: “the waters are changing their colors” and “compasses are going wild”.
Maybe it’s why it is called the Devil’s triangle or the Atlantic cemetery.
Many hypotheses were stated in order to explain the strange events. In spite of these attempts, the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle remains unsolved.
Some people get to say that maybe aliens are involved in it. Other imaginative scientists relate the happenings in Bermuda to Einstein’s theory, saying that the missing ships and planes are translated to another dimension of space and time and taken into another world.
Maybe we will just have to wait to go to Heaven and ask the One who made it. The answer will surely be a satisfying one!
小題1:The writer may probably think that______.
A．humans have to and can know everything strange
B．the missing ships are taken into another world
C．humans can know more in “the information age”
D．God created the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle
小題2: Columbus’ journals told us that in Bermuda _______.
A．a(chǎn)n American C54 plane disappeared
B．there were some strange happenings
C．the compasses were lost
D．a(chǎn) cemetery was found
小題3:The underlined word “hypotheses” in the 6th paragraph probably means______.
A．guessesB．reportsC．placesD．stories
小題4:The purpose of the writer is to______.
A．tell some stories about the Bermuda Triangle
B．warn people not to travel to the Bermuda Triangle
C．laugh at man’s vanity to know everything
D．prove man does not have the ability to know all

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A well-known manufacturer of weighing machines produced a new model.
The machine had a computer inside it, and this computer could do wonderful things: it could weigh people very accurately; it could tell them their weight in their own language; and it could tell them what they should eat to reduce their weight.
The manufacturer decided to try out his machine before he sold it to the shops.
He looked around for a good place to put it and finally decided on an airport. There were always people at an airport from many different countries.
The first person to use the machine was an Italian woman. She stood on the machine, put a coin in and waited to hear her weight.
The machine took only a second or two to weigh her, decide on her nationality and the language she spoke, and figure out what kind of food she should eat.
“Good morning, madam,” it said in perfect Italian. “Your weight is 72 kilos, three more than it should be for a woman of your height, age and nationality. This is because you have been eating too much spaghetti. I suggest you eat more fruit and vegetables. Please have a nice day”.
The second person to use the machine was a Chinese girl. She stood on the machine, put a coin in and waited to hear her weight.
“Good morning, Miss," the machine said in perfect Chinese. "Your weight is 38 kilos, exactly the correct weight for your height, age and nationality. Continue to eat what you are eating. Please have a nice day.”
The third person to use the machine was a huge Australian woman. She walked up to the machine and looked at it for a long time. At last she found the courage to stand on the machine and put a coin in. The machine spoke immediately. “Good morning. Will one of you ladies please get off?”
小題1: What could the computer do?
A．Weigh and talk to people. B．Translate information.
C．Give them diet pills.D．Make them lose weight.
小題2: What did the machine say to the Italian woman?
A．She was a little too light.B．She was a little too heavy.
C．She disliked spaghetti.D．She couldn’t speak Italian.
小題3:What did the machine say to the Chinese woman?
A．She should eat more.B．She could speak Chinese.
C．She would have a nice day.D．She was fine.
小題4:What did the machine suggest about the Australian woman?
A．She was unwell.B．She was courageous.
C．She was too heavy.D．She had dieted well.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Simply by analyzing a drop of blood, a doctor will be able to diagnose a birth defect or even cancer when it is in the early stage; using new technology, a material lighter but much stronger than steel can be produced.
These may sound like dreams at present. But the dreams may soon come true as research findings in laboratories are being turned into products more rapidly in the new century, according to experts participating in the fourth Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Technomart, a technology exhibition and trade fair in Suzhou.　　
"Most people think nano-technology（納米技術(shù)）is too far-fetched to be real. But in fact nano-technology has been applied in a wide range of fields, such as medicine. It is coming into our daily life," said Cheng Jiachong from a Hong Kong-based nano-technology firm.
Nano-technology based on the nanometer, the unit of which is a billionth of a meter, enables scientists to have new concepts of disease diagnosis and treatment on a molecular（分子）and atomic scale, Cheng said.　　
By using nanometer particles, a doctor can separate the fetus cells（胚胎細(xì)胞）from the blood of a pregnant woman to see if the development of the fetus is normal. This method is also being used in the early diagnosis of cancer and heart disease, he said.　　
One of the most significant impacts of nano-technology is at the bio-inorganic materials interface, according to Greg Tegart, executive advisor of the APEC Center for Technology Foresight.　　
"By combining enzymes（酶）and silicon chips we can produce biosensors. These could be implanted in humans or animals to monitor health and to deliver corrective doses（劑量）of drugs," he told the participants a technology forum during the exhibition.　　
"Nano-technology could affect the production of nearly every man-made object, from automobiles, tires and computer circuits（電路）, to advanced medicines and tissue replacement, and lead to the invention of objects yet to be imagined," said David Minns, a special advisor to the National Research Council of Canada.　　
It has been shown that carbon nano-tubes are ten times as strong as steel, with one sixth of the weight, and nano-scale systems have the potential to make supersonic transport cost- effective and to increase computer efficiency by millions of times, he said.
The experts agreed that the APEC technology exhibition and trade fair provided many chances for exchanges of innovative ideas and products.
小題1:Realization of the dreams mentioned in the first paragraph will mainly base on ________.
A．APECB．Chinese scientist
C．the APEC Center for Technology ForesightD．Nano-technology
小題2:The length of a nanometer equals to ______.
A．meterB．meterC．meterD．meter
小題3:We can imply from what David Minns said that _________.
A．Nano-technology could only be used to invent new objects.
B．Nano-technology could be widely used to produce or invent objects.
C．Nano-technology is a money-consuming technology.
D．Nano-technology can not be used to improve the service of Internet.
小題4:Compared to steel, carbon nano-tubes are ________.
A．stronger and lighterB．lighter but as strong
C．stronger but as lightD．poor in quality

