Paul Lucas can often be seen walking around the city of San Francisco. Sometimes people are surprised to see him walking 【小題1】 any shoes or socks, 【小題2】 Lucas doesn’t mind at all. 【小題3】likes to walk barefoot, and so do 640 other members of Dirty Sole Society, the club that Lucas 【小題4】 (start) years ago. Lucas’ idea for this is to encourage others to live 【小題5】 (free) --- free of shoes.
According to Lucas, the barefoot life has many advantages. 【小題6】  most important is simply that it feels good. He also says 【小題7】 walking barefoot allows you to experience the world directly by touching it with your feet. 【小題8】 addition, the feet do not smell so much because they stay dry,   【小題9】 (make) it hard for bacteria to grow. And, of course, walking barefoot keeps your feet in good shape, so it’s actually   【小題10】 (healthy) than wearing shoes.

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注意：每空格一個單詞。
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.
I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.
Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陳代謝). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.
The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.
For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.
In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion（均衡）of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.
Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high－density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (營養(yǎng)).
The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足夠的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(長期便秘)．
To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.

In ancient times, the most important examination was spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted  【小題1】      saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known 【小題2】_________    the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into  【小題3】    (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.
Two types of tests are【小題4】        (common) used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an “objective” test. It【小題5】  ___________  (intend) to deal with facts, not personal opinions. On objective tests, the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and then he must copy its letter or number onto his examination paper. Sometimes there is【小題6】       answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student only has to circle the one    【小題7】       go with the correct answer.
For testing some kinds of learning, however , such a test is not very satisfactory. A lively student   【小題8】      guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
For a clearer picture of   【小題9】       the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, and the tests require students to write long answers to broad, general questions. When some essay questions are used along with some objective questions, 【小題10】      , a fairly clear picture of the students’ knowledge and ability can usually be obtained.

How do you usually buy what you need, shopping on line or going out to shop in person? With the help of the Internet, shopping is ___【小題1】___(easy) than before. We can just click our mouse to choose the items we like, pay for them online, and the shopping ___【小題2】___(finish). It is easy and quick. It helps save money, too. We can save thousands a year if we compare the prices of similar items before deciding ___【小題3】___ to buy.
However, there are always traps in shopping online. If we are ___【小題4】___(care), we may get into trouble. For example, we may find the color of the item different from ___【小題5】___ in the picture online. Sometimes, the size of the item we receive can be too big ___【小題6】___ too small. ___【小題7】___(avoid) such troubles, we should compare similar items on different online stores and pay more attention to what other customers say. From their comments, we can know better ___【小題8】___ an item’s color, size as well as ___【小題9】___ shortcomings. In this way we increase our chance of buying ___【小題10】___ more satisfactory item.

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[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (認知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生蟲引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (輸送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
【小題2】Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.
【小題3】Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
___________                                                                
【小題4】What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________
【小題5】What does the word “they” (Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________

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London - Police are monitoring social networking sites popular with teenagers such as Bebo, Facebook and MySpace after claims that they are being used to organize mass brawls (對罵).
Kent Police believe that teenagers have been using the Internet to arrange “fight club” contests watched by up to 100 spectators in a public park.
At least six organized fights have taken place in Brenchley Gardens in Maidstone, Kent, according to one teenage blogger. (4) During one of the fights a 14-year-old boy was arrested for carrying a hunting knife. Kent Police have now ordered specialist officers to monitor sites such as Bebo.
Chief Inspector Ian Hall said: “(5) We are aware of attempts to organize fights using technology such as websites and mobile phones. Pupils from some schools in the  area  may  be  involved  in  this  type of anti-social behavior and we are working with schools to eradicate (根除) the problem.”
According to one blogger the fights usually take place on Saturday nights. The contests are named after the Hollywood film Fight Club starring Edward Norton and Brad Pitt. The central characters fight for the adrenaline rush but the film has an ironic twist (歪曲) apparently lost on some of its audience.
This week police in Macclesfield, Cheshire, arrested six teenagers on suspicion of public order offences after an investigation into a series  of assaults (襲擊). The  youths, aged  16  and  17, were released on police bail (保釋). The  officers  discovered that attacks had been discussed and possibly even prearranged using the Bebo websites.
In Collumpton, Devon, last  weekend  police  intercepted (阻止) 30  pupils  going  to  a mass brawl carrying metal bars, pieces of wood and chain.
Questions 1—3： Answer the following questions briefly.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the passage?
【小題2】What does the underlined word “monitoring” mean?
【小題3】Please find a sentence in the passage which can replace the following one.
It is likely that the teenagers had used the Bebo websites to discuss and even plan the attack.
Questions 4—5: Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese.

