D
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感覺) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假設(shè)), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
小題1:According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.
A．the visitors to his officeB．the psychology lessons he has
C．his physical feeling of coldness D．the things he has bought online
小題2:The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.
A．a(chǎn)dults should develop social skillsB．babies need warm physical contact
C．caregivers should be healthy adultsD．monkeys have social relationships
小題3:In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.
A．evaluate someone’s personalityB．write down their hypotheses
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
小題4:We can infer from the passage that ______.
A．a(chǎn)bstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C．physical temperature affects how we see others
D．capable persons are often cold to others
小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C．Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D．Physical Sensations and Emotions.

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:D

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段就提出了本文所要討論的主題：人的情緒受身體對(duì)冷熱,的不同感受的影響。
小題2:推理判斷題。第二段中作者提到Harlow’s experiment就是為了證明這段第三句Much of this particularly warmth and sadness的觀點(diǎn)。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后二句可知接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)Person A作出評(píng)價(jià)。
小題4:推理判斷題。一個(gè)人所接觸的物體的溫度會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的情緒，同樣體溫的高低也可能有同樣的影響。
小題5:主旨大意題。全篇文章就是圍繞第一段提出的論點(diǎn)展開的。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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The stepsisters were cruel: they always threw Cinderella’s food into the ashes of the fire and made her sleep on the ashes on the floor, hence（因此）her name.
In the original story, the king’s ball actually lasted for three days. With the help of the birds, the girl, beautifully dressed, danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her. However, she broke away from him to rush back home each night. On the last night, the prince placed soothing sticky on the stairs; as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuck on it.
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“Turn and peep, there’s blood in the shoe;
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Realizing he had been tricked, the prince returned the daughter to her mother. The other then had to cut off part of her heel in order to fit into the shoe, with the same result. Only Cinderella’s foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her. The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella’s two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches, two birds flew by and plucked(啄) out their eyes. Because of their wickedness and falsehood, they had to spend the rest of their days blind.
The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version. Thank goodness Disney made such changes; it indeed was a wise move.
小題1:What dose the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Such wonderful things.
B．Other well-loved characters.
C．Old fables.
D．Cartoon movies.
小題2:How did Cinderella get her name?
A．The Birds came up with it.
B．It was given by Disney.
C．It came from the word “ash”.
D．She got it from her mother.
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the original story?
A．Helpful mice got Cinderella a beautiful dress.
B．The ball was held to celebrate the prince’s wedding.
C．Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose.
D．The birds told the prince that he had been cheated.
小題4:The moral of the original story is that ____________.
A．a(chǎn) wicked person cannot escape punishment.
B．a(chǎn) devoted person certainly deserves respect.
C．a(chǎn) well-behaved child earns a great reward.
D．a(chǎn) dishonest child cannot get mother love.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
小題1:According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means
[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[C] the scientific community.
[D] people who make good contribution to science.
小題2:We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
Science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.
[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
小題3:The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
are good at producing various gadgets.
[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.
小題4:According to this passage,
[A] English is a sexist language.
only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
小題5:This passage most probably is
[A] a book review.
the preface of a book.
[C] the postscript of a book.
[D] the concluding part of a book.
Vocabulary
subculture       亞文化群（指在一個(gè)社會(huì)或一種文化內(nèi)具有獨(dú)特性的一群人）
superficial    膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的   
lay person       外行，門外漢，俗人
musty       發(fā)毒的，老朽的，陳腐的
gadget       小玩意兒，小配件，新發(fā)明
pervasive       滲透的，彌漫的，遍布的
populate       居住于……中，在……中占一席之地
implicit       含蓄的，內(nèi)含的
unspecified    未特別提出的
offset       抵消，補(bǔ)償

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