Seeing may be believing，but hearing a sound first may help your sense of sight，according to results of a new study.
Researchers at the University of California of San Diego report that people were more accurate at noticing a flash of light when a sound was produced at the same place immediately before the light flashed.
“We used a loud sound to catch our participants’（受試者）attention” one of the study’s authors, Dr McDonald， said in an article.  During some experiments， the sound occurred at the same location as the flash of light，while at other times it was produced on the opposite side of participants’ field of sight. The 33 participants in the study were more accurate at noticing the flash of light when the sound occurred on the same side，suggesting that sound can help direct visual（視覺的）attention.
According to McDonald， his research team plans to continue studying the relationship between sight and sound. It will be interesting to see， he said，what happens to the ability to pay attention when one of the sense does not work as well as it should，as in a person who is blind of has hearing problems.
McDonald also noted that research into the relationship between sight and sound could affect the way we 1ook at peop1e with attention disorder. Traditionally，these people together are considered to have attention prob1em，but in some people the problem may be caused by hearing or sight deficits（缺陷）.
“ It could be possible that they cou1d have a deficit in one sense or another，or in relating sight and sound together，” McDonald said. Research into this area may lead to better treatment for people who have a hard time paying attention. It may be a good idea to take into consideration the relationship between sound and sight when designing warning signals，such as for an airplane pilot.
小題1: By saying “ Seeing may be believing” ，the writer is suggesting that          .

A．there is a relationship between hearing and seeing

B．the saying has some influence on their research

C．you should read the research findings in this article

D．you should visit the laboratory in person

小題2: One question the research team wants to study is how           .

A．to deal with people’s hearing problems

B．to improve pilots’ attention during flight

C．people with hearing or sight deficits can improve their attention

D．hearing or sight deficits affect people’s ability to pay attention

小題3:McDonald believes that the study of the relationship between sight and sound will        .

A．have practical values for medical doctors and pilots

B．help change the well-being of medical doctors

C．prevent people from having hearing or sight problem

D．help to improve people’s eyesight

小題4: Which is the best title for the passage？
A. A cure for people with hearing problems.     B. The study of people’s attention.
C Sound helps to improves people’s attention.   D. Sound helps to notice the flash of light.

Tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.
The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26—funded with £2.5 million of taxpayers’ money—was announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary. It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.
The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached. 13.6 million in 2007, up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost £470 million.
One theatre source criticised the Government’s priorities(優(yōu)先考慮的事) in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying: “I don’t know why the Government’s wasting money on this. The Yong Vic, as The Times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”
There was praise for the Government’s plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said: “I support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London.”
Ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.
Mr. Burnham said: “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear it’s ‘not for them’. It’s time to change this perception.”
Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said: “The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a no-go area.”
小題1:Critics of the plan argued that ______.

A．the theatres would be overcrowded

B．it would be a waste of money

C．pensioners wouldn’t get free tickets

D．the government wouldn’t be able to afford it

小題2:According to the supporters, the plan should ______.

A．benefit the television industry

B．focus on producing better plays

C．help increase the sales of tickets

D．involve all the young people in England

小題3:Which of the following is TRUE about the plan?

A．Ninety-five theatres have received funding.

B．Everyone will get at least one free ticket.

C．It may not benefit all the young people.

D．Free tickets are offered once every day.

小題4:We can infer from the passage that in England ______.

A．many plays are not for young people

B．many young people don’t like theatre

C．people know little about the plan

D．children used to receive good arts education

小題5:According to the passage, the issue to offer free tickets to young people seems ______.

A．controversial

B．inspiring

C．exciting

D．unreasonable

D
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感覺) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假設(shè)), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
小題1:According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A．the visitors to his office	B．the psychology lessons he has
C．his physical feeling of coldness	D．the things he has bought online

小題2:The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A．a(chǎn)dults should develop social skills	B．babies need warm physical contact
C．caregivers should be healthy adults	D．monkeys have social relationships

小題3:In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A．evaluate someone’s personality	B．write down their hypotheses
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

小題4:We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．a(chǎn)bstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．physical temperature affects how we see others

D．capable persons are often cold to others

小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

C．Developing Better Drinking Habits.

