LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology professor is researching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
“The hate we hold within us is a cancer.” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become volunteers in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in each group of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with a director every two weeks.
The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.”
Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
“The main idea is to give you guidances on how to look at all kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said, “I believe forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people want to get free of the past.”
小題1:From this passage we know that ________.

A．without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood pressure and heart disease

B．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

C．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

D．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hate

小題2:If you are angry with somebody, you should ________.

A．a(chǎn)ttend Hart’s course

B．persuade him or her to have a positive talk with you

C．never meet him or her any longer

D．treat him or her positively instead of negatively

小題3:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ________.

A．meet their enemies

B．change their attitudes

C．enjoy the professor’s teaching

D．learn how to quarrel with others

小題4:If you are a volunteer in Hart’s workshop, you’ll ________.

A．meet in eight or ten groups

B．get rid of the illness of cancer

C．a(chǎn)ttend a gathering twice a month

D．pour out everything stored in your mind

小題5:The author wrote this passage in order to________.

A．persuade Britons to go to Hart’s workshop

B．tell us the news about Hart’s research

C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s

D．help us to look at all kinds of angers

Our lifestyles today are very busy. We have family, school, sports, entertainment and social activities to fit into a time that seems never enough. We need to be healthy to meet the demands of daily life. But what does it mean to have a healthy lifestyle?
To have a healthy lifestyle, we need to:
◆ eat different kinds of healthy food most of the time
◆ do exercise often
◆ have time to relax
◆ get enough sleep to give our bodies time to grow healthy and strong
Read about a normal day in the lives of two children.

Abbey gets up at 7:00 am, feeds the dog, and has cereal and a glass of juice for breakfast.  She walks to school with her friend, Julia. She has a bag of chips for a morning snack, drinks water, and has a chicken and lettuce sandwich with a banana for lunch. She likes to play soccer with her friends at lunch and morning break time. She walks home with Julia, has some crackers with cheese and juice for afternoon snack and plays with the dog for a while. She plays computer games for an hour or two before dinner, then has a shower and does her homework. She watches her favorite television show for an hour, then usually goes to bed at about 9:30 pm.

Carl gets up at 8:30 am and has two pieces of bread with jam and a glass of milk for breakfast. His mother drives him to school on her way to work. He eats cookies with juice for morning snack and a pot pie ordered from the school lunch room with juice for lunch. He likes to play card games with his friends at lunchtime and climb the fixed equipment at morning break time. He catches the bus home, has a cereal bar and a can of soda for afternoon snack, then watches some television. He has a shower before dinner, then plays the computer for an hour or two. He goes to bed at about 10:30 pm.

No matter which kind of lifestyle you agree on, just remember it’s important to balance all aspects of life.
小題1:About a healthy lifestyle, the writer doesn’t talk about __________.

A．diet

B．exercise

C．relaxation

D．medicine

小題2:What can we learn from the article?

A．Abbey plays soccer with her friends at school.

B．Abbey does her homework first after school.

C．Carl goes to school by bus every day.

D．Carl has juice for breakfast.

小題3:Where is the article probably from?

A．A health magazine.

B．A clothing website.

C．A sports guidebook.

D．A travel advertisement.

Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behavior, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive（不坦率的）person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn（頑固的）, but you aren't very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up（卷曲）, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people．You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
小題1: According to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality _________.

A．only in a normal night

B．only when you go to sleep

C．only when you refuse to show yourself to the world

D．only when you change sleeping position

小題2: Which is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a person's personality？

A．He or she is always open with others.

B．He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others.

C．He or she is always easily upset.

D．He or she tends to believe in others.

小題3: Maybe you don't want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up. Why？

A．He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you.

B．He or she is rarely ready to help you.

C．He or she prefers staying at home to going out.

D．He or she wouldn't like to get help from you.

小題4:It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because __________.

