The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain（拉力）accumulates（積累）in the rock.
Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震級(jí)) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent.
Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (斷層) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method.
Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蝕) upon areas susceptible(易受影響的) to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction.
小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．What an earthquake is like.
B．How to predict earthquakes.
C．Where earthquakes often happen.
D．When a fault is formed.
小題2:That scientists study the history of large earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately_________.
A．do research on the past frequency of large earthquakes
B．estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakes
C．forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakes
D．judge the specific location of future earthquakes
小題3:Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and1989.
B．The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake.
C．About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region.
D．The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake.
小題4:What is the critical factor of forming a fault?
A．The material of rocks.
B．The existing time span of the rocks.
C．The plate movements around the rocks.
D．The amount of strain released in the last earthquake.
小題5:According to the passage, we can know that the San Andreas Fault System____.
A．has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes
B．stores much more information about the history of large earthquakes
C．offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulates
D．illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:C
小題5:C    

試題分析：這篇文章講的是如何預(yù)測(cè)地震，可以通過特殊地區(qū)大型地震來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)，也可以研究某個(gè)地方拉力的累積的情況知道地震的可能性。
小題1:主旨題：從第一段的句子：The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning.可知這篇文章講的是如何預(yù)測(cè)地震。選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks.可知科學(xué)家研究大地震是為了預(yù)測(cè)相似地震的可能性。選 C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake.可知拉力累積到一定程度會(huì)導(dǎo)致地震，選B
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. 可知板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)是形成斷層的關(guān)鍵因素。選C
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. 可知San Andreas Fault System對(duì)研究在拉力累積的地方形成斷層提供可能。選C 。 
點(diǎn)評(píng)：這篇文章講的是如何預(yù)測(cè)地震，第一段指主題，第二段可以通過特殊地區(qū)大型地震來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)，第三段是研究某個(gè)地方拉力的累積的情況知道地震的可能性，結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰，便于學(xué)生找到答案，是這篇文章題型有細(xì)節(jié)題也有推理題，在答題中，應(yīng)首先略讀每題的信息，把幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義理解透，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，要求學(xué)生在把握文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，也要留意細(xì)節(jié)，對(duì)一些長(zhǎng)難句的理解要準(zhǔn)確。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

D
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced on them or else on their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.
These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes a lot of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we want to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct(指導(dǎo)).” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
小題1:Which sentence best express the central point of the passage?
A．Problems and difficulties represent a special kind of suffering.
B．We become stronger by facing and solving problems of life.
C．Life is difficult because our problems bring us pain.
D．People like to complain about their problems.
小題2:The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to ___.
A．save spaceB．persuade readers
C．make readers laughD．get readers’ attention
小題3:The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _________.
A．most people feel life is easy
B．the writer feel life is easy
C．the writer likes to complain about his problems
D．most people complain about how hard their lives are
小題4:According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in  order to ______.
A．encourage them to learn
B．teach them to fear the pain of solving the problems
C．help them learn to deal with pain
D．teach them how to respect problems
小題5:The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt, instruct” suggests that ______.
A．we do not learn from experience
B．we do not learn when we are in pain
C．pain teaches us important lessons
D．pain cannot be avoided

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A messy desk can actually lead people towards clearer thinking, say researchers from Germany．
The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand.
Visual and mental clutter（阻塞） forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.
Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious（聲名狼藉的） for their untidy desks.
“Messy desks may not be as detrimental（有害的） as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can improve work efficiency or increase employees' creativity in problem solving,” say the authors.
“Business and government managers often promote 'clean desk' policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity,” writes lead researcher Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research.
“This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one's mind and complicate one's judgments.”
“However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind.”
The scientists tested people's response in various 'messy' environments - including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language task 'reminded' people of messiness.
The authors found in the series of six studies people tended towards simplicity in their thinking.
“They categorized （分類） products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a T-shirt that shows a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices.” said the researchers.
小題1: The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that _____．
A．A messy desk cannot contribute to clearer thinking
B．People thought more clearly about a messy desk and a shop front
C．People will feel confused when all around are chaos
D．People manage to simplify the tasks in messy environments
小題2: Why does the author take Albert Einstein as an example?
A．to support the idea that clearer thinking comes from messy environment．
B．to tell the fact that Einstein was known for his untidy desks．
C．to stop us from learning from Albert Einstein．
D．to call on us to develop a good habit．
小題3:How do people look at messy environment according to the conventional wisdom?
A．Messy environment will create clearer thinking．
B．Messy environment will simplify one' s judgment．
C．Messy environment can promote work efficiency．
D．Messy environment can block one' s mind．
小題4: What does the last paragraph imply?
A．People believe messy environment creates clearer thinking．
B．People sought more simplicity in the choices．
C．People were not willing to choose those complicated products．
D．Not all the people accept messy environment and complicated things

