The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer. 
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs.  The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape.  The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness.  In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors（腫瘤）of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles.  As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure.  Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer.  Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking.  Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___. 
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura.  In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions.  The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs.  Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.

小題1:	A．skin B．blood C．liver D．lung

小題2:	A．loses B．gains C．improves D．tightens

小題3:	A．early B．formal C．later D．final

小題4:	A．size B．color C．sound D．smell

小題5:	A．noun B．term C．way D．a(chǎn)pproach

小題6:	A．related B．revealed C．compared D．exposed

小題7:	A．disappear B．spread C．live D．extend

小題8:	A．presence B．a(chǎn)ctiveness C．a(chǎn)bsence D．intensity

小題9:	A．a(chǎn)nd B．a(chǎn)longside C．a(chǎn)s well as D．plus

小題10:

A．decreased B．lost C．doubled D．increased

小題11:

A．diet B．drink C．smoke D．fare

小題12:

A．high B．low C．common D．frequent

小題13:

A．lead B．a(chǎn)sbestos C．carbon D．hydrogen

小題14:

A．Three B．Some C．No D．Other

小題15:

A．in case B．now that C．whereas D．unless

Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引發(fā)) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近紅外線(xiàn)) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外線(xiàn)) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反應(yīng)的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

A．Temperature change.

B．NIR light.

C．Acidity change.

D．UV light.

小題2:Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

A．It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

B．It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

C．It has not come onto the market up till now.

D．It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

小題3:Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

A．protected

B．formed

C．exposed

D．combined

●What prevents depression：tea，coffee or hot chocolate?
Women who drink for or more cups of coffee a day are a fifth less likely to become depressed．Drinking two or three cups reduces the risk by 15 percent. This is the result of a study of 51,000 women over ten years, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association.
One theory is that caffeine reduces the  effect of the chemical adenosine(腺苷) in the brain, which can make us feel sleepy by slowing down nerve cell activity. Some anti-depressants also work by blocking the adenosine receptors. Coffee was found to be far more influential on depression levels than hot chocolate or tea due to the high caffeine content.
●How many eggs can we healthily eat: one a day or two a day?
Neither-eat them freely. We’ve long been warned to stick to two or three eggs a week because of their high cholesterol(膽固醇)content. But according to the Food Standards Agency, there is no recommended limit to how many eggs we can healthily eat, unless you have been told to cut down by your doctor.
There is no evidence that eating eggs raises cholesterol levels, and researchers found that eggs contain less cholesterol than in the past because hens are no longer given bone meal, which was banned in the 1990s after the BSE(瘋牛病) cresis.
Research by the British Egg Council found that a medium egg gives you around 100 mg of cholesterol, a third of the 300mg recommended daily limit.
小題1:What is considered to fight depression best?

A．Tea．

B．Chocolate．

C．Adenosine．

D．Coffee．

小題2:We can infer from the text that     ．

A．too much caffeine will probably make people sleepy

B．coffee contains less caffeine than tea or hot chocolate

C．one is depressed if his brain chemical adenosine is active

D．tea and hot chocolate have no effect on men’s depression

小題3:What can we learn about eggs from the text?

A．We should stick to two or three eggs a week in general．

B．Eat as many eggs as you like unless your doctor advises you not to．

C．Eggs contain more cholesterol at present than ever before．

D．One egg daily and you’ll get more cholesterol than recommended．

According to a new study by Israel researchers from University of Haifa, posting blogs to express feelings and emotions is therapeutic for children aged 13-17. Psychology professors Meyran Boniel-Nissim and Azy Barak have found that a teenager writing a publicly-viewed blog on the Internet is more effective for relieving stress rather than keeping a private diary. The study, published in the journal Psychological Services, supports that expressing oneself through writing can be therapeutic.
To conduct the research, Boniel-Nissim and Barak randomly selected Israeli high school students who displayed a certain degree of stress. The teenagers were then divided into six groups. Two groups were asked to post blogs twice a week about their social difficulties, but only one of them was asked to open the blogs for comments. The next set of groups were also asked to blog twice a week to post about whatever was going on in their mind, again with one group allowing comments. The two control groups were asked to keep an old-fashioned private diary.
The researchers then collected the blog posts and diaries to discuss the adolescents’ emotional and social position. From the research, they saw that the greatest improvement in mood was with the bloggers who wrote about their personal troubles and allowed people to interact with their posts. The research also noted that the comments were mostly positive and constructive. Boniel-Nissim and Barak said that the commentators’ interactions helped the bloggers while they were distressed. The conclusive research noted that expressing yourself on the Internet not only let others know what was personally going on with you, but also helped you figure out some things about yourself too.
小題1:The underlined word “therapeutic” in Paragraph 1 can be best explained as “     ”.

