13."Business is war."The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way:winning the competition,getting market share,beating up suppliers,locking up customers.There are the victors and the losers.
But today in doing business,you have to listen to shareholders,work with suppliers,keep good relations-even with competitors.That doesn't sound like war.Besides,there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.
Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed.Business is competition and cooperation as well.In other words,business is war and peace.
To bring together competition and cooperation,we turn to game theory.Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do.It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.
Game theory breaks down the game into key elements:players,added values,rules,tactics(計(jì)謀),and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game.This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one.Change one of the PARTS,and you change the whole.
Why change the game?An old Chinese saying explains:If you continue on the course you're heading,that's where you'll end up.Sometimes that's good,sometimes not.You can play the game very well,and still suffer great loss. That's because you're playing the wrong game:you need to change it.Even a good game can be made into a better one.Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want,not taking the game you find.
39.The author of this passage isB the idea that"Business is war."
A.in favor of
B.a(chǎn)gainst
C.considering
D.doubtful of
40.Why does the writer mention game theory?B
A.To inform the readers of the key elements.
B.To explain how competition and cooperation co-exist in business.
C.To prove business is war.
D.To introduce the Chinese old saying.
41.The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph isA.
A.you are really good at playing the game,but you still lose it out
B.you are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terribly
C.you play the game too well to suffer great loss
D.the competition is so hard that you have to put all your heart into it.

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了時(shí)代在變化,"商業(yè)是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)"這一觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)不適合現(xiàn)代,我們要學(xué)的是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和合作如何在商業(yè)中共存.

解答 39.B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段But today in doing business,you have to listen to shareholders,work with suppliers,keep good relations-even with competitors.That doesn't sound like war可知這篇文章的作者是反對(duì)"商業(yè)是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)"這一觀點(diǎn)的;故選B.
40.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段To bring together competition and cooperation,we turn to game theory可知作者提到游戲理論解釋競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和合作如何在商業(yè)中共存;故選B.
41.A.句意理解題.根據(jù)最后一段Sometimes that's good,sometimes not.You can play the game very well,and still suffer great loss可知意為你真的很擅長(zhǎng)玩游戲,但你還是輸了;故選A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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