There is an English saying:“1._________.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.
Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.
2. ________
     Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films
while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter
has similar effects to physical exercise. 3.__________. If laughter exercises the body, it must be
beneficial（有益的）.
     Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.
In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.
The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny
program.4._________.
      5.__________. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making
them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.

A. Laughter can prolong（延長）one’s life.
B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in
which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals
in the brain which diminish (減少) both stress and pain.
D. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of
muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E. Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice.
F. Laughter is the best medicine.
G. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health

     It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their
luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the
biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to
a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學(xué)術(shù)界) outweigh
any financial considerations.
     Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a
medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia
mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of
inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee's is one of them.
     The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy
Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of
Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to
university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater
intellectual (知識的) opportunities.
     Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a
wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換) to academia more
attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as
how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed
to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when
they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. "Only
a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university
who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market
than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project."

1. By "a one-way street" (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means _______.

A. university researchers know little about the commercial world
B. there is little exchange between industry and academia
C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research

2. The word "deterrent" (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

A. keeps someone from taking action
B. helps to move the traffic
C. attracts people's attention
D. brings someone a financial burden

3. What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A. Flexible work hours.       
B. Her research interests.
C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.

4. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A. do financially more rewarding work
B. raise his status in the academic world
C. enrich his experience in medical research
D. exploit better intellectual opportunities

5. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A. Increase its graduates' competitiveness in the job market.
B. Develop its students' potential in research.
C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D. Gear its research towards practical applications.

     Nuclear energy has always been controversial. But since the tsunami and nuclear disaster in
Fukushima (Japan) last year the issue is back in the headlines. And the world is divided- some countries
are planning more nuclear plants, while others have promised to shut theirs down.
     After Fukushima, Germany decided to switch off all its nuclear plants by 2022. Switzerland and Italy
are also phasing out nuclear power. But France and the United States remain staunch supporters of
atomic energy. In fact, almost 80% of France's electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest
percentage in the world. And in the US, the Obama administration said it "continues to support the
expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan."
     Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power
doesn't create greenhouse gases. So, pro-nuclear countries argue that nuclear power allows them to
generate energy without contributing to climate change. Britain's chief scientific adviser (John Beddington)
supports this view. He recently said that the world doesn't have the luxury of ignoring nuclear energy.
Nuclear power is also relatively cheap. Renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro and wind power
may be clean, but they're expensive; and right now, they require a lot of investment. This higher cost of
using "green energy" is usually passed onto the consumer. So, while many people may prefer their energy
to come from a renewable source, not so many are prepared to pay higher energy bills. This is of
particular concern while the world economy is in such bad shape.
     The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn't safe. For a start, nuclear waste is very difficult
to dispose of, and remains toxic to humans for thousands of years. And even before Fukushima, there
were several high-profile nuclear disasters. The most famous is probably the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in
the Ukraine. The radiation from the meltdown spread all over Europe, affecting thousands.
     The nuclear energy issue is very complex. And it doesn't look like it'll be resolved anytime soon. As a
Japanese commentator recently said, "it's been a bad year for the 'nuclear village', but I don't think they're down and out yet." The battle continues.

1. Which of the following may NOT be the advantage of nuclear energy over other energy sources? 

A. Nuclear energy doesn't produce any greenhouse gases.
B. Nuclear energy can help prevent the climate damage.
C. Nuclear energy is more environmental-friendly than other green energy sources.
D. Nuclear energy can save the consumers some money, compared to other renewable energies.

2. What does the underlined word "this " refer to in paragraph 4? 

A. The fact that many people prefer to use the green energy sources while unwilling to pay  
     higher bill.
B. The cost of using renewable sources
C. The fact that the nuclear power is cheaper.
D. The investment of renewable energy sources

3. In the 5th paragraph, the author takes the case of Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine to _______.

A. convince the reader that nuclear waste is difficult to get rid of.
B. explain that nuclear waste may remain harmful to humans for thousands of years.
C. persuade the world not to use nuclear energy.
D. support the idea that nuclear energy is not safe.

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.

A. the Japanese commentator is positive about the future of nuclear energy.
B. the nuclear energy issue will be soon settled.
C. a battle will break out in the future.
D. Japan is considering to build a nuclear village in the future.

5. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? 

