Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don’t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being.
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That’s why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression(抑郁). They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn’t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it’s OK. Instead, it’s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
【小題1】The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear__________.
A.by raising his own examples |
B.based on his own experience |
C.by mentioning some studies |
D.by mentioning some typical patients |
A.support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health |
B.introduce a famous expert |
C.let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces |
D.show how to control one’s temper |
A.removing | B.keeping up | C.getting rid of | D.learning about |
A.People who are able to forgive feel less stress. |
B.People who are able to forgive feel less depression. |
C.People who are able to forgive have fewer problems on sleeping. |
D.People who are able to forgive feel less tired. |
A.Forgiveness | B.Forgiveness Is Good for Health |
C.A Secret to Keeping Health | D.Anger Is Bad for Health |
【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】D
【小題5】B
解析試題分析:本文敘述了生氣會損害我們的健康,原諒和寬容別人使我們保持愉快的心情,有利于我們的健康。原諒別人也有利于健康。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第一段several new studies,...stuies from...可知作者是通過一些研究中提出的觀點來說明他的觀點。故選C。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第二段says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health.可知使用卡通人物是為了說明憎恨和憤怒對精神和身體的健康有害,選A.
【小題3】詞義猜測題,keep up 持續(xù),保持,句意是總是生氣這種狀態(tài)會傷害我們的身心健康。 故選B
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段提到了A,B,C,就是沒有提到feel less tired,故選D。
【小題5】標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講生氣會損害我們的健康,原諒和寬容別人使我們保持愉快的心情,有利于我們的健康,原諒有利于健康。故選B。
考點:健康保健類閱讀。
科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物質(zhì)), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
【小題1】What might be the best title of the passage?
A.Signals of air pollution |
B.Safety limits of air pollution |
C.Air pollution, cancer risk |
D.Air pollution, smog risk |
A.To focus on cancer-causing substances. |
B.To evaluate the air quality. |
C.To study the developing risk of cancer. |
D.To send signals to the international community. |
A.The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place. |
B.More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution. |
C.Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits. |
D.A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Below is some advice on how to prevent cancer:
8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life
1. Eat Blueberries
Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important colon(結(jié)腸) cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.
2. Drink Pomegranate(石榴)Juice
The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung cancer.
3. Relax
Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer. Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!
4. Take Selenium(硒)
Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate(前列腺) cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.
5. Eat Sushi(壽司)
Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high in protein— a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don’t skimp(節(jié)。﹐n the Sushi!
6. Enjoy the Outdoors
Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did women taking a placebo(無效對照劑). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with 1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.
7. Breathe Clean Air
There’s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen(致癌物質(zhì)) in their urine(尿) than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What’s worse, their levels of the carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces, bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.
8. Break a Sweat
Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent lower risk of metastasis(轉(zhuǎn)移性) prostate cancer than men who didn’t work out at all. The better the frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.
【小題1】To prevent yourself from catching colon cancer, you should eat ____ as often as possible.
A.sushi | B.blueberries | C.pomegranates | D.Vitamin D |
A.he is very fond of exercise every day. |
B.he is addicted to smoking |
C.he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried |
D.he likes to have meals in restaurants |
A.have a daily supplement of vitamins B and C |
B.try to ignore the secondhand smoking |
C.take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible |
D.having exercise as often as possible |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.
Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.
But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a journal of the American Heart Association reports.
_________
During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths(心臟性猝死)——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.
In people aged 35 or younger, this usually because of a heart condition that runs in the family.
But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart’s arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.
Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.
Reason to quit
After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder Sandhu and his colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely as likely to die suddenly even if they smoked “l(fā)ight-to-moderate” amounts —between one and 14 cigarettes a day.
For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.
But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked, after 20 years of cessation.
Dr Sandhu, of the University of Alberta, Canad, said: “What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those with established heart disease.”
“It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It’s not always easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt.”
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still seriously affect your future health.”
“As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving up smoking will be the top of the list for lots of people.”
“If you’re thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”
A recent study in The Lancet of 1.2million Women found those who gave up smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risk of dying early from tobacco-related diseases.
Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.
【小題1】According to the research, light smokers____________.
