Risk of death is 3.5 to 5 times greater for obese (肥胖的) smokers than it is for people who have never smoked and are at a normal weight, according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
The study, which began with a self-administered questionnaire taken between 1983 and 1989, asked more than 80,000 radiologic technologists aged 22 to 92 questions about age, height, weight and smoking behavior.
BMI (body mass index) was calculated, with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 being considered obese, and 35 and over being very obese. Smoking behavior was analyzed by looking at a person's tobacco consumption level, number of years smoked, and current smoking status. Researchers then followed participants through December of 2002, noting the number of deaths that occurred.
The study involved researchers from the National Cancer Institute, the University of Minnesota and the American Registry of Radiolegic Technologists.
Key Findings:
20 percent of obese adults in the United States smoke.
Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease.
Current smoking is a greater risk factor for death by cancer than obesity is, generally speaking.
The higher a person's pack-years (number of packs smoked per day times the number of years smoked) are, the greater the risk of death.www.zxxk.com
Men and women of all ages faced an elevated risk of death due to circulatory disease as BMI increased. And for those who were both obese and currently smoking, risk of circulatory disease increased 6 to 11 times under the age of 65, as compared to their never-smoking, normal weight counterparts.
While it's not surprising that obesity coupled with smoking is a recipe for trouble, it is important to highlight this growing health concern in America today.
Taking Charge of Your Health
Making healthy choices can be difficult when we're constantly exposed to products that are dangerous to our health, but it's not impossible. With education and some motivation, we all have the ability to make lasting changes for the better. If you're an overweight smoker worried about gaining weight due to quitting, take heart. It's never too late to change your course and even reduce damage to some extent.
【小題1】60. What is the American Journal of Preventive Medicine?

A．An medical institute.	B．A research center.
C．A medical magazine	D．A TV station

【小題2】Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．Obese smokers are less likely to suffer from cancer.

B．Obese smokers are more likely to suffer from cancer.

C．Obese smokers tend to gain fewer body mass index.

D．Obese smokers tend to get heavier than those who never smoke.

【小題3】According to the author, it is ________ to get rid of smoking.

A．easy and possible	B．difficult and impossible
C．easy ant worthwhile	D．difficult but worthwhile

【小題4】What is the purpose of the text?

A．To inform the readers of the findings about obese smoking.

B．To warn the readers of the danger of obese smoking.

C．To tell us what obese smoking is.

D．To call on the obese smokers to quit smoking.

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief above was long­lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first­time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
【小題1】The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.

A．they believed disease could be spread in public baths

B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C．they lived healthily in a dirty environment

D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

【小題2】Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing?

A．Approving.

B．Afraid.

C．Curious.

D．Uninterested.

【小題3】How does the passage mainly develop?

A．By providing examples.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By following the order of importance.

D．By following the order of time.

【小題4】 What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To stress the role of dirt.

B．To introduce the history of dirt.

C．To present the change of views on dirt.

D．To call attention to the danger of dirt.

Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生蟲引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
【小題1】According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.

A．they can remain unaffected for long

B．it is unusual to seek care

C．they are too poor

D．there are too many people suffering from the disease

【小題2】People suffering from malaria___.

A．have to kill female mosquitoes

B．have ability to defend parasites

C．have their red blood cells infected

D．have sudden fever, followed by chills

【小題3】Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

A．Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.

B．Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.

C．Its resistance to global warming.

D．Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.

【小題4】It can be inferred from the passage that___.

A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease

B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

【小題5】Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

A．How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

B．How many people are killed by malaria each year?

C．Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?

D．What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?

Smaller than your fist, your healthy heart just goes on and on. It will beat more than 60 times a minute for 70 years or more. That’s something that most of us take for granted. But it’s an amazing fact.
60 times a minute for 60 minutes is 3,600 times. What physical thing can most of us do 3,600 times in one hour? Blink? Maybe. Tap our fingers on the desk? No. Jump up and down? Certainly not! But our heart keeps beating, hour after hour. Every day, it pumps almost 2,000 gallons of blood through our blood vessels(血管). It takes you about five years to drink 2,000 gallons of water.
And, unlike your knees or your back, your heart does all this work without ever complaining（抱怨）! You never know that it’s even there. Your heart is such a reliable “silent partner” that people forget to care for it. For many, the first indication（跡象）that their heart isn’t working properly is a serious heart illness! Over 650,000 Americans die of some kind of heart disease every year. Cancer kills 560,000, stroke kills 143,000, and accidents kill 118,000 Americans annually.
Like accidental deaths, many heart disease-related deaths can be avoided if people simply follow the advice of the experts. Unfortunately, most people seem to listen to a little voice in their head that says, “It won’t happen to me. ” So these people keep on smoking and drinking. They continue to eat too much meat. And their only “exercise” is getting off the sofa to get something out of the fridge. Please follow the following steps to keep your heart healthy.
【小題1】The text is most probably taken from a (an) __________.

A．a(chǎn)rt book	B．science fiction
C．healthy magazine	D．psychology book

【小題2】Which of the following physical activities can keep going on and on?

A．Blink.

B．Jump.

C．Finger tap.