A. To highlight the danger of using nuclear energy.
B. To introduce some serious nuclear disasters.
C. To show the argument between nuclear supporters and protesters.
D. To give some advice on how to use nuclear energy safely.

     It's a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST): within a week, two
students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings.
     Officials from the university are reluctant (不情愿的) to give interviews.
    "We had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides," said Zhang Jingyuan,
head of HUST's center for research and guidance for students' development.
    "Media coverage (報導(dǎo)) may arouse some students' negative emotions again. Suicide can be
contagious (傳染性的)," Zhang said.
     The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.
     Advisors and class leaders conducted dorm-to-dorm checks to find students suffering depression.
Then psychologists offered one-on-one counseling to them.
     Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers' mental problems and offering help were set up in
front of dorm buildings. Leaflets (傳單) carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm.
     However, the second suicide came seven days later.
     Both students were described as men of few words. Their schoolmates didn't see anything to indicate
suicide.
     Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders. But the school didn't
know this until the students' close friends outside school and their parents unveiled (揭露) the truth after
the suicides.
     According to Zhang, there are only three full-time counselors (心理輔導(dǎo)專家) working in the
university's counseling center for its 60,000 students. He complained: "It's unrealistic to rely only on
counselors to detect students' mental problems."
     Some universities in the US may be able to offer solutions to Zhang's worries. They have established
programs to train students to be the bridge between troubled friends and counselors.
     At Worcester Polytechnic Institute, at Worcester, Massachusetts, US, young people in the Student
Support Network role play to learn how to detect SOS signals from their schoolmates.
     They also practice how to gently persuade emotionally troubled students to go for professional help.
     To develop such empathy (同理心), many universities in China have organized campus events to
popularize knowledge about mental health. But these are not that attractive to students.
     Ke Juanjuan, 24, is pursuing a master's degree in English translation at HUST. Ke has found that few
of her peers will pay attention to activities about mental health when they are not troubled by it.
     Rather than bombard students with the words "mental health", Ke suggested the school organize
lectures and workshops concerning study, job-hunting and relationships. She explained: "Students care
about these topics. They tend to have problems in these areas and may thus get stuck in depression.
     "By helping students better deal with these problems, the school can effectively prevent self-inflicted
injury and suicide among students."
     Effective prevention comes from long-term education for life instead of temporary intervention(干預(yù))
to meet an emergency, said Hu Yi'an. Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou
University. He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life.
     "Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won't resort(訴諸) to ending their lives
when they have difficulties," said Hu.
     According to Hu, the principles can be incorporated (結(jié)合) into everyday teaching.

1. In which column of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?

A. Forum            
B. Campus          
C. Advertisement        
D. Culture

2. Which one of the following is NOT one of the reasons why officials from the university are
    reluctant to give interviews? 

A. The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.
B. They had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides.
C. Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.
D. Two suicides within a week is really a nightmare for the university. 

3. The writer mentions Worcester Polytechnic Institute to______.   

A. encourage universities in China to organize campus events to popularize knowledge about mental health.
B. show their students are good at persuading emotionally troubled peers to go for professional help.
C. give an example of the universities in the US that have established programs to train students to be the
    bridge between troubled friends and counselors.
D. show that Zhang's complaint is wrong. 

4. Which one of the following sentences is NOT true?    

A. According to Ke Juanjuan, students tend to have problems in study, job-hunting and Relations.
B. Effective prevention comes from temporary intervention to meet an emergency.
C. According to Hu Yi'an, education for life helps students respect and love life so they won't commit
    suicide when they have difficulties.
D. According to Hu, education for life can be incorporated into everyday teaching.

5. What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the passage?   

A. The function of education for life.
B. The ways of education for life.
C. The importance of education for life.
D. How to incorporate education for life into everyday teaching.

     Cyberspace, the connections between computers in different places, considered as a real place where
information, messages and pictures exist, mirrors the real world in many ways. People ask for information, play games, and share hobbies. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even
love.
     Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer
screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person's thoughts-or at least the
thoughts they type-are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat room star.
     Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when
you're in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the ideas themselves makes
the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to
chat? But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They're looking for serious love
relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of
these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.
     Supporters of online relationships state that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other
intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way. But critics of online relationships argue that
no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of
control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image
they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their "nonverbal" communication is doing for
their image. In a sense, they're not really themselves.
     All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big
problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it's easy to let one's imagination "fill in the
blanks." This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines
an online friend is often quite more different than the real person. So, before looking for love in
cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer
than anything you'll find on a computer screen."

