Dear Reader，
Today I'm going to ask you to support Wikipedia with a donation. Sounds unusual: Why does one of the world's five most popular websites ask for financial support from its users?
Wikipedia is built differently from almost every other top 50.We have a small number of paid staff, just twenty­three. Wikipedia content is free to use by anyone for any purpose. Wikipedia is run by the non­profit Wikipedia Foundation, which I founded in 2003.
Wikipedia's driven by a global community (群體) of more than 150,000 volunteers, all devoted to sharing knowledge freely. More than 275 million people come to our website every month to access information, free of charge and free of advertising.
Your donation helps us in several ways. Most importantly, you will help us cover the increasing cost of managing global traffic to one of the most popular websites on the Internet. Funds also help us improve the software that runs Wikipedia, making it easier to search, easier to read, and easier to write for. We're bent on growing the free knowledge movement world­wide, by employing new volunteers, and building strategic (戰(zhàn)略的) partnerships with institutes of culture and learning.
Wikipedia is different. It's the largest encyclopedia (百科全書) in history, all written by volunteers.
Like a national park or a school, we don't believe advertising should have a place in Wikipedia. We want to keep it free and strong, but we need the support of thousands of people like you, for your donation will help keep Wikipedia free for the whole world.
Thank you!
Jimmy Wales
小題1:In the letter, Jimmy Wales, the founder of Wikimedia Foundation tries to ________.

A．compare some top websites

B．explain how Wikipedia works

C．introduce a new website to the readers

D．a(chǎn)ppeal to Wikipedia users to make donations

小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about Wikipedia?

A．Due to its less popularity, Wikipedia is no longer attractive to advertising at all.

B．Over 275 million people come to Wikipedia to access information for free weekly.

C．Wikipedia, the world's most popular website, is run by the Wikipedia Foundation.

D．Unlike others, Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia in history, is written by volunteers.

小題3:From the letter we can know donations will help do the following for Wikipedia EXCEPT ________.

A．take on some new volunteers

B．develop an effective new software

C．a(chǎn)ccess free knowledge more easily

D．cover the increasing cost of management

小題4:It can be inferred from the letter that ________.

A．Wikipedia aims to give free access to the sum of all human knowledge

B．those donating to Wikipedia will be eventually employed as its volunteers

C．most websites including Wikipedia rely on financial supports from its users

D．supported by Wikipedia Foundation, Wikipedia wants to be free from advertisements

While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.
The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.
But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.
“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population.” Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, “seven-foot beds would work fine.”
Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.
Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses′ Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.
小題1:What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?

A．To provide better services.

B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

D．To attract more people to become its members.

小題2:Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?

A．7′2″.

B．7′

C．6′6″

D．6′3″

小題3:What may happen to restaurants with small tables?

A．They may lose some customers.

B．They may start businesses elsewhere.

C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

D．They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.

小題4:What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?

A．Tall people pay more for larger beds.

B．6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″beds.

C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.

D．Guest rooms are standardized.

The way we do things round here
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered that in American English "quite" sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly".
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．
Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（氣候），while getting on with business.
Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（準時）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
小題1:The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______．

A．the American bank didn't think much of him

B．the American bank might hire another person

C．it's difficult to get used to American culture

D．it's easy to misunderstand Americans

小題2:The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.

A．encourages	B．helps to narrow
C．increases	D．draws attention to

小題3:According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?

A．Ask the native people for help.

B．Understand and accept them.

C．Do things in our own way.

D．Do in-depth research.

小題4:When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______.

A．Italians

B．Germans

C．Greeks

D．the British

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer．But there is one question that has millions of current answers．That question is “What’s your name?”. Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct．
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents．Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used．Some parents choose the name of a well-known person．A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones．
Some people give their children names that mean good things．Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names．A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road．The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest．
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations．The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals．In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village．Some other occupational names are: Carter ---- a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter ---- a person who made pots and pans．
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native villa．The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture．
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities．When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray．Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman．John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer．
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name．English-speaking people added –s or –son．The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert．Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O．Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell．
小題1:Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A．Places where people lived.

B．People’s characters.

C．Talents that people possessed.

D．People’s occupations.

小題2:According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most
probably ____．

A．owned or drove a cart

B．made things with metals

C．made kitchen tools or containers

D．built houses and furniture

小題3:Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ____．

A．Beatrice Smith	B．Leonard Carter
C．George Longstreet	D．Donald Greenwood

小題4:The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s ____． 

A．later generations	B．friends and relatives
C．colleagues and partners	D．later sponsors

Agricultural experts met in Ethiopia last week to discuss ways to help sub-Saharan Africa become a major producer of wheat. The area traditionally produced little wheat, while North Africa was the grain basket.
Wheat production fell sharply in sub-Saharan countries during the 1980s. In the 1960s, attempts were made to grow wheat in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa and Zimbabwe. But those countries found it was less costly to import wheat from Europe and the United States. Another problem is that Africa's wheat farms were often far from population centers. There also were transportation issues. And some lowlands were not a good place to grow wheat.
Hans Joachim Braun_,one of the experts, says now is a good time to increase wheat production. In the last four years we have seen three major price hikes, where the wheat price and other staple process (主食加工）exploded. And that puts a big, big bill on countries which are depending on wheat imports, and Africa is the biggest wheat importer.
He also says demand for wheat in sub-Saharan Africa is growing faster than for any other crop. With higher income people would like to have more diversified(多樣化）food. But that is possible not the most important one. The most important one is that there is a tremendous migration(移民）of in particular male labor to the cities. And wheat products are convenient food because you can easily buy it. It's easy to process and you also can store it for a few days, which is different from some of the maize and rice products.
There are three possible challenges for growing more wheat in Africa： climate change, disease and pests, like insects. Mr. Braun says rising temperatures should not have a major effect on wheat. In fact, he says, it could help wheat grow in areas with high rainfall totals. As for fighting disease and pests, experts suggest growing more resistant crops. In addition, railroads and roads would have to be improved so large amounts of wheat could be moved to large markets.
小題1:What does the word "hikes" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

A．big changes

B．large increases

C．long trips

D．big bills

小題2:Wheat price exploding indicates_____.

A．sub-Saharan countries need to increase wheat production badly

B．sub-Saharan countries have to issue more money

C．sub-Saharan countries should grow more Corn

D．importing much wheat is urgent

小題3:Why is there a higher demand for wheat in sub-Saharan Africa？

A．Because the number ofhungry people there is increasing.

B．Because higher income people have the diversified need of food.

C．Because male labor are crowding into the cities.

D．Because the wheat price is lower.

小題4:According to Mr. Braun the main challenges for growing more wheat in Africa are_____.

A．climate change and disease

B．resistant crops and climate change

C．rising temperatures and disease and pests

D．disease and pests and inconvenient transportation

Most summer camps for teens center around sports, or music and arts, or just for having fun． But some girls in the Washington suburb of Arlington County, Virginia, went to camp to get a taste of what its like to be a firefighter．
This is not a typical summer camp． But Michelle Pawlaw is glad she signed up for it．"Getting to experience the fires hands-on is really cool and something that most people don't get to do," she said．
Michelle and eight other teenage girls are participating in the three-day camp offered by the Arlington County Fire Department located just outside of Washington．
“The purpose is to try to get young women interested in considering the fire service as a career” said firefighter Clare Burley, who is in charge of the program．
The free of charge, overnight camp is designed to let the girls experience what firefighters do in the line of duty to protect the community．
They take classes and learn how to climb the ladder on a fire truck, operate emergency tools and rescue on injured person． They also do their share of cleaning the firehouse and the equipment Firefighting is still a male-dominated （男性主導(dǎo)） service． Clare joined the department seven years ago, saying "We do everything that the guys do to the same standarD．We are tested to the same standarD．We are expected to operate at the same standard．"
Most of the girls say they had never thought about becoming a firefighter, but the camp was a great learning experience．
"I think it is definitely not a job that only men can do. Women can do it just as well as men can," said Michelle Pawlaw．
'I think I can help other people if they need help and know what to do in case I am at a fire myself," said Kayla Ehrlich．
"I think it's fantastic; I could consider taking it as a career some day．" said Monica Bartorsh．
And, the girls say, by spending three days together, they also made new friends and had a lot of fun．
小題1:____might become a firefighter in the future．

A．Monica	B．Kayla
C．Michelle	D．Clare

小題2:What can be inferred from the text?

A．The camp offers classes on curing the injured

B．Teenage girls will become volunteer firefighters

C．Women can perform as well as men in firefighting

D．Firefighting will soon be a female-dominated service

小題3:What do we know about Clare Burley from the passage?