A．he or she always shows sympathy for people

B．he or she is confident，but not stubborn

C．he or she has more strengths than weaknesses

D．he or she often considers annoying people

Eat nuts, live longer.  Researchers have found that those who eat a handful of peanuts every day significantly decrease their risk of dying from all causes compared to those who do not eat nuts. A new study concludes that all types of nuts seem to be protective.
Researcher Ying Bao is with the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She and her colleagues looked at the impact of nut consumption by analyzing two huge studies that began in 1980 - the Nurses’ Health Study, which tracks the well-being of more than 76,000 women, and 42,000 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
Among the questions asked at the beginning of the studies was, 'how frequently do you eat nuts?'  The information was updated every two to four years. Bao says the participants were followed for three decades.
“What we observed is that people who eat more nuts are less likely to die over the next 30 years," said Bao. "So, for example, if a person eat(s) nuts once per day, that person has a 20 percent lower risk of dying.”
Bao says eating a handful of nuts five or more times per week was associated with a 29 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease and an 11 percent lower risk of cancer death.  A serving size is 28 grams.
Nuts contain nutrients, including high quality proteins, vitamins and minerals, all of which have anti-cancer effects and may help protect the heart.
Bao says researchers are planning studies to find out how nuts are beneficial to human health.
The study on the health benefits of nuts was funded by the International Tree Nut Council Research and Education Foundation.
小題1:People who often eat nuts ________.

A．a(chǎn)re more likely to live longer than people who often eat fruits

B．don’t need to go to hospital

C．may live longer than people who don’t eat nuts

D．don’t have to do sports

小題2:The underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 2 shares the same meaning as “________”.

A．illness

B．health

C．diet

D．habit

小題3:About Bao’s research, which statement is true?

A．She has done the research by herself.

B．Her research was based on two studies.

C．Her research lasted about three years.

D．People should eat all kinds of nuts every day.

小題4:Eating nuts may help us stay away from ________.

A．cancer

B．fever

C．flu

D．headache

小題5:The passage is most probably from a journal of ___________ .

A．entertainment

B．diet

C．sports

D．science

We humans love to scare ourselves. Newspapers and TV news are full of shock-horror stories about the killer flu virus(流感病毒)but are there things we can do to cut our risk of catching it?
Every year, people in Britain catch the flu virus and some of those who are already ill, or are very young, may die. It is very sad, but modern treatment means that many deaths can be avoided.
Experts tell us that the world is another flu epidemic(流行)and that the latest bird-flu virus would be the most likely cause. Humans can catch the disease only after closely contacting with a sick bird. However, if someone who had normal flu was to come into contact with bird flu, this could be very dangerous. The bird flu virus could attach(附在)itself to the human flu virus, mutate and then start to spread from person to person.
Coughs and sneezes(打噴嚏)always have spread diseases, especially colds and flu, and they still do. If bird flu does begin to infect humans, it will spread through coughs and sneezes.
If you want to stay free of flu and someone coughs or sneezes at you, what should you do?
First, keep your hands away from your face and wash them and your face as soon as you can. If a cough or a sneeze spray misses your face and you accidentally touch a droplet with your hands and then touch your face, the flu or cold bug could creep into your system.
小題1:The chances of most people catching bird flu are very small because __________.

A．they are strong enough to resist the infection

B．only after closely contacting a sick bird can they be infected

C．bird flu does not happen very often in the world

D．only those who are ill can be infected

小題2:In the passage the underlined word “mutate” probably means“__________”.

A．differ

B．produce

C．increase

D．change

小題3:If a man with common flu is infected with bird flu, __________.

A．there must be no cure for him

B．the disease will spread among humans

C．he must feel cold

D．he is likely to die

小題4:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Bird flu is the most dangerous disease.

B．Normal flu can be easily changed into Bird flu.

C．We don’t need to worry about flu virus.

D．The person who has normal flu and comes into contact with bird flu can easily get Bird flu.

小題5:The last paragraph of the passage tells us __________.

A．the reason why people with flu often cough

B．coughs and sneezes are very dangerous

C．how to protect ourselves from being infected

D．how to avoid coughs and sneezes

Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (細菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精煉米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (維生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.
Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.
小題1:The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.

A．a(chǎn) medical treatment

B．a(chǎn) kind of vitamin

C．a(chǎn) kind of germ

D．a(chǎn) kind of rice

小題2:Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.

A．spend his holiday

B．find ways to grow better crops

C．do some research about the island

D．help the Javanese with their illness

小題3:Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?

A．To eat them.

B．To carry out his experiments.

C．To give the Javanese a surprise.

D．To make money by selling them.

小題4:If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.

A．eat more rice

B．eat more meat

C．eat some chicken

D．eat vitamin pills

小題5:We can learn from the passage that ______.