D．Heart beat.

【小題3】According to the numbers mentioned in paragraph 3, we can know __________.

A．Accidents can be the biggest “killer” in America every year.

B．In America, heart disease causes the highest death rate annually.

C．Cancer causes more threat than any other diseases for Americans.

D．Recently, nobody died of stroke or heart disease in America.

【小題4】What do we know about our healthy hearts?

A．our healthy hearts work with many complains as our knees.

B．our healthy hearts can pump 3,600 gallons of blood everyday.

C．our healthy hearts are smaller than our fists.

D．our healthy hearts can beat 60 times in one hour.

【小題5】 What do you think the next paragraph is about?

A．Some tips for keeping a healthy heart.

B．Some suggestions for avoiding accidental deaths.

C．Some reasons for doing regular exercise.

D．Some exercise for keeping a healthy lifestyle.

Have you ever been bitten? Of course you have. You are surrounded by living things which might, or do, bite. Even when you rest your head on your pillow, bedbugs are probably nibbling away(蠶食) at you. They live happily inside most pillows.
Take a walk outside and you are a target for “man’s best friend. ” Hundreds of dog-bite victims visit US emergency rooms daily. Many bites are terrible. To avoid the dogs in your neighborhood, you might want to hike into the desert or the woods. There, you run the risk of bites from rattlesnakes, scorpions, and blood-sucking ticks. Not to mention bears, wolves, coyotes, and mountain lions.
Speaking of housing, watch out when you touch the corner of your house or garage. Shy but deadly, the black widow spider and the brown recluse spider make themselves comfortable in quiet areas of your closets or garage. One bite from either of them can make you very sick; occasionally, people die from such bites. Unfortunately, many people fear all spiders, not just the few dangerous ones. They squash them or run from them at first sight, not realizing that most spiders are actually beneficial to man.
If you’re concerned about bites, don’t forget about rabid(患有狂犬病的) animal bites. Any warm-blooded animal can get infected with rabies. Although humans in the US rarely get attacked by rabid animals, the disease is painful and dangerous. You will most likely die if you are not treated properly within 48 hours of being bitten.
【小題1】 How does the author introduce the topic of this passage?

A．By asking questions.	B．By giving examples.
C．By offering suggestions.	D．By doing experiments.

【小題2】According to the 2nd passage, “man’s best friend” is _____________.

A．Bedbugs

B．Dogs

C．Coyotes

D．Scorpions

【小題3】When you at home, you will probably be bitten by __________.
①rattle snakes   ②bedbugs  ③bears  ④spiders  ⑤rabid animals

A．①④

B．②③

C．③⑤

D．②④

【小題4】What can we infer from the 3rd paragraph?

A．All spiders are dangerous and one bite from each of them can be very serious. .

B．The black widow spider is actually beneficial to humans.

C．Spiders always make themselves comfortable in quiet place in your house.

D．One should squash a spider at first sight to keep safety.

【小題5】In the author’s opinion, __________.

A．No matter what kind of animal bites you, there is no danger at all.

B．One should treat rabid animal bites properly within 2 days.

C．Humans in the US can be bitten by rabid animals frequently.

D．Hundreds of rabid animal-bite people visit emergency room daily in the US.

If you were on the street in Mexico today you might think you were in an operating room, surrounded by doctors. You could see many concerned people with masks (口罩) trying their best to stop the swine flu (豬流感). And the masks aren’t only being used in Mexico. A friend of mine traveling from New York City to Florida was given a mask and a pair of gloves just after he reached the airport. And another friend went to get a haircut only to be faced with a hairdresser wearing a mask!
But do the masks really work? Is covering your nose and mouth the key to stopping the swine flu? To find out the truth, ABC’s reporter Sharyn Alfonsi talked with germ (細(xì)菌) expert Dr. Elaine Larsen. It turns out that when you sneeze (打噴嚏) the air coming out of your mouth at a speed of one hundred miles per hour carries germs which can travel anywhere around you and make people around you infected (被感染).
However, whether you become infected actually depends on the weather. As Sharyn reported, when you sneeze, the germs leave your body in small drops of water coming out of your mouth. If the weather is wet, the wet air will make the small drops bigger and heavier and they drop down towards our feet. If this happens, we won’t become infected. But if the air is dry, those small drops can float higher up, making it possible for them to touch someone else’s nose, mouth or their mask.
Larsen says the masks can stop the germs well but after a few hours, they start to get wet, holding a lot of germs they come across and causing you to breathe them in. The masks do work, but the key to stopping the germs is changing your masks often.
【小題1】According to Para.1, in Mexico you can see that ____.

A．the patients are treated in the open air

B．some doctors work in the street

C．people speak little to each other in the street

D．many people wear masks in the street

【小題2】According to the passage a patient spreads germs mainly through ____.

A．breathing

B．Speaking

C．touching others

D．sneezing

【小題3】We learn from the passage that on a wet day ____.

A．sick people will be infected

B．germs can spread very far

C．germs spread very quickly

D．few people will be infected

【小題4】If you keep wearing a mask for a long time, ____.

