Question

18．As each semester begins，my colleague greets his students wearing a jacket and tie．
"You make only one first impression，"he says．So while the rest of the semester he teaches class in his usual，more casual clothes，the first week he presents a different image．
His thought is that students will remember their first meet positively and more readily think highly of him as the semester goes on because that favorable first impression has an influence on them．
The sequence （順序） that we meet matters in how we judge subsequent （后來的） information．The big influence of first impressions is related to the halo effect，where the perception （看法） of positive qualities in one thing or part gives rise to the perception of similar qualities in related things or in the whole．
Here is an example：You meet a friendly person at a party and later are asked to collect money for a worthy cause．You call that person because you think she will make a contribution．In reality，there is no connection between being pleasant and being generous．Yet the halo effect leads you to think that the two are related．
The halo effect is powerful，but it is questionable whether it matters much in long-term relationships，such as that between teacher and student．While dressing up may make students think the teacher must know his subject matter because he creates a professional first impression，the effect wears thin if the person turns out to be a poor t eacher after all．
First impressions matter but they don't have the final word．Facts speak louder．If you had never seen or heard of Einstein，the first time you saw him your impression would most likely be negative．Now his face is connected with genius （天才），not madness because he is the person who has come to define what genius is．
The problem is that few of us are Einsteins and we often don't get the chance to change a negative first impression．
12．The author explains th e halo effect mainly byD．
A．following the order of importance 
B．making a comparison
C．setting down general rules       
D．giving an example
13．In the author's eyes，the halo effectD．
A．is surprisingly powerful      
B．matters more in the long run   
C．makes some teachers irresponsible
D．may affect our judgment of others  
14．The author uses the example of Einstein to show the importance ofC．
A．a(chǎn)ppearance        
B．impressions
C．truth          
D．fairness
15．The author seems to advise readersC．
A．not to follow others'judgments  
B．not to judge a book by its cover
C．to mind their first impressions    
D．to pay no attention to the halo effect．

Answer 1

分析 短文主要說明了"暈輪效應(yīng)"，即人們往往會對第一印象比較深刻．

解答 12．D．考察細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由文章第5段Here is an example，可知作者介紹暈輪效應(yīng)主要是通過例子來論述的，所以答案是D．
13 D．考察細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由文章第6段the effect wears thin if the person turns out to be a poor t eacher after all．穿得單薄的效果會讓人認(rèn)為這是一個貧窮的老師，可知作者認(rèn)為"暈輪效應(yīng)"會影響人們的判斷，所以答案是D．
14．C．考察細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由文章Facts speak louder．If you had never seen or heard of  Einstein，the first time you saw him your impression would most likely be negative．Now his face is  connected with genius （天才），not madness because he is the person who has come to define what genius is可知作者通過講述愛因斯坦的例子是為了說明事實(shí)的重要性，所以答案是C．
15．C．考察細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由文章最后一段The problem is that few of us are Einsteins and we often don't get the chance to change a negative first impression，可知作者建議大家要關(guān)注第一印象，所以答案是C．

點(diǎn)評 本篇文章都是細(xì)節(jié)推理題，答題的已給選項(xiàng)也一般不會和短文相關(guān)詞語完全相同，需要考生自己理解句子，延伸推理出題目答案，比一般細(xì)節(jié)理解題偏難．