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s interesting that the arrival of snow has effect on people in different countries. For some countries it is an important happening to celebrate each year, while for others a catastrophe(災(zāi)害) or even a wonder.
　　But there are countries between these two kinds that normally expect snow some time over the winter months, but never receive snow regularly or in the same quantities every year. Britain is one of them, for which the arrival of snow quite simply causes problems. Within hours of the first snowfalls, however light, roads are blocked, trains and buses have to stop in the middle of the way. Normal communication is affected as well: telephone calls become difficult and the post immediately takes more time than usual. And almost within hours, there are also certain shortages----bread, vegetables and other things-----not because all these things can no longer be produced or sent to shops, but mainly because people are frightened and go out and store up with food and so on…just for fear that something bad should happen.
　　But why does snow have this effect? After all, the Swiss, the Austrians and the Canadians don‘t have such problems. It is simple because there is not enough planning and preparation. We need money to buy equipment to deal with snow and ice. To keep the roads clear, for example, requires snow-ploughs(掃雪機(jī)) and machines to spread salt. The reason why a country like Britain does not buy snow-ploughs is that they are used for a few days in any one year, and the money could be more useful in other things such as hospital, education, helping the old and so on..
　小題1:According to the writer, Britain is a country ________.
A．which has regular snowB．which is not well prepared for snow
C．for which snow is a catastropheD．for which snow is a wonder
　　小題2:After a few hours’ snowing there are often some shortages of food because ______.
　　A. shops have closed down B. people buy as much as they can
　　B. farmers cannot produce any more D. people eat more vegetables in winter
　　小題3:The words "two kinds" in the passage mean the countries ______.
A．which have weather as yearly happening to celebrate or as rare(少見) weather
B．which either have heavy snow or light snow
C．to which snow either causes problems or no problems
D．which either have snow-ploughs or no snow-ploughs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists are not sure how the brain follows the tracks of time．One theory holds that it has a group of cells specialized to record the intervals （間隔）of time, while another theory holds that some neural processes （神經(jīng)突）act as an inside clock．
Whichever theory it may be, studies find, the cells have a poor grasp of longer interval．Time does seem to slow during an empty afternoon and race when the brain focuses on challenging work．Stimulants （興奮劑）, including caffeine, tend to make people feel as if．time is passing faster; complex jobs, like doing taxes, can seem to drag on longer than they actually do．And  emotional  events — a breakup, a promotion, a transformative trip abroad —tend to be sensed as more recent than they actually are, by months or even years．In short, some psychologists say, the findings support the philosopher Martin Heidegger' s observation that time "persists merely as a consequence of the events taking place in it．"
Now researchers are finding that the opposite thing may also be true: if very few events come to mind, then the sense of time does not persist; the brain shortens the interval that has passed．
In one classic experiment, a French explorer named Michel Siffre lived in a cave for two months, cut off from the rhythms of night and day and man-made clocks．He appeared then, convinced that he had been isolated for only 25 days．Left to its own devices, the brain tends to shorten time．
In earlier work, researchers found  that a similar case at work in people’s judgment of intervals that last only moments．Relatively infrequent stimuli, like flashes or tones, tend to increase the speed of the brain' s internal pacemaker．
On an obvious level, these kinds of findings offer an explanation for why other people' s children seem to grow up so much faster than one's own．Involved parents are all too well aware of first step in their own children; however, seeing a cousin's child once every few years, without bothering memories, shortens the time．
小題1:What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A．Scientists have agreed about how the brain records time．
B．Scientists all think that some cells record the intervals of time．
C．Scientists haven't agreed on how the brain records time．
D．Scientists all hold the theory that neural processes are an inside clock．
小題2:According．to Paragraph 3, if we have few things to do, the brain will____．
A．make the intervals of time long
B．make the intervals of time short
C．keep a state of rest
D．stop working
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Michel Siffre didn' t think he had stayed in the cave for as long as two months．
B．Parents tend to think their own children grow faster than others．
C．Michel Diffre actually stayed in the cave for twenty-five days．
D．Children usually bring bad memories to their parents．
小題4:In which column of a newspaper can we find this passage?
A．Social newsB．Community activities
C．ScienceD．Children s life

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researchers are placing robotic dogs（機(jī)器狗）in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated（應(yīng)急的） ,”Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”
In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.
“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady, “When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”
The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled(行動不便的) and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes（免除） exercise and feeding concerns.
“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry.” Beck says，“But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”
“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”
小題1: The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to        .
A．understand human-animal relationship
B．find the causes of old people’s loneliness
C．make lonely old people’s life better
D．promote the animal-assisted research
小題2:In the research, the old people are asked to        .
A．note the activities of AIBOsB．record their feelings and activity
C．keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeksD．a(chǎn)nalyze the collected information
小題3:What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?
A．It is easier to keep at home.B．It responds to all the human orders.
C．It can help the disabled people.D．It can watch TV with its owner.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Photographs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents(文獻(xiàn)), photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish them in books and on the Internet.
小題1:The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to        .
A．beautiesB．photosC．goodsD．events
小題2:The photos of the small children by Hine show us that photos          .
A．a(chǎn)re also works of artB．a(chǎn)re popular ways of reporting news
C．often shock the publicD．can serve as a force for social change
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．News with pictures is encouraging.
B．Photos help people improve their life.
C．News photos mean history in a sense.
D．People prefer reading news with pictures.
小題4:The text is mainly about      .
A．telling the story through pictureB．decorating the walls of homes
C．publishing historical papers D．expressing feeling through pictures

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