1. According to the passage, chatting in the cyberspace         .

A. stresses more about people's identity
B. needs people to be rich in knowledge
C. puts emphasis on people's thoughts
D. allows people to discuss politics secretly

2. People who are against online dating think         .

A. what is said online is under control of the Internet
B. one may not show the real self in cyberspace
C. the faceless communication is conservative
D. it is hard to protect the other's identity

3. By saying "With so many unknowns, it's easy to let one's imagination 'fill in the blanks'", the writer
    means that        .

A. people may be disappointed when they meet in person
B. the Internet makes it easy for people to imagine how others view them
C. the Internet allows people to get more information about their loved ones
D. people usually get to know each other by chance through the Internet

4. We can infer from the last paragraph that Clifford      .

A. demands to develop the computer system
B. believes it hopeless to find love online
C. encourages people to enjoy modern life
D. supports to look for love in the real life

     Recently more students are choosing to study abroad as they think it is worthwhile. However, some
people think it is not a good idea. There are a number of disadvantages in studying abroad. The following
paragraphs will explain why students have these views and the advantages of studying abroad will be
discussed.
     Students studying abroad may suffer from racial discrimination (歧視). As they left their home
country, they will become part of a minority group in the new country. The majority group may have a
sense of superiority and try to bully them. It is common that Americans or the British discriminate against
people from other countries since many of them think that white people are better than others.
      In addition, the students may lose their own cultures. Since they have moved to a new place, all the
thing there - people, lifestyle and the living environment---would be different from those in their own
country. As they will have close contact with the local people and culture, they will be influenced by the
new culture even without realizing it. It is ironic that a Chinese person speaks better English than Chinese
and forgets about Chinese culture after studying abroad for a few years.
       On the other hand, studying abroad will widen the view of students. Although they may give up their
own culture, they can really learn from others. As students of the modern world , they should not limit
their scope to their home country, but get exposed to the world. Studying abroad can help them expand
their horizon and learn many things in the host country, as they will meet and make friends with people
from all over the world. So, studying abroad is good for them.
      Furthermore, students will learn how to be mature and independent. Students, when in their home
country, usually rely on their parents. Statistics show that Chinese students usually rely heavily on their
parents; they will leave problems alone and ask their parents to solve them. If they are studying abroad,
on many occasions they have to learn how to cope with difficulties they meet. As a result, studying
abroad benefits them.
   Moreover, the education system of the foreign country may be better than the home country's
education system. The home country's education system is very limited. Many teachers just spoon-feed
their students. They will ask the students to recite a lot of things and then ask them to write them down.
This choice of subjects in school, especially in secondary school, is very narrow; the students cannot
choose what they want most. But in some schools in Britain and America, students can choose from a
wider range of subjects at school. For example, media studies and corporate communications are
courses of study in some schools of those two countries. If students choose to study abroad, they may
have the opportunity to learn more things under a better education system.
     All in all, studying abroad will change and influence a student in many aspects. Although it is uncertain
if the effects will be positive or negative, I believe students should seize the opportunity to study abroad
because they will meet many new things and have new experiences in the new country. If they are clever
enough, I think they can find a balance between learning about the new culture and holding onto their
own one.

1. Students studying abroad _____.

A. will be respected by the locals.
B. will forget their ancestors.
C. may be treated unfair.
D. may have difficulty overcoming homesickness.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. The language environment will shorten the time of learning a language.
B. Students studying abroad may be influenced by the new culture unknowingly.
C. Studying abroad is much more comfortable than studying in your own country.
D. A Chinese studying abroad only needs a few years to speak excellent English.

3. Why can studying abroad widen the view of students?

A. Because they may give up their own culture.
B. Because they have to solve everything on their own.
C. Because they can recite a lot of things and write them down.
D. Because they can meet and make friends with people from around the world.

4. From the last paragraph, we can know that the writer _______. 

A. agrees that students should take the opportunity to study abroad.
B. thinks that the effects of studying abroad will be positive and helpful.
C. has been to a foreign country to see new things and have new experience.
D. has found a balance between learning about a new culture and holding onto his own.