A．She has served the department for 7 years

B．She doesn't like her career as a firefighter

C．She is the designer of the camp program

D．She does better in firefighting than men

小題4:The purpose of the text is____．

A．to attract more campers

B．to introduce a new type of camp

C．to praise women firefighters

D．to gain support from government

The western world has always been divided into two types of people—the cool and the uncool. It is a   11   that starts in school. The cool kids are good at sports. They are popular with the opposite sex. They are good-looking and people want to   12    their style. They can do their homework but they don’t make a big effort. That would not be cool.
The    13    kids are in the other corner of the playground. They are very bright, but they don’t have great    14   skills, not popular with the opposite sex and they are    15   at sports. When they are not programming computers or doing calculus (微積分) , they are watching shows like the “X Files”. They are known as the geeks.
But the geeks are taking over. Make friends with them now or they will put virus in your computer and    16    your maths homework to ruin. Geeks might not be popular at school, yet they do pass their examinations. They   17   good degrees, though they might not be too popular at university.
The most important   18   of the 21st century, computers and IT, has been at least partly created by geeks. Geek heroes like Bill Gates    19   others to follow their examples. Being a geek is a way of earning good money. And the creation of the Internet gave them a    20    of their own to work and play in, making them a global force.    21  , the effect of the geeks on popular culture has started a new trend. It is now cool to be    22  . Geek culture is becoming an important part of general popular culture, in which what you    23   is more important than what you look like.
But there are also    24  . Geeks were often bullied (欺侮) or laughed at in school. Now a geek may be your    25  . Perhaps it is time for punishment.

小題1:	A．time B．division C．group D．part

小題2:	A．show B．a(chǎn)ct C．copy D．represent

小題3:	A．uncool B．unimportant C．clever D．strange

小題4:	A．personal B．a(chǎn)ttractive C．experimental D．social

小題5:	A．tasteless B．careless C．hopeless D．helpless

小題6:	A．introduce B．bring C．prefer D．a(chǎn)dd

小題7:	A．score B．lack C．take D．save

小題8:	A．discovery B．industry C．progress D．improvement

小題9:	A．excite B．discourage C．demand D．promise

小題10:

A．world B．challenge C．chance D．heaven

小題11:

A．However B．Therefore C．Still D．Besides

小題12:

A．imaginative B．uncool C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．cool

小題13:

A．remember B．understand C．receive D．know

小題14:

A．dangers B．questions C．possibilities D．wonders

小題15:

A．secretary B．trainee C．friend D．boss

Winning the lottery (彩票) is not the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow for many past winners. Sad stories do exist in large numbers for the past lottery winners and that's why some financial experts say "70 percent of lottery winners will squander away (亂花) winning within a few years." Some end up losing all within two years, family relationships destroyed or even worse.
Wayne Schenk was an old soldier diagnosed with lung cancer. When he won a million dollars in a lottery he thought his troubles were over and he would get the advanced medical treatment that might save his life. But Lottery officials refused to pay him the total sum in a single payment and they said they could not make an exception to the regulations. When Schenk died in 2007, he'd only received one payment of $34,000.
Another lottery winner, Billy Bob Harrell, Jr. killed himself two years after winning 31 million dollars in the Texas lottery in 1997.He'd spent large amounts of money and given large amounts away, but he didn't end me expected peace that should have come with the freedom of money.
Other lottery winners have ended up in prison for crimes. Many suffer bankruptcy (破產(chǎn)) after the big jackpot (頭獎) is spent and given away, including some of the eight people who won the 365 million Powerball in 2006.
The examples given paint a sad picture of what can happen if you win a big lottery jackpot, but fortunately, these examples don't tell the stories of all jackpot winners.
小題1:What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A．Most lottery winners use up money quickly.

B．Most lottery winners don't really end up well.

C．Winning lottery means relationships destroyed.

D．Financial experts are against the lottery industry.

小題2:Why did lottery officials refuse to give Wayne Schenk the million dollars in one payment?

A．He was diagnosed with lung cancer.

B．He was unwilling to give away his money.

C．They had to observe the official rules.

D．They didn't want to disturb his peace.

小題3:The author supports his main idea by ____.

A．giving examples	B．making comparisons
C．listing numbers	D．listing reasons

小題4:In the following paragraph, the author will probably talk about_____.