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Bassanio fell in love【小題1】         Portia, but he couldn’t ask her to marry him 【小題2】         he was poor. He had to borrow some money【小題3】 ______    his friend Antonio, a merchant of Venice. Antonio had no money then. He went to Shylock, a cruel and【小題4】______   (greed) money-lender. Shylock agreed to lend him the money on condition that he would cut a pound of his flesh【小題5】______   he couldn’t repay him within three months.
Unfortunately Antonio’s ships were lost【小題6】      sea. 【小題7】______   (know) that Antonio probably had to die, Portia asked Bassanio to go to see his friend at once. She dressed herself 【小題8】       as a lawyer and turned up at the court. She let Shylock cut just【小題9】______  one pound of flesh off Antonio, no more, no less, no drop of blood, otherwise he【小題10】 ______   lose all his money. Her clever idea saved Antonio and made Shylock give half of his money to Venice.

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A conflict at work is common. If you can avoid conflict, it means you will win what you want regardless of what the other person wants. Since the potential issue has not been removed, it will simply reappear later. Let’s see what you can do.
★Be aware of the fact that some conflicts are unavoidable at work. On numerous occasions, conflict and disagreement are likely to happen. But when a conflict happens it's not the end of the world. On the contrary, it can be the beginning of an interesting learning process. Conflicts mean that people care enough to disagree strongly. The trick is not to allow the conflict to go on forever.
★ Deal with conflicts sooner rather than later. Solve a conflict when it starts, as it only gets worse with time going by. Conflicts at work arise not from something that was said, but from something that wasn't said! Everyone's waiting for the other to admit he's wrong and gets more unpleasant after the conflict has lasted a while. It's essential to interrupt the "waiting game" before it gets to that point.
★Ask nicely. If somebody has done something that made you angry, or if you don't understand their viewpoint or actions, simply asking nicely about it can make a world of difference.  Never assume that people do what they do to annoy or hurt you. Sometimes there's a good reason why that person does what he or she does, and a potential conflict disappear right there. Do remember to make an inquiry, not an accusation of any sort.
★ Appreciate. Praise the other part in the conflict. Tell them why it's worth it to you to solve the conflict. This can be difficult as few people find it easy to praise and appreciate a person they disagree strongly with, but it's a great way to move forward.

Most Americans have a city they like best. Over the years, American songwriters have described these feelings in music. More songs have been written about America's biggest city, New York, than about any other city. Many others dream about leaving their small towns to go there. They want to become rich and famous. Frank Sinatra sings about this dream in the most popular song written about New York. 
Almost three-million people live in the middle western city of Chicago, Illinois. It is now America's third largest city. It used to be the second largest city. So, of course, it needed its own song. Judy Garland sings the song, "Chicago, Chicago. "
One of America's most exciting cities is Las Vegas, Nevada. In nineteen-sixty-four, Elvis Presley starred in a movie called "Viva Las Vegas." Here is the song from that movie. It is sung by the group Z-Z Top.
As we all know, one of the most beautiful cities in America is San Francisco, California. The most popular song about the city is called "I Left My Heart in San Francisco." Tony Bennett recorded it in nineteen-sixty-two. It sold more than three-million records.
Many people love Los Angeles, California. It is now America's second largest city. Los Angeles is popular because the weather is warm and the sun shines almost all the time. Randy Newman sings about his feelings for the city in the song, "I Love L.A." Not everyone, however, loves Los Angeles. Some people do not like all the big roads around the city. They like living in a smaller place. A place like San Jose, California. Dionne Warwick sings about going back to this city. The song is, "Do You Know The Way To San Jose."
Songs about American Cities

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Alice always wanted to be a singer. Music was the 【小題1】        important thing in her life but, to tell you the  【小題2】          (true), she took lesson for years, practised every day,  【小題3】          in spite of all this, her voice didn't improve. Honestly, it didn’t get better, it just got 【小題4】(loud).
Her teacher finally gave 【小題5】        and stopped the lessons, but Alice refused to quit, and one day she decided to give a concert and invited her former teacher to attend.
The teacher was very worried about 【小題6】             to say after the performance. She knew it 【小題7】          be terrible and it was. She didn't want to tell a lie, but she didn’t want to hurt Alice’s feelings【小題8】              . Finally, she got an idea and went backstage to greet her former pupil.
“Well”, said Alice, “what did you think of 【小題9】            performance?”
“My dear,” said the teacher, “you’ll 【小題10】       be better than you were tonight.”