A．a(chǎn)ttractive to teens

B．a(chǎn)ddictive for children

C．making people feel calm and relaxed

D．a(chǎn)ble to be easily hurt

小題2:______________were selected for the research.

A．Those who blogged regularly.

B．Those who suffered from stress.

C．Those who had never blogged before.

D．Those who had poor social skills.

小題3:The research shows that teens benefit most when       .

A．they blog and allow comments

B．they discuss their study on the blog

C．they keep a traditional diary

D．they comment on someone else’s blog

小題4:We can infer from the last paragraph that blogging ___________.

A．should not always be opened to comments

B．is most useful in improving one’s mood

C．is not an effective way to express one’s feelings

D．can help students see their problems better

In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc together with two brothers named McDonald opened a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main food there. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s”, and they were an instant success. He later took over the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” in America and around the world.
Why was his idea successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. In the 1960s, many women returned to the workplace. This meant that they had less time or energy to prepare meals, so they spent more on “ TV dinners ” and fast-food restaurants. Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast-food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another trend of the 1960s, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement influenced many people to avoid food that was packaged (包裝) or processed(處理). This preference for natural food continued to this day.
From the success of Raymond Kroc’s fast-food business, we can say that social economic trends influence where and what we eat.
小題1:The underlined sentence “Cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth” means that ______.

A．cooking for some people is worth more money

B．it is not worthwhile to take too much time to cook for one person

C．there are more problems when one person cooks

D．cooking for one person cost more money

小題2:Para 3&4 seem to imply (暗示) that ________.

A．many married women began to work in the 1960s

B．natural foods are still popular today

C．fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans

D．divorce (離婚) causes people to change their eating habits

小題3:Which of the following is NOT the reason for McDonald’s success?

A．people living alone tend to depend on fast food

B．single parents have little time to spend in the kitchen

C．many women returned to the workplace in the 1960s

D．Kroc chose the “Mc Donald” brothers as his partners

小題4:The main purpose of the passage is to tell us________.

A．Raymond Kroc is the most successful fast-food business owner in the world

B．social and economic changes affect eating habits

C．fast-food is easy to prepare and serve quickly

D．Americans eat either fast food or natural food

For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world. Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their skin.
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) . A British doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this, and so he studied cowpox. He believed that, by vaccinating (給接種疫苗) people with the disease, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread. Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus, such as rabies (狂犬病), and vaccines were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world. In 1967, the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year. Besides, many new diseases are being discovered. The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries
小題1:Smallpox was so serious that _________________ by the end of l8th century

A．its death rate was up to ten percent

B．those who caught it were certain to die

C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox

D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox

小題2:Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could ____________.

A．make smallpox much milder

B．stop people from getting smallpox

C．protect people against any disease

D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox

小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor.

B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO.

C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered.

D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox.

小題4:The author of the passage thinks that _________________.