D．Physical Sensations and Emotions.

There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批評) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
46. People who are unhappy _______.
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are affected by the results of certain things
C. usually misunderstand what others think or say
D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things
47. The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means “_______”.
A. have a good taste with social life            B. make others unhappy
C. tend so scold others openly                            D. enjoy the pleasure of life
48. We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A. we should pity all such unhappy people
B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life
C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness
D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons
49. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should _______.
A. prevent any communication with them
B. show no respect and politeness to them
C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects
D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes
50. In this passage, the writer mainly _______.
A. describes two types of people
B. laughs at the unhappy people
C. suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness
D. tells people how to be happy in life

The meaning of the word “volunteer” may be a little different in different countries, but it usually means “one who offers his or her services．” There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people, working in homes for homeless children, and picking up garbage from beaches and parks．Volunteers may work within their own countries or in other countries．They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves．Volunteers don’t expect any kind of pay．
At the root of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people．Tracy, a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means．She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresa’s homes in Calcutta．The following is her story．
“I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school．We watched a video about her work in India and all over the world．I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I too wanted to try her kind of work．So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks．”
“I was asked to work in a home for sick people．I helped wash clothes and sheets, and pass out lunch．I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer them up．I felt it was better to share with them than to think that I have helped them．To be honest, I don’t think I was helping very much．It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world．”
66．According to the text, a volunteer refers to a person who ______．
A．is willing to help those in need without pay  
B．can afford to travel to different places
C．has a strong wish to be successful          
D．has made a big fortune in life
67．Tracy started her work as a volunteer _______．
A．a(chǎn)fter she met Mother Teresa              
B．a(chǎn)fter she finished high school
C．when she was touring Calcutta            
D．when she was working in a hospital
68．Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer?
A．She liked to work with Mother Teresa．     
B．She had already had some experience．
C．She was asked by Mother Teresa’s example．
D．She wanted to follow Mother Teresa’s example．
69．What is Tracy’s “new idea”（Paragraph 2） of being a volunteer?
A．Going abroad to help the sick．           
B．Working in Mother Teresa’s home．
C．Doing simple things to help the poor．      
D．Improving oneself through helping others．
70．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How To Be A Volunteer．             B．Voluntary Life In India．
C．A Different Meaning Of Volunteer．   D．Inspiration From Mother Teresa．

Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and warfare as the inventor of dynamite（炸藥）. On April 12，1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper _21_ his brother for him and carried an article _22_ the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.”The article read. “Dr. Alfred  
Nobel，who became  _23_  by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday. ”Nobel was _24_ to find out not that he had died，but that，when his time was up， he would be thought of only as one who profited from _25_ and destruction.  
To make sure that he was _26_ with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his _27_ to give the largest part of his money to _28_ the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great _29_ to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences. So _30_ ，Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.  

小題1:	A．found B．misunderstood C．mistook D．judged

小題2:	A．introducing B．a(chǎn)nnouncing C．implying D．a(chǎn)dvertising

小題3:	A．famous B．sick C．rich D．popular

小題4:	A．upset B．a(chǎn)nxious C．excited D．pleased

小題5:	A．death B．disease C．trouble D．a(chǎn)ttack

小題6:	A．repaid B．described C．supported D．remembered

小題7:	A．book B．a(chǎn)rticle C．will D．contract

小題8:	A．establish B．form C．develop D．promote

小題9:	A．a(chǎn)dditions B．sacrifices C．changes D．contributions

小題10:

A．generally B．basically C．usually D．certainly

The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must   36   sixty hours of service learning,   37   they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.    38    of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.    39   a service experience, students must keep a journal（日志）and then write a   40   about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many   41    of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think   42   their own interests and become   43   of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that   44    responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.   45  , students can explore possible careers   46   service learning.
For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.  47   there are many benefits, opponents （反對者）   48   problems with the new requirement. First, they   49   that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend   50   time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without   51   goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to   52   to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.   53   , I don' t believe you should force people to help others – the  54   to help must come from the heart. I think the best   55    is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.

