2. agree with, agree to, agree on

　 (1) ① agree with 的意思是“同意”，“贊成”。后面常接表示人或意見(看法)的名詞或代詞作賓語。Does she agree with us? 她同意我們的意見嗎?

　 ② agree with 還有“與……一致”，“(氣候、食物等)適　 合”的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesn't agree with her.吃太多肉食對她身體不合適。

　 [注意]agree with不能用于被動語態(tài)。

　 (2) agree to 意為“同意”，“贊成”，后面跟表示“提議”，“辦法”，“計劃”，“安排”等的名詞或代詞。Please agree to this arrangement.請同意這個安排。

　 (3) agree on 表示“對……取得一致意見”，指兩方或多方就某個問題取得了一致的意見或是達成了某種協(xié)議。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 經(jīng)過討論，雙方就�；饐栴}達成了協(xié)議。

1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for

　 (1) spend的主語必須是“人”，賓語可以是錢、精力、時間等，其后用on+名詞或用in(可省略) + 動名詞形式，不接不定式。He spends much money on books. 他平時將很多錢用在買書上。/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多錢買一輛新車。

　 (2) cost的主語必須是“物”或“事”，表示“費用”、“耗費”，后接life，money，health，time等，側(cè)重于“花費”的代價。The book cost him one dollar. 這本書用了他一美元。/ Making experiments like this costs much time and labor. 做這樣的實驗要花很多時間和勞力。

　 [注意]cost后不能與具體的時間長度連用，只能與表示抽象概念的時間短語連用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work 等�？烧fIt cost him ten years of work. 不可說It cost him ten years to work.

(3) take 表示“花費”時，其主語一般是“一件事”，有時主語也可以是人，它說明事情完成“花費了……”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到郵局用去了我十分鐘時間。/ The producer took two years to make the film.　 制片商用了兩年時間拍這部新影片。

　[說明] take...to do sth. 句型側(cè)重完成該動作花費的時間，而spend...doing sth. 有時并不說明動作的完成。It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小時讀完了這本書。/ He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小時讀這本書。(是否讀完并未說明)

　 (4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作為及物動詞，賓語可　 以是“人”、“錢”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.　 他付了出租車的錢，急忙向車站趕去。We'll pay you in a few days. 幾天后我們會給你錢。

　 (5) pay for的賓語為“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因�！� You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付給我十美元飯錢。

　 [注意]

(1)下面兩句中pay for的意義不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.當然我們買東西得付錢。Don't worry about money. I'll pay for you. 別擔心錢，我會替你付的。

　 (2) pay the bill 付賬；pay taxes 納稅；pay wages 發(fā)工資

　 以上pay后不能加for

5. Tom's interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the Web as good as studying his favorable subjects.

☆詞語比較☆

4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind.

3. Eat too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it.

1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, Jonah prefers classical music.

10. 含介詞 to 的短語

(1) according to 根據(jù)……所說

(2) adapt to 適應(yīng)

(3) come to oneself 蘇醒，恢復知覺

(4) devote...to 獻身于……，專心于……

(5) get to 到達

(6) give birth to 生(孩子)

(7) lead to 通向，導致

(8) listen to 聽

(9) make one's way to... 往……走

(10) make a contribution to 貢獻給，捐贈

(11) on one's way to 在……途中

(12) owe...to...把……歸功于……

(13) point to 指向……

(14) prefer...to... 喜歡……勝似……；寧愿干……而不愿

　 千……

(15) to one's surprise 令(某人)驚訝

(16) say goodbye to 告別，告辭

(17) thanks to 由于，多虧

(18) get down to 著手

(19) belong to 屬于

(20) pay attention to 注意

(21) stick to 堅持

(22) object to 反對

(23) be opposed to 反對

(24) refer to 參閱，涉及

[例句]Everyone should make a contribution to a charity collection. 每個人都應(yīng)該給慈善事業(yè)捐贈。/ At first I couldn't see anything when l stepped out of the room，but my eyes adapted to the dark bit by bit. 我剛走出房間時，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛適應(yīng)了漆黑的環(huán)境。/ Thanks to the arrival of the police, the murderer was caught. 由于警察的趕到兇手才被捉住。/ We owe our great achievements to the correct leadership of the Party. 我們把取得的偉大成就歸功于黨的正確領(lǐng)導。/ After I graduated from university, l continued to devote myself to research. 我大學畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)進行研究。/ Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 勞動量大且休息得很少經(jīng)常導致疾病。

[考例](2004湖北) Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it.

　　 A. direct to　　 B. stick to　 C. lead to　 D. refer to

[考查目標]此題主要考查四個短語的用法。

[答案與解析]B　 direct to 指引，指導；stick to 堅持；lead to 通向，導致；refer to 提到，談到，參考。本句話意思是“一旦做出決定，就應(yīng)該堅持”。

[考例](2005浙江) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.

　　 A. bringing up　　 B. referring to

　　 C. looking for　　 D. trying on

[考查目標]此題主要考查四個短語的意思及用法。

[答案與解析]B　 refer to 意為“參照，提到”；bring up意為“撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育”；look for 意為“尋找”；try on 意為“試穿”。題意“主席在商務(wù)會議上做了將近一小時的發(fā)言沒有看稿。”

[牛刀小試2]

句子改錯，每句僅一處錯誤。

9. take measures

　 (1) measure ① 名詞“措施，辦法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；②名詞“最度，尺寸” make clothes to one's own measure 根據(jù)某人的尺寸做衣服；名詞“計量單位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我們必須采取必要的措施逐個解決這些問題。/ I went to the tailor's to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁縫店量體做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是長度單位。

　 (2) measure 既可以用作及物動詞也可以用作不及物動詞，意思是“量，測量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我媽媽在給我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它鋪在桌子上，量起來可更容易些。

　[注意]表示“采取措施做某事”還可以用do something / things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 我們必須采取措施預防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything to deal with that problem? 你采取措施解決那個問題了嗎?

8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系(狀態(tài)) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推銷員通過電話與辦公室保持聯(lián)系。

　[短語]be in touch with 和…有聯(lián)系(狀態(tài))；get in touch with 和…取得聯(lián)系(動作) ；lose touch with 和…失去聯(lián)系(動作)；be out of touch with 和…失去聯(lián)系(狀態(tài))