5. Which of the following can best serve as a title for this passage? 

A. Should students study abroad and work there?
B. Should students leave their own country and study abroad?
C. Should students studying abroad give up their own culture?
D. Should students learn how to be mature and independent?

     XI'AN - China's conservation work for the endangered crested ibis (朱鹮) is facing new challenges
, including an increasing death rate due to inbreeding (同系繁殖), and the conflict between the need to
expand natural habitats and local communities' economic interests, bird experts have warned.
     The crested ibis, once widespread in Japan, China, Russia and the Korean Peninsula, almost became
extinct in the first half of the 20th century.
     Before 1981, when seven crested ibis were accidentally found in Yangxian county, in Northwest
China's Shaanxi province, academics thought the species had been extinct in China for almost 17 years.
     Due to the huge effort put into species protection since 1981, the number of crested ibis in China has
risen to an estimated 1,617, including 997 in the wild, the State Forestry Administration said at a meeting
on crested ibis protection in Xi'an on Monday.
     However, although the ibis population exceeds 1,000, the birds are still not free from the threat of
extinction, said Fang Shengguo, director of the State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of
Endangered Wildlife at Zhejiang University.
      Ornithologists used inbreeding in the early stages of protection so that numbers of the precious birds
could increase quickly, but that method had consequences, Fang said.
     "Studies have proved that as a result of inbreeding, crested ibis have the lowest genetic diversity of all
endangered birds," Fang said.
     "It means a high death rate and more physical defects for hatched chicks."
     The government should collect genetic information from all crested ibis and establish a genetic
database as soon as possible, then design a scientific mating plan for the species, Fang said.
So far, about 90 percent of crested ibis live in Shaanxi province, and fewer than 140 ibis live in three zoos
in other parts of the country, including Beijing Zoo, according to Liu Dongping, an assistant researcher at the National Bird Banding Center of China, which is affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Forestry.
     The bird has lost the ability to migrate, he said, adding that if an unexpected natural disaster occurred
in Shaanxi province or an infectious disease spread through the area, the ibis population could be greatly
reduced.
     Experts also warned that the increased population of ibis, whether in the wild or in captivity, requires
a larger and more varied natural habitat.
     Rampant hunting, the massive loss of habitat caused by deforestation and the overuse of pesticides,
which killed aquatic (水生的) insects on which the ibis feed, are believed to be the main reasons for the
sharp reduction in the ibis population before 1981.
     So, in 1983, a State-level natural reserve was set up in Shaanxi province to protect the bird. But the
struggle for living space between human and animal has never stopped, said Lu Baozhong, deputy
director of the Shaanxi Crested Ibis Conservation Station.
     "For example, ibis often look for loaches in farmers' rice fields. Sometimes their claws trample the rice
seedlings. In another case, villagers discovered some land with abundant mineral resources which
happened to be a habitat for ibis," said Lu, who has devoted 30 years to ibis protection.
     A long-term win-win solution for ibis and local communities needs to be developed, one that would
provide ecological compensation for local residents, Lu said.

1.What's the best title for the passage?

A. The Rare Bird in China
B. New Problems for the Crested Ibis
C. The Way to Save the Crested Ibis
D. The Reason for the Crested Ibis's Extinction

2. Which of the following statement is TRUE ?

A. The crested ibis is a native of China.
B. Before 1981, the crested ibis was extinct in China.
C. The crested ibis is now free from the threat of extinction.
D. Most of the crested ibis are in Shaanxi province.

3. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word "Ornithologists"?

A. The persons who study the birds
B. The persons in the State Forestry Administration
C. The persons who keep the birds
D. The persons who kill the birds

4. Why did the experts adopt the way of inbreeding to protect the crested ibis?

A. To increase the death rate.
B. To increase the number of the crested ibis.
C. To get more physical defects for hatched chicks.
D. To have the lowest diversity of the endangered bird.

5. What may be the reason for the reduction in the population of the crested ibis before 1981?

A. inbreeding
B. economic development
C. over hunting
D. sandstorm

6. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Due to our great efforts, the crested ibis lives in the wild well.
B. Scientists will choose a better habitat for the crested ibis.
C. The problems of the crested ibis have not been solved now.
D. The government has established a genetic database of the crested ibis.