A．vaccinations bring many new problems

B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases

C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases

D．there is a long way to go to discover new diseases

閱讀下面短文和問(wèn)題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在答題紙相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)下相關(guān)信息（不多于五個(gè)單詞），完成該問(wèn)題的回答。答語(yǔ)要結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書(shū)寫(xiě)工整，字跡清楚。
These days, people are concerned about the growing number of kids who are overweight. The number of overweight kids has increased a lot over the last 30 years. Today, more than 15% of the kids aged 6 to 19 are overweight.
In a recent study in the USA, 1,168 boys and girls were asked about the problem. More than half of them said too many girls were overweight.
What does “Overweight” Mean?
Most people who are overweight have too much body fat. The person who is overweight weighs more than is healthy. Being overweight can lead to health problems, like heart disease. Overweight kids also may feel sad about the way they look. Sometimes they get laughed at by other kids and it is harder for overweight kids to make friends.
Why Are Some Kids Overweight?
When asked why some kids were overweight, many kids said it was because overweight kids didn’t exercise enough or eat right. Others said that kids were overweight because fast food restaurants serve the wrong foods or it’s a problem of genes.
How Are the Kids Trying to Lose Weight?
Plenty of kids said they have tried to lose weight and they have been trying to do the following:
● go on a diet – 17%
● eat healthy and exercise – 64%
● eat out less – 4%
● take medicine – 5%
It’s great that kids are thinking about weight problems and are trying to solve them. It’s like putting together a difficult puzzle. Understanding that there’s a problem is one piece. Understanding what causes kids to be overweight is another. And knowing that eating healthy and exercising are the best ways to fix the problem is a very important piece.
小題1:How do overweight kids feel about the way they look?
___________________________________________________________________
小題2:Some kids have tried to lose weight. What have 64% of them been trying to do?
___________________________________________________________________
小題3:What is the passage mainly about?
___________________________________________________________________

You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(內(nèi)化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
小題1:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A．People and things around you.	B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices.	D．Victims and their sufferings.

小題2:According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.

A．seem willing to experience failures in life

B．possess the ability to predict future life

C．handle ups and downs of life wisely

D．have potential to create something new

小題3:What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

C．Victims can influence more people than creators.

D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

小題4:The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.

A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.

B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.

C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.

D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.

小題5:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To define victims and creators.

B．To evaluate victims against creators.

C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily activity may change：you find yourself awake and active in the middle of the night；you sleep late into the day.  You stay in your room and have little contact with people except with those who speak your language. In your mind，you criticize the people around you；You are constantly comparing between life here and the perfect life back home. Above a11, you are homesick almost all the time.
If you ever find yourself behaving in these ways，you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological condition that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live into a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them-the food，the weather, the language，and especially the unwritten rules for social behavior.
Culture shock is caused. therefore，by a lack of familiarity with the system of rules that the new society uses for everyday living. Language is an obvious example of one type of these rules. If your language is limited，even the simplest task can suddenly become difficult for you. However, knowledge of the language doesn’t make you free from the effects of culture shock as many Britons in the United States and many Americans in Britain will experience. Most people are unaware that each culture has its own rules for social behavior；they certainly think that polite， civilized people behave the same way worldwide. This mistaken belief will cause you to behave and judge the behavior of others according to the rules you learned as a member of your own culture. If the rules are different, then people will misunderstand your behavior, and you will misunderstand theirs.
How can you deal with culture shock? First, you need to realize that every newcomer suffers from some culture shock. You’re not the only case. Second，remember that culture shock can be cured. The process of recovery will start as you begin to become used to the new culture. Of course learning the language will help remove the obstacles to communication and will ease the job of making Mends with people. Recognizing and learning the new cultural rules of behavior, however, may be just as important. You’ll still have emotional reactions to unfamiliar situations but you’11 find yourself making jokes about them rather than condemning the entire society as “stupid.” The jokes are a good sign：they show that you are recovering.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?

A．the causes of culture shock

B．some signs of culture shock

C．the cure for culture shock

D．a(chǎn)n explanation of culture shock

小題2:What does the underlined word obstacles mean?

A．things that make a task easy

B．things that make at ask enjoyable

C．things that make a task difficult

D．things that make at ask funny

小題3:What can be concluded when you find yourself making jokes about new culture?

A．You are about to recover from culture shock.

B．You have completely got rid of culture shock.

C．You never suffered from culture shock before.

D．You’re in culture shock for many years.

小題4: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．The passage suggests that culture shock makes you miss your family badly.

B．A good knowledge of the language will prevent you suffering from culture shock.

C．In the writer’s opinion，the social rules for polite，civilized behavior are international.

D．If you have a perfect knowledge of their language, you will never be misunderstood.