A．beri-beri was caused by chickens

B．the Javanese didn’t like vitamins

C．Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful

D．the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ

Imagine you are doing this reading in this text on the computer; what else are you doing? Maybe you’re eating a sandwich or drinking a cup of Starbucks. Should you eat while reading?
There aren’t many believable numbers, but we do know the number of people who eat while sitting in front of some type of screen is growing. A recent study found that 33 percent of families always have the TV on during meal times and another 27 percent people have it on at least half the time. Another 10 percent may be texting, emailing or talking on a cell phone while eating.
Any type of these behaviors is bad, considering the following evidence:
A Canadian study found that children who watch more than three hours of cartoons a day are 50 percent more likely to be fat than children who watch fewer than two hours. The researchers concluded that more than 60 percent of overweight incidents can be connected with screen watching too much.
A three-week study found that adults who usually play with smartphones less burned 119 more calories per day.
One Chicago researcher found that people eat more potato chips while reading online than when they have the laptop turned off.
There has been very little investigation(調(diào)查) into eating with your eyes staring at a screen or reading a book, but it is likely that his mindless eating is related to weight gain. Simply speaking, your brain has no idea what is going on with your mouth because it is occupied by other things. You don’t notice how full your stomach is, and you often don’t even notice the taste or the act of chewing and swallowing, as a result of which, developing an adapted dietary habit is a must.
小題1:The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________.

A．stories and explanations	B．examples and investigations
C．a(chǎn)n argument and evidence	D．facts and descriptions

小題2:Which of the following statement is true?

A．Being focused while eating is a good way to have a good figure.

B．Adults’ weight is not affected by their eating habits.

C．There exist many investigations into eating while reading.

D．This text must be found on a website.

小題3:What can be the best title of this passage? 

A．How Should You Lose Weight?

B．Should You Do Other Things While Eating?

C．Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Habits

D．TV and Eating

小題4:What will the author probably continue to write?

A．Express healthy eating ways.

B．Give more useful investigations into eating.

C．Describe the study about the old who watch less TV while eating.

D．Tell the proper ways to watch TV.

The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery－operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day－often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3．How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海綿)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小題1:What is found out about American seniors?

A．Most of them have good habits.

B．Nearly 30%of them bathe three days a week.

C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.

小題2:Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.

A．twice a day	B．three times a day
C．four times a day	D．eight times a day

小題3:Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．We should keep from touching our faces.

B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

小題4:The text probably comes from________.

A．a(chǎn) guide book	B．a(chǎn) popular magazine
C．a(chǎn) book review	D．a(chǎn)n official document

Britons Learn to Forgive
LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology(心理學) professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
“The hatred (仇恨) we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.
The course ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said. “People confuse（混淆） forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.” Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with, ”said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past”.
小題1:From this passage we know that      .

A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred

B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart

D．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

小題2:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can      .

A．meet their enemies

B．change their minds

C．enjoy the professor’s speech

D．learn how to quarrel with others

小題3:If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll      .

A．pay much money to Hart

B．go to the workshop every night

C．a(chǎn)ttend a gathering every fortnight

D．pour out everything stored in your mind

小題4:The author wrote this passage in order to      .

A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop

B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop

C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s

D．help us to look at various kinds of angers

A recent study suggests that teens’ relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don’t get a good night’s sleep.
David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics (動態(tài)) have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens’ sleep.
And problems at school also affected teens’ sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night’s sleep.
These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we’re happy and contented, we’re much more likely to sleep better than if we’re sad and anxious.
Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It’s a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers.
Clearly, teenagers aren’t getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?

A．Teens’ sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.

B．Lack of adequate sleep puts teens at risk of many bad consequences.

C．Modern technology has something to do with teens’ sleep problems.

D．It is necessary for teens to join in sports and positive social activities.

小題2:According to Maume’s analysis, who will probably have a poor night’s sleep?

A．Teens who feel like talking with their parents.

B．Teens who have friends sharing their dreams.

C．Teens who feel contented about themselves.

D．Teens who lack a sense of security at school.

小題3: Para 5 functions as              .

A．a(chǎn) comparison

B．a(chǎn)n introduction

C．a(chǎn) conclusion

D．a(chǎn)n addition

小題4: Parents are supposed to               when their kids are growing up.

A．continue their broken marriage

B．a(chǎn)llow children to decide when to sleep

C．limit teens’ using new technology

D．force teens to have 10 hours’ sleep daily