A．the mask will be old and worn out

B．you’ll love the feeling of wearing it

C．germs will be kept away from you

D．it will be easy for you to be infected

【小題5】What should we pay attention to when wearing masks?

A．Keeping the masks dry.	B．Changing the masks often.
C．Choosing very thick masks.	D．Wearing big masks.

Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules…planning your next move...acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .
Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（協(xié)調(diào)）needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to give people hope through soccer. He created a foundation(基金會) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.
【小題1】Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.

A．be a team leader	B．obey the basic rules
C．a(chǎn)ct as a grown-up	D．predict possible danger

【小題2】The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.

A．describe life in an exciting way

B．turn real-life experiences into a play

C．make learning life skills more interesting

D．change people’s views of sporting events

【小題3】According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?

A．It makes people have a deep love for the country.

B．It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.

C．It helps the country out of natural disasters.

D．It earns the winners fame and fortune.

【小題4】Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.

A．bring fun to poor kids

B．provide soccer balls for children

C．give poor kids a chance for a better life

D．a(chǎn)ppeal to soccer players to help poor kids

【小題5】What can be learned from the passage?

A．Games benefit people all their lives.

B．Sports can get all athletes together.

C．People are advised to play games for fun.

D．Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.

Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don’t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being.
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That’s why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression(抑郁). They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn’t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it’s OK. Instead, it’s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
【小題1】The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear__________.

A．by raising his own examples

B．based on his own experience

C．by mentioning some studies

D．by mentioning some typical patients

【小題2】The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to__________.

A．support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health

B．introduce a famous expert

C．let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces

D．show how to control one’s temper

【小題3】 The underlined phrase“holding on to”in this passage possibly means“__________”.

A．removing

B．keeping up

C．getting rid of

D．learning about

【小題4】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?

A．People who are able to forgive feel less stress.

B．People who are able to forgive feel less depression.

C．People who are able to forgive have fewer problems on sleeping.

D．People who are able to forgive feel less tired.

【小題5】 The best title for this passage is probably__________.

A．Forgiveness	B．Forgiveness Is Good for Health
C．A Secret to Keeping Health	D．Anger Is Bad for Health

Good Housekeeping has discovered that even if a child wear a helmet when she bikes, or skates, it may not protect her from a serious head injury.
Every year, 390,000 children under age 15 go to hospital emergency rooms with bike-related injuries. Of that number, about one third children suffer head injuries and an estimated 200 die. By wearing a helmet, a child can reduce her risk of injury by as much as 85 percent. But remember —— a bicycle helmet must fit properly to be safe. Here are five steps to making sure your child's helmet fits properly.
1) If you haven't bought your child's helmet already, you might want to consider one with a rear stabilizer(穩(wěn)定桿). A rear stabilizer holds the back of the head gently and helps the helmet stay correctly positioned.
2) The helmet should fit closely and shouldn't slide from side to side or front to back. If your child can put two fingers on both temples inside the helmet, it's too big. Try a smaller size. But if the next size down is too small, use the fit pads(護墊). Fit pads come in different sizes and attach to the helmet with Velcro.
3) Tell your child to open her mouth widely and ask if she can feel the helmet push down onto the top of her head. If she can't, you need to readjust her helmet.
4) To prevent strap slippage, wind a rubber band around the strap where it meets the fastener.
5) Recheck the fit regularly.
You should replace the bicycle helmet:
If she has been in an accident with it.
If the buckle(金屬扣) breaks or if a piece breaks off.
If it doesn't have a U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, American Society for Testing and Materials, or Snell Memorial Foundation sticker.
If it doesn't fit correctly. Even if the helmet fit perfectly two years ago, it might be too small now.
【小題1】Who is this passage mainly written for?

A．Children.

B．Teachers.

C．Parents.

D．helmet producers.

【小題2】What does the author mainly want to stress in the second paragraph?

A．The bike-related injury is a serious threat to the children.

B．The bicycle helmets must fit properly while the children are biking.

C．It’s necessary for the children to wear helmets while biking.

D．Many students suffer bike-related injuries every year.

【小題3】If a girl finds a helmet a little bit big for her head, what should she do?

A．She must buy a smaller size.

B．She can use some fit pads.

C．She can put fingers on both temples inside the helmet.

D．She must make helmet slide from side to side.

【小題4】Phil White, a father, found the buckle of his girl’s helmet broken, he can_______

A．buy a new bicycle helmet for her

B．mend the bicycle helmet himself

C．continue to use the bicycle helmet

D．throw away the broken buckle

About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(發(fā)病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
【小題1】Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?

A．protect

B．prevent

C．develop

D．cure。

【小題2】Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?

A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk.

B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.

C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.

D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.

【小題3】Which of the following can be the best title of this text?

A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers

B．Cancer is a leading cause of death

C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases

D．The incidence of common cancers is rising

【小題4】By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____.

A．a(chǎn)dvise people to develop healthier lifestyle.

B．warn people of the danger of cancers

C．explain why many people die from cancers every year.

D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers

【小題5】We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____.

A．a(chǎn)ll the lung cancers are linked to smoking

B．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one

C．a(chǎn)ll governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health

D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking