解:(1)21.7-
+8.3-
,
=21.7+8.3-(
),
=30-1,
=29;
(2)
×
+
÷13,
=
,
=
(
),
=
1,
=
;
(3)(
+
-
)×12,
=
12
12
12,
=3+10-8,
=5;
(4)2.5×(1.9+1.9+1.9+1.9),
=2.5×1.9×4,
=(2.5×4)×1.9,
=10×1.9,
=19.
分析:(1)21.7-
+8.3-
,根據(jù)減法的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)進(jìn)行簡算;
(2)
×
+
÷13,把除數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為乘它的倒數(shù),再運(yùn)用乘法分配律進(jìn)行簡算;
(3)(
+
-
)×12,運(yùn)用乘法分配律進(jìn)行簡算;
(4)2.5×(1.9+1.9+1.9+1.9),首先根據(jù)乘法的意義,將原式轉(zhuǎn)化為:2.5×1.9×4,然后運(yùn)用乘法交換律和結(jié)合律進(jìn)行計(jì)算.
點(diǎn)評:此題考查的目的是理解掌握加法、乘法的運(yùn)算定律和減法的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),并且能夠靈活運(yùn)用這些運(yùn)算定律和運(yùn)算性質(zhì)對小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)四則混合運(yùn)算進(jìn)行簡便計(jì)算.