A．a(chǎn)dvice given by financial experts

B．happy stories of the lottery winners

C．conclusion drawn by the author

D．regulations about lottery winning

Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was  36   in Britain in 1881 to restrict  37  from foreign countries. In the United States, businesses and labor unions 38  “fair trade” laws to construct構(gòu)建what economist Joseph Stiglitz calls “barriers to imports.” These so called “anti-dumping(反傾銷)” laws allow a company that  39  a foreign one of selling a product below cost to request that the government charge收費special taxes to protect it from “unfair”  40  .
Such dark protectionist thoughts are far from the  41  of the organizers of the United Kingdom’s annual “Fairtrade Fortnight”. Their  42   aim is to raise the price paid to developing-country farmers for their 43  by cutting out the inflated profits虛抬利潤of the middlemen on whom they  44  for getting their goods to distant markets. Fair-trade products  45  cocoa, coffee, tea, and bananas do not compete with domestic European production, and  46  do not have a protectionist motive(動機).
This is how it works: In  47  for being paid a guaranteed price and meeting “agreed labor and environmental standards” (minimum wages, no farm chemicals ), poor-country farming cooperatives(合作社) receive a FAIRTRADE mark for their products, given  48  by the FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization. This mark 49  supermarkets and other businesses to sell the products at a higher than  50   price . Third-world farmers get their income increased,  51  first-world consumers get to feel virtuous: a marriage made in heaven.
The fair-trade movement,  52  in the 1980’s, has been growing rapidly. In a significant breakthrough in 1997, the British House of Commons   53   to serve only fair-trade coffee. By the end of 2007, more than 600 producers’ organizations,   54  1.4 million farmers in 58 countries, were selling fair-trade products. Today, a quarter of all bananas in UK supermarkets are sold under a FAIRTRADE mark. But FAIRTRADE-labeled products still represent a very  55  share—typically less than 1%—of global sales of cocoa, tea, coffee, etc.

小題1:	A．discovered B．founded C．encouraged D．promoted

小題2:	A．imports B．exports C．output D．trade

小題3:	A．disobey B．break C．use D．study

小題4:	A．suspects B．needs C．wants D．a(chǎn)dvertises

小題5:	A．a(chǎn)greement B．contract C．game D．competition

小題6:	A．worries B．minds C．comments D．projects

小題7:	A．educational B．political C．worthy高尚 D．immediate

小題8:	A．favour B．benefit C．interest D．produce (n.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)

小題9:	A．depend B．spend C．look D．a(chǎn)pply

小題10:

A．a(chǎn)s B．like C．with D．for

小題11:

A．instead B．otherwise C．therefore D．a(chǎn)nyhow

小題12:

A．fear B．store C．preparation D．exchange

小題13:

A．secretly B．publicly C．officially D．successfully

小題14:

A．urges B．enables C．orders D．forces

小題15:

A．normal B．potential C．lowest D．best

小題16:

A．when B．while C．a(chǎn)s D．but

小題17:

A．launched B．a(chǎn)rranged C．invented D．developed

小題18:

A．wanted B．refused C．had D．decided

小題19:

A．telling B．representing C．Choosing D．receiving

小題20:

A．small B．little C．good D．large

As a leading safari(狩獵游)company in Kenya，Game-watchers has been recognized s the Tour Operator of 20 11 Kenya Travel Awards，and rewarded with some other international tour prizes in recent years．
Safari tours go to some of the best wildlife national parks and game parks in Africa， even the Masai Mara in Kenya．We are ready to offer a more personalized service，including staying in smaller safari eco-camps and providing high quality professional safari guides，plus 4x4 safari vehicles for game drives．We can also offer you the choice to fly straight into the wildlife areas，using light airplane，to avoid lengthy road journeys．
Here is a typical Tour Plan of Game-watchers(2 nights／3 days)

If you have any further questions, please contact us at www. Gamewatchers. com or call us at 0944-598-580.
小題1:According to the passage，Game-watchers is

A．a(chǎn) travel plan in Kenya’s best national parks

B．Kenya’s largest and best safari company

C．Kenya’s online travel company of game drives

D．a(chǎn) winner of many travel awards home and abroad

小題2:Which of the following is offered as an alternative means of transportation if you can’t wait to get into the wildlife areas?

A．4×4 safari vehicle．	B．Plane
C．Walk．	D．Bus

小題3:How many meals are offered in a typical Tour Plan of 2 nights／3days?

A．Nine．	B．Eight
C．Seven．	D．Six.

小題4:The author’s purpose of writing the passage is

A．to introduce the beautiful scenery of Kenya

B．to make an advertisement for a tour company

C．to inform tourists of the detailed tour information

D．to make people curious about the wild life in Kenya