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The quality of water supply in southern Beijing has been improving in recent years, an official said.
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"The transformation of the three plants has increased the recycled water processing capacity by 160,000 cubic meters per day," he said.
In addition, the city is also speeding up the construction of sewage treatment plants to further recycle the sewage, Zhao said.
Zhang Xiang, a researcher from Nature University, an environmental protection NGO in Beijing, said recycled water use should be promoted, especially in water-scarce cities such as Beijing.
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According to the Beijing Water Authority, the capital will set up 46 more recycled water plants citywide in the next three years while upgrading 20 sewage treatment plants.
The treatment rate of domestic sewage in downtown Beijing will reach 98 percent by the end of 2015, it said.
The capital's recycled water is mainly used for industry, landscaping and cleaning, Zhang said.
Many new communities in southern Beijing are equipped with a network to recycle water.
In the past, people were not enthusiastic about using recycled water. However, as the government has boosted the quality of recycled water and set up more recycled water plants, more residents are gradually accepting it.
Residents in southern Beijing will also enjoy more clean energy, as the government will replace traditional coal-burning stoves with electric radiators as part of a three-year plan to develop southern Beijing from 2013 to 2015.
Since 2010, Beijing has taken measures to develop its southern areas. Earlier efforts have seen the region, which used to rely heavily on low-end industries such as cement factories and small coal mines, being turned into a bustling commercial center and home to many educational institutions.
小題1:This passage may appear in ________ section.
A．businessB．lifeC．politicsD．forum
小題2:which statement is true according to the passage
A．Recycled water will be mainly used for drink.
B．As usual, recycled water is accepted by people.
C．Traditionally people in southern Beijing use coal-burning stove for cooking.
D．The water Transferred over long distance is cheaper than recycled water.
小題3: How many recycled water plants will the capital city have in about 3 years?
A．46.B．20C．3D． 49
小題4: What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Southern area in Beijing has taken on a new look.
B．The southern area is hone to many educational institutions
C．Southern area in Beijing is more beautiful now.
D．Southern area in Beijing is a busy place now .
小題5: Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Beijing government has taken measures to improve its people`s life.
B．Recycled water flows to southern Beijing.
C．More recycled water plants will be built.
D．The southern Beijing residents will enjoy clean water

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the important of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2nd many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands around the world.
小題1: Which animal is mentioned in the passage?
   
A                  B                   C                 D
小題2:Usually the weather in the wetlands is ____.
A．hotB．mildC．coldD．dry
小題3:The reasons for protecting wetlands are the following except that ______
A．they are home of wildlife
B．they can prevent flood
C．they offer food to the wildlife
D．they will be good farmland
小題4: What can be the best title for the passage?
A．China’s wetlands –the Biggest One in the World
B．Wetlands --- Home of Wildlife and Human Beings
C．Special Animals --- Found in Yellow Sea Wetlands
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What is colour? Why do some of the things around us look red, some green, others blue?
　Colours are really made by reflected(反射)light. We see colour because most of the things reflect light. Something is red, for it reflects most of the red light. In the same way, if something is green, it reflects most of the green light. If something reflects all light, it is white. If it doesn‘t reflect any light, it is black.
　Some of the light is reflected and some is taken in(吸收)and turned into(變成)heat(熱能).The darker the colour is, the less light is reflected, the more light is taken in. So dark-coloured(深色的)clothes are warmer in the sun than light-coloured clothes.
小題1:When something reflects light, we can_______.
A．see its colourB．see its heatC．not see its colourD．see nothing
小題2:In summer _____make people feel cool.
A．dark-clolured clothesB．red-coloured clothes
C．green-coloured clothesD．light-coloured clothes
小題3:(Originally created) Why does the author use a question at the beginning of this passage?
A．The author doesn’t has a knowledge of colour.
B．The author shows off his knowledge of colour.
C．To ask the readers to answer this question.
D．To draw the readers’ interest in reading this passage.
小題4:(Originally created) In which of the following you can find this passage?
A. A travel book                  B.A history book
C. A popular science magazine      C, An entertainment newspaper.
小題5:What’s the best title(題目)of this passage(短文)?
A．Dark colourB．ColourC．Heat D．Clothes

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Chicken feathers are useful, and not just to a chicken. Some go into pillows, coats and other products. But countless chicken feathers go to waste.
In the United States, billions of chickens are produced yearly. Most of their feathers are thrown away.
But instead of being buried in land, some feathers could find a future in plastics（塑料）.
One of the products they have developed is a flowerpot（花盆）. It may look like other flowerpots. But the container breaks down in the earth within one to five years. And as it breaks down, it naturally becomes nutrient（營(yíng)養(yǎng)物） in the soil.
The environmentally friendly flowerpot is the work of two researchers. Walter Schmidt is with the Agricultural Research Service, part of the United States Agriculture Department. Masud Huda is with the Horticultural Research Institute, a private（私人） organization（組織）.
Walter Schmidt has been working to find uses for chicken feathers since the 1990s. Progress in 2002 showed that plastic made from feathers could be formed like other plastics.
He says feathers are much stronger and last（持續(xù)） longer than another plant material. "Feathers are stronger. By design, feathers are also more durable（耐用的）. And the other part about it is if feathers were twice as heavy, or half as strong, then birds couldn't fly."
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"Why would you want a plastic that you use for a year to last for two hundred years? It makes no sense. You want to match the product with the use." said Walter Schmidt.
Walter Schmidt and Masud Huda are now adding another chicken product to their flowerpots -- chicken waste. The waste will add more nutrients to the soil as the pot breaks down. The scientists say they hope their flowerpot will be on the market in a year or two.
小題1:What do people mainly deal with feathers?
A．Feathers are used to make pillows, coats and other products.
B．Most feathers are paid no attention to.
C．Most feathers are used as nutrient
D．Most feathers are used to make flowerpots
小題2:What’s the advantage of the flowerpots?
A．They won’t last long. B．They can’t break
C．They are environmentally friendlyD．They can be reused
小題3:What does Walter Schmidt think of traditional flowerpots?
A．Too heavyB．Too old
C．Never re-usedD．lasting longer but unnecessary
小題4:What do you think is the main idea of the passage?
A．Chicken and its feathersB．How to deal with feathers
C．feathers made into flowerpotD．New flowerpots

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century．
In 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India．In order to reduce fraud（詐騙）, he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay．This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints．In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system．Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (優(yōu)生學(xué)家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called "Fingerprints", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system—the first existence．
Around the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system．In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas' exactly．She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy（指紋鑒定法）. It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．
Sir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world．
小題1:Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to_____．
A．develop a fingerprinting systemB．prevent illegal business
C．put them on pieces of clayD．collect and study fingerprints
小題2:Who first came up with the idea of creating a fingerprint classification system?
A．Herschel．B．Faulds．C．Gallon．D．Darwin．
小題3:The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to "_____"．
A．the fingerprintsB．the two boysC．the crimesD．the police officers
小題4:We can learn from the text that _____．
A．Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan
B．Henry's classification system is based on Gallon's
C．Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints
D．Vucetich's fingerprinting system is still used all over the world
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．Different uses of fingerprints．
B．The history of fingerprinting．
C．Countries that first used fingerprints．
D．The way to collect and analyze fingerprints．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Pigs are always considered dirty animals because they roll in mud．But in fact they prefer  being quite clean．They cover themselves with mud to help stay cool．During cooler weather,  they prefer to stay clean．So do elephants,who also cover themselves in dust or mud to keep cool． When they find a place with clean water they will take a bath，using their long noses to give  themselves—or each other—a nice shower
Some animals use dust to get clean．Chinchillas (南美洲栗鼠) have very fine fur． They don`t like to take water baths because water is not warm enough for them．So, instead, they roll  around in fine dust．The dust helps to keep their fur and skin dry．This protects them from disease
Usually, a small bird is a light meal for a crocodile．But when a crocodile wants its teeth  cleaned．it lies on the ground with its mouth open．The crocodile bird goes in and picks out any  parasites(寄生蟲)between the crocodile`s teeth or under its tongue．The crocodile gets its mouth cleaned，and the crocodile bird gets dinner．
You wouldn`t think fish would need baths．But some undersea parasites live under the  fish`s skin．“Cleaner”fish，like the wrasse(隆頭魚)，help take them away．The wrasse stands on its head and dances to signal a big fish that it is ready to go into the cleaning business．The big fish will stop moving and open its mouth wide so the wrasse can swim inside and pick out  parasites and bits of food．
小題1:The passage is mainly about how animals         ．
A．stay cleanB．help each other
C．get their food D．Take baths
小題2:What can we learn from the first paragraph about pigs?
A．They can help each other take baths．
B．They are dirtier during cooler weather．
C．They prefer taking baths to rolling in mud．
D．They like to stay cool and clean．
小題3:Chinchillas use dust to get clean for the following reasons EXCEPT that         ．
A． dust can dry their fur and skin
B．They are not good at swimming
C．Water is too cold for them
D．Dust is good for their health
小題4:From Paragraphs 3 and 4，we earl know that         ．
A．some animals can get clean from others`help
B．Most animals are friendly to each other
C．small animals couldn`t get food from big ones
D．All of the animals prefer to stay clean
小題5:We can infer from the last paragraph that the wrasse
A．is often eaten by other fish
B．1ikes under other fish`s skin
C．is a small kind of fish
D．1ikes taking baths

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