A.a(chǎn)re not likely to suffer from heart problems |
B.a(chǎn)re more likely to suffer from heart problems than moderate ones |
C.can go on smoking only if they don’t smoke much |
D.have a high possibility of dying of heart disease |
A.Nonsmokers wouldn’t die of sudden cardiac death |
B.Most of the nurses concerned in the research were middle aged. |
C.All age groups of people were involved in the research. |
D.If the smokers had quit smoking, they wouldn’t have died of heart disease. |
A.Raised risk | B.Ways of quitting smoking |
C.Diseases related to smoking | D.Signs of heart disease |
A.push | B.confidence | C.study | D.comparison |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
If a city wishes to host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社團贊助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
【小題1】_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
【小題2】 Which of the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in paragraph 2?
A.electing | B.hoping | C.choosing | D.thinking |
A.can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours |
B.will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events |
C.a(chǎn)re willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights |
D.will not pay for the Canadian television networks |
A.The host city must be left with large debts |
B.The city may achieve a lot of money |
C.There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games |
D.It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money |
A.How to host Olympic Games | B.Winner or loser |
C.Applying for host for Olympics | D.The Olympic Games |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生蟲引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
【小題1】According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.
A.they can remain unaffected for long |
B.it is unusual to seek care |
C.they are too poor |
D.there are too many people suffering from the disease |
A.have to kill female mosquitoes |
B.have ability to defend parasites |
C.have their red blood cells infected |
D.have sudden fever, followed by chills |
A.Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. |
B.Its ability to pass on the virus frequently. |
C.Its resistance to global warming. |
D.Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs. |
A.no drugs have been found to treat the disease |
B.the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people |
C.malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites |
D.nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease |
A.How can we know one is suffering from malaria? |
B.How many people are killed by malaria each year? |
C.Why are there so many people suffering from malaria? |
D.What has been done to keep people unaffected for long? |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Are you having too much salt? You might not think so, but people in China eat on average (平均) about 12 grams of salt each day, that is much higher than the 6 grams suggested by the World Health Organization. You could be eating too much without realizing it, because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy, such as bread, sauces, soups and sausages.
What problems can eating too much salt cause? To answer that question, first let’s take a look at what salt is.
Salt is a chemical compound. It is made of sodium (鈉) and chloride (氯化物). Salt is used to keep and flavor foods. A small amount of salt is important for good health because our bodies need sodium and chloride to work.
But past studies have found that people who eat more salt than they need tend to have high blood pressure. Eating too much salt has also been connected with other conditions, such as heart and kidney (腎) problems.
If you want to cut down on salt, the good news is, there are plenty of simple things to do. Here are some tips:
*Cut back on high salt foods.
Most foods contain some salt. But some foods such as cheese, bacon, pickles (泡菜), smoked fish and chips are almost always high in salt because of the way they are made. You can still enjoy them, but try to have these in smaller amounts, or eat them less often.
*Choose reduced salt bread and breakfast cereals.
Bread and breakfast cereals (谷物) are major source of salt in the diet, not that they’re necessarily high in salt but because we eat a lot of them. For these foods, there can be a really big difference between different types and brands. So next time you’re shopping, take the time to compare the salt levels on a few similar products. And always try to choose the ones lower in salt.
*Avoid adding salt to cooking and at table. Instead, you could use herbs and spices (香料) such as garlic (大蒜) and lemon juice to add flavor to meals.
【小題1】Many people in China don’t realize they are eating too much salt because ______.
A.salty food tasted better than reduced salt food |
B.they do not calculate the amount of salt they eat |
C.a(chǎn)bout 3/4 of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy |
D.few people experience problems from eating too much salt |
A.cut back on food with less salt |
B.eat less heavily salted food |
C.eat as much reduced salt bread as is wanted |
D.stop eating bread and breakfast cereals |
A.To warn people of food containing too much salt. |
B.To inform people of the right amount of salt taken each day. |
C.To advise people to be careful about the amount of salt they eat. |
D.To promote (促進) the right way to make reduced salt food. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Tui Na and Your Emotional Health
In Traditional Chinese Medicine the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a useful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can develop. It also works to restore emotional harmony as well as physical health. This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people "feel good". Many people in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses.
Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair. Therapists using a variety of strokes or movements will control the intensity and direction of pressure in an exact way. The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult strokes to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body.