     A winner of the 2011 L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards, Professor Vivian
Wing-wah Yam says she could not have done it without the backing of her family.
     The road to scientific discovery is tougher for women than for men and Professor Vivian Wing-wah
Yam says she couldn't have succeeded without such a supportive family. The 47-year-old from Hong
Kong University was one of five women scientists, from each continent, to receive the 2011
L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards at a ceremony on March 3, at UNESCO
Headquarters in Paris. It is the 13th edition of the award since 1998.
     Yam's long and fruitful research on solving the energy problem won her the prize for Asia and the
Pacific. There are several renewable and sustainable(可持續(xù)的) energy solutions, like solar power,
which could provide an unlimited source of energy. Some problems must be resolved, however, such as
the low efficiency of solar cells and their high supply costs. Yam and her colleagues hope to overcome
these problems by developing and testing new photoactive(光敏的) materials.
     She became the third Chinese women scientist honored with the so-called "woman's Nobel Prize"
award, after Professor Li Fanghua from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003, and Professor Ye
Ruyu from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2004.
     "People think chemists are bad guys, but we are the good guys," Yam said in a humorous aside
before explaining her research project on photoactive materials in an earlier speech at L'Institut de
France. For Yam, chemistry is science, but also an art. Amazed by the universe, nature and color in her
childhood, Yam decided on a career in chemistry. "One of the beauties of chemistry is the ability to
create new molecules and chemical species. I have always associated chemists with artists, creating new
things with innovative(革新的) ideas," Yam said.
     As a mother of two daughters, 12 and 14, Yam said she is lucky to have been supported by her
family. She was inspired as a child by her father, a professor in the Civil Engineering Faculty at Hong
Kong University. Yam added her husband, Mak Shingtat, a PhD in chemistry, who accompanied Yam
to the awards ceremony, was also fully supportive of her work. "I can't imagine how my career could
move on without his understanding and support," she said. "I often stay late at night in the laboratory. He
always waits for me outside."
     Yam received her bachelor and PhD degrees from the University of Hong Kong (HKU). She taught
at City Polytechnic of Hong Kong before joining HKU as a faculty member, and headed the chemistry
department for two terms from 2000 to 2005. At 38, she was the youngest member elected to the
Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is also a Fellow of TWAS, the Academy of Sciences for the
Developing World, and was awarded the State Natural Science Award and the Royal Society of
Chemistry (RSC) Centenary Medal. 2011 is the 100th anniversary of Marie Curie's second Nobel Prize,
coinciding (一致的)with the International Year of Chemistry. Today, Curie is still a role model for women
in science.
     Although the participation of women in science, is promoted by UNESCO, notably through
L'Oreal-UNESCO, there are still too few women doing high-level science, says UNESCO
Director-General Irina Bokova. The latest UNESCO report shows less than 40 percent of countries
provide girls and boys equal access to education.
     Each year, the L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award recognizes 15 young women
from all over the world, especially developing countries, to encourage and finance their studies. More
than 200 young women scientists are currently supported. "I do not think there is a difference between
men and women in terms of their intellectual abilities and research capabilities (能力)," Yam said. "As
long as one has the passion, dedication and determination to pursue research wholeheartedly, one can
excel regardless of one's gender or background."
    Yam said some young women, who require stability and security, often have to give up their research
because of family pressures. "The only way for women to succeed in science is to get the mental and
material support from family and society. There is a day-care center at my university, and my husband
and mother-in-law help a lot with the housework, so I am able to spend my time on research," she said.
"I have two young daughters, and it is too early to tell whether or not they want to pursue careers in
science. But, I will encourage them to always defend their ideas. To remain determined, and to never be
afraid of failure - this is the advice that they will need to succeed in realizing their dreams."
     Yam also acknowledged her colleague's support, at the awards ceremony. "This (award) not only
recognizes me, but my colleagues and students and my country, China."

1. L'Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards is          .

A. an award for the developing world
B. equal to Women's Nobel Prize
C. held for more than 14 times
D. only to in honour of Marie Curie

2.Why did Yam become a chemist?        .

A. When she was young, she thought chemists were good.
B. She was amazed by the universe, nature and color in her childhood.
C. She wanted to find the beauties of chemistry.
D. She was encouraged by her supportive family.