小題1:	A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save

小題2:	A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．but D．for

小題3:	A．Subjects B．ideas C．Procedures D．Examples

小題4:	A．With B．Before C．During D．After

小題5:A. diary             B, report              C . note              D. notice

小題6:	A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features

小題7:	A．beyond B．a(chǎn)bout C．over D．in

小題8:	A．careful B．proud C．tired D．a(chǎn)ware

小題9:	A．possess B．a(chǎn)pply C．include D．develop

小題10:

A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully

小題11:

A．through B．a(chǎn)cross C．of D．on

小題12:

A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While

小題13:

A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down

小題14:

A．a(chǎn)rgue B．doubt C．overlook D．a(chǎn)dmit

小題15:

A．much B．full C．less D．more

小題16:

A．cost B．pay C．care. D．praise

小題17:

A．contribute B．a(chǎn)ppeal C．a(chǎn)ttend D．belong

小題18:

A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However

小題19:

A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit

小題20:

A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result

An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to （歸因于）the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.  
Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A. spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.   
Professor john Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments—were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.   
“There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. ” He added.   
University applications rose 7% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in caters in the pubic sector（部門）, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.   
A. recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.   
Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”  
71. Professor John Beath’s lectures are ______ .  
A. given in a traditional way                 B. connected with the present situation  
C. open to both students and their parents    D. warmly received by economics  
72. Incomes in the public sector are more attractive because of their_____.   
A. greater stability     B. higher pay    C. fewer applications   D. better reputation  
73. in the opinion of most parents ______ .   
A. eccentrics should be the focus of school teaching  
B. more students should be admitted to universities  
C. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened.   
D. children should solve financial problems themselves   
74. According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters_____ .   
A. wiser in money management  
B. have access to better equipment  
C. confide about their future careers  
D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds  
75. What’s the main idea of the text?  
A. Universities have received more applications.  
B. Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students  
C. college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty  
D. parents are concerned with children’s subject selection.   

A few years ago I had an “aha!” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting，and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year，maybe two，and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life—a sign that the informal. Friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters，and we recognized one another's handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.
As a child visiting my father’s office，1 was pleased to recognize，in little notes on the desks of his staff，the same handwriting 1 would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of “RFW”.
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting，a book by Florey. Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well，but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th-century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However，they have worked in many school systems.
51. Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting?
A. He had worked with his colleague long enough.
B. His colleague’s handwriting was SO beautiful.
C. His colleague’s handwriting was SO terrible.
D. He still had a 1ot of Work to do.
52. People working together in an office used to ____________.
A. talk more about handwriting
B. take more notes on workdays
C. know better one another's handwriting
D. communicate better with one another
53. The author’s father wrote notes in pen _________.
A. to both his family and his staff
B. to his family in small letters
C. to his family on the fridge
D. to his staff on the desk
54. According to the author，handwritten notes _______.
A. are harder to teach in schools
B. attract more attention
C. are used only between friends
D. carry more message
55. We can learn from the passage that the author __________.
A. thinks it impossible to teach handwriting
B. does not want to lose handwriting
C. puts the blame on the computer
D. does not agree with Florey

In the U.S., people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without first asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
1. Which statement is true?
A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know.
B. Tips shouldn’t be given to the waiter or waitress.
C. Orange juice is served before you order
D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
2. What does the underlined word “doggie bag” mean in the article? It means ______.
A. a bag with a picture of a dog on it
B. a bag used to carry dogs
C. a small bag for taking the food left over home to enjoy it later
D. a small bag for taking the food left over home for dogs
3. Sunday dinner is _______.
A. a dinner in the evening               B. a big noon meal
C. a big lunch Sunday                  D. a supper on Sunday