Stress
Tui Na is of course very useful for treating stress.
It distributes the energy around the whole body. It is believed that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tense muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body. When your Qi (energy in the body) flow is balanced you feel relaxed and comfortable. Tui Na is especially useful for stiff shoulders and tense neck muscles.
Emotions
In Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ is linked to an emotion. By balancing the energy in the organ, the relevant emotion will be calmed. When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist. But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others. With Tui Na one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to. The treatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself — although if one does need to talk, then the safe space is there to do so. An active dialogue between the therapist and the patient will help to get a better effect.
How the major organs rule your emotions
Each major organ — the heart, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the bladder, the kidneys, the lungs, etc. — is linked to a relevant emotion.
The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness. If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day.
The stomach and spleen are connected with too much thinking or worrying — over anxiety. When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lack of energy. The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in doing anything at all.
The liver and gall bladder are linked to anger. In Chinese Medicine the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from anger often suffer from eye problems. The gall bladder rules decision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness, while if there is too little it can bring about indecision. Where there is a history of depression, the therapist would look to the liver.
The bladder and kidneys are linked to fear of all kinds, from simple anxieties and phobias to vague fears and worries.
The lungs are connected with feelings of grief and sadness. When there is a history of grief, the therapist would look to the lungs.
Tui Na is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people. It is a useful and valuable method of restoring Qi balance, when emotional and physical health is out of balance. Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese Medicine.
【小題1】According to the passage, which statement is TRUE about Tui Na?
A.Tui Na is a whole-body treatment and can't be divided into different parts. |
B.Tui Na can be used to balance the diseases before they can develop in the body. |
C.Tui Na can bring back not only physical health but also emotional health. |
D.Tui Na only makes people "feel good" but do not actually cure disease. |
A.By linking the organ to an emotion. |
B.By telling the therapist anything one does not want to. |
C.By discussing their problems with others. |
D.By balancing the energy in the relevant organ. |
A.the patient will have a stomachache |
B.the patient will have a lot to worry about |
C.the patient will have nothing to do |
D.the patient will not feel like doing anything |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Children pushed in buggies which face away from their parents may suffer longterm emotional(情感的)and language problems,according to a study published on Friday.
The research,believed to be the first of its kind,found that children who were not facing the person pushing them were less likely to talk,laugh and communicate with their parents.
The findings were based on a study of 2,722 parents and babies and an experiment where 20 babies were wheeled in buggies for a mile,facing their parents for half the journey and facing away for the other half. Parents using facetoface buggies were twice as likely to talk to their children while the babies’ heart rates fell and they were twice as likely to fall asleep,showing that they were feeling relaxed and safe.
In addition,only one baby out of the 20 studied laughed while sitting in an awayfacing buggy.
“Our data(數(shù)據(jù)) suggests that for many babies today,life in a buggy is emotionally impoverished and possibly stressful. Stressed babies grow into anxious adults,” said Dr Suzanne Zeedyk,Developmental Psychologist at Scotland’s Dundee University who carried out the research.
The study,which was published by National Literacy Trust as part of its “Talk To Your Baby” campaign,found that 62 percent of all children observed travelled in awayfacing buggies.
Zeedyk said it would have a negative effect on babies’ development if they spent a long time in awayfacing buggies,which would be bad to their ability to communicate with their parent at a time when their brain was developing rapidly.
Laura Barbour of the Sutton Trust,a social mobility charity which funded the research,said buggy manufacturers(制造商) should look closely at the findings.
【小題1】Using awayfacing buggies may________.
A.benefit both the babies and their parents |
B.a(chǎn)ffect babies’ language ability permanently |
C.help babies communicate with their parents |
D.have positive effect on babies’ development |
A.Parents may talk twice with the babies in awayfacing buggies. |
B.The study suggests children feel relaxed and safe in buggies. |
C.The samples (案例)of the study were 20 babies wheeled in buggies. |
D.One of the 20 babies was twice as likely to fall asleep in buggies. |
A.Best for Kids to Face Parents in Buggy |
B.Best for Kids to Communicate with Parents |
C.Stressed Babies Grow into Anxious Adults |
D.Buggy Manufacturers Care about the Finding |
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