20.Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted,new research suggests.
In the study,researchers looked at about 1,900schoolchildren.The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors.Moreover,among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study,the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors.
The researchers selected six schools and required the children,whose average age was 7at the start of the study,to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years.The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school,especially during weekends and holidays.The other half of the children,from another six schools,continued their usual activity patterns.After three years,30.4percent of the kids in the intervention group (干預組) had become nearsighted,compared with 38.5percent of the kids in the other group.
It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children's eyesight,the researchers said.However,some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine (多巴胺) of the eye.In turn,dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness.
Based on the new results,the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits of their eyesight.However,it's important to protect kids'skin and eyes from UV(紫外的) light,which can be damaging.
32.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day?A
A.Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.
B.Continue to do their usual activities.
C.Spend one hour in doing eye exercises.
D.Participate in outdoor activities with parents.
33.What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine?C
A.It can contribute to poor sight.
B.It can damage people's brain.
C.It is beneficial to eyesight.
D.It means low levels of light intensity.
34.What may be discussed in the following paragraph?C
A.How to design outdoor activities for kids.
B.How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted.
C.How to protect kids'skin and eyes from UV light.
D.How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text?B
A.The More Time Outdoors,the Better
B.Kids May See Better if They Play Outside
C.It's Time to Engage Kids in Outdoor Activities
D.Researchers Found a Cure for Nearsightedness.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)戶外活動能減少孩子患近視的概率,鼓勵孩子多參加戶外運動.
解答 32.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中的"required the children…to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years"可知,這一組的孩子每個教學日都額外上一節(jié)為時一個小時的戶外活動課;故選A.
33.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段中的"In turn,dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness"可知多巴胺對視力是有好處的;故選C.
34.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的"it's important to protect kids'skin and eyes from UV light"可推知,接下來作者很可能會講怎樣保護孩子的皮膚和眼睛免受紫外線的傷害;故選C.
35.B.主旨要義題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的"Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted"可知,本文主要講的是在戶外活動比較多的孩子患近視的概率較小.故B項最能概括文章的大意.
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.