3. What's Yam's view on men and women?         .

A. Their intellectual abilities and research capabilities are the same.
B. Their passion, dedication and determination are the same.
C. Women require stability and security.
D. Women can't get the mental and material support from family and society.

4.Yam wins the award of UNESCO For Women in Science for          .

A. her fruitful research on solving the environmental problem
B. doing research and test on new photoactive materials
C. inventing an unlimited resource
D. finding solutions on renewable and sustainable energy

5. The word "recognize" in the passage means            .

A. admit or be aware of       
B. be willing to accept sb/sth as valid or approve
C. show appreciation by giving an honor or award            
D. know sb/sth again

6. For Yam, her winning the award mainly thanks to             .

A. Her hard work                
B. Tthe co-work from her students.
C. The help from her colleagues    
D. The support from her family

     Now comes word from the University of California, Berkeley, a new study has confirmed that the
richer you are the less compassionate you are
     In a study just published in the journal Emotion, psychologist Jennifer Stellar sought to determine the
empathic (感情移入的) capacities of a group of 300 college students, who had been hand-selected for
maximum economic diversity. As a rule, college students have just one income level: poor. Stellar thus
chose her subjects based on the income of the people who respond to the requests and write the checks:
the parents.
     In the first of three experiments, she had 148 of her subjects fill out reports how often they experience
emotions such as joy, love, compassion and horror. She also had them agree or disagree with statements
like "I often notice people who need help." When the numbers on these lists were processed, Stellar
found no meaningful personality differences among the students that could be attributable to income
except one: across the board, the lower the subjects' family income, the higher their score on compassion.
     The second study involved 64 subjects who watched two videos - an emotionally neutral instructional
video on construction techniques, and a far more charged one that involved real families coping with a
cancer-stricken child. Again, the subjects filled out emotional lists and again they scored similarly. But the
lower-income volunteers continued to come out higher on the compassion-and-empathy scale.
     During this study, Stellar also used heartbeat monitors to determine their physical reactions to the two
videos. There was, not surprisingly, no difference in heart rate when the instructional video was playing,
but when the cancer stories began, the heartbeats of the lower-income volunteers slowed noticeably-a
counterintuitive (違反直覺的) sign of caring. An immediate threat to ourselves or another causes heart
rate to jump, the better to snap into action to respond to the danger. An emotional crisis can have the
opposite physical effect on observers - helping them settle down to provide the quieter attention that
simply listening and comforting requires.
     In the final part of the study, 106 of the participants were paired off and told to interview each other
as if they were applying for a position as lab manager. So that the subjects would have real skin in the
game, the ones who performed best in the interviews - as judged by Stellar- would win a cash prize. All
of the subjects reported feeling the same levels of stress or anxiety when they were being interviewed,
but only the lower-income subjects were reliably able to detect the same feelings in their partner when the
roles were reversed.
     So does this mean the rich really can't feel the poor? A low score on the compassion scale doesn't
mean a lack of capacity for the feeling, Stellar argues. It may just mean a lack of experience
observing-and tending to - the hardship others. Perhaps that helps explain why so many wealthy college
kids find their way into the Peace Corps and other volunteer groups.

1. According to the text, which of the following statement is true?

A. All the subjects went through all the 3 experiments.
B. Stellar carefully chose 300 college students according their personal income level.
C. The rich really lacks the ability to feel pity for the poor.
D. All the 3 experiments proved the same result.

2. In Stella's opinion, the lower-income volunteers' heart rate lowers when ______.

A. When they are having their first lesson in a new school.
B. They are talking to someone they admire so much.
C. They are trapped in a building suddenly on fire.
D. They find someone is injured in an accident on the road.

3. We can infer from the third experiment that ________.

A. Lab manager is a position with low income.
B. The lower-income subjects win the cash prize.
C. The interviewers are stressed and anxious when interviewing others.
D. Both the interviewers and interviewees know the feelings in each other.

4. The underlined "across the board" probably means ________.

A. applying to all                  
B. on the opposite
C. from one side to the other          
D. for instance

5. What can be the best title of the text?

A. Without money? That's not a big deal
B. Hate money? Then try to be low-income
C. Got money? Then you might lack sympathy
D. Too much money? Come to experience hardships