Between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, some humans discontinued their wandering hunting and gathering and settled down to farm. Grain was the first domesticated crop that started that farming process.
The oldest proven records of brewing are about 6,000 years old and refer to the Sumerians. Sumeria lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including Southern Mesopotamia. It is said that the Sumerians discovered the fermentation (發(fā)酵) process by chance. No one knows today exactly how this occurred, but it could be that a piece of bread or grain became wet and a short time later, it began to ferment.
The Sumerians were able to repeat this process and are assumed to be the first civilized culture to brew beer. They had discovered a “divine drink” which certainly was a gift from the gods. The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning “to drink”, and the Spanish word cerveza originates from the Greek goddess of agriculture, Ceres.
A vitamin-rich porridge, used daily, beer is reported to have increased health and longevity and reduced disease and malnutrition (營養(yǎng)不良). The self-medicating properties of alcohol-rich beer also eased the tensions and stresses of daily living in a hostile world. The use of yeast (酵母) was not yet known at that time. The success of the fermentation process was left to chance, as the brewers unknowingly relied on yeast particles in the air.
Considerable scientific research took place in breweries (釀酒廠) in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis Pasteur was Studies Concerning Beer where he revealed his knowledge of micro-organisms. By establishing that yeast is a living microorganism, Pasteur opened the gates for accurately controlling the conversion (轉(zhuǎn)換) of sugar to alcohol.
Another discovery in beer brewing was the work of Christian Hansen, a Danish scientist, who successfully isolated a single yeast cell and induced it to reproduce on an artificial culture medium. With the resulting yeast multiplication (繁殖) methods, the purity of the fermenting process has been improved.
小題1:According to the passage, who was the first to brew beer?
A．The Greeks.B．Christian Hansen.
C．Louis Pasteur.D．The Sumerians.
小題2:The last two paragraphs mainly talk about 　　   　 .
A．the function of micro-organisms
B．the success of the fermentation process
C．two scientific discoveries about brewing
D．the results of yeast multiplication methods
小題3:According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?
A．Grain was the first crop used to brew beer.
B．There are some yeast particles in the air.
C．The word “beer” originates from Latin.
D．Modern beer contains more alcoholic.
小題4:Which would be the best title for the text?
A．The beer culture.B．The history of beer.
C．The earliest brewery.D．Methods of brewing beer.

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:B

小題1:D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合The oldest proven records of brewing are about 6,000 years old and refer to the Sumerians.可知答案。
小題2:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合最后兩段的各自的第一句可知答案。
小題3:D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第一段可知A項(xiàng)正確；結(jié)合第四段the brewers unknowingly relied on yeast particles in the air可知B項(xiàng)正確;結(jié)合第3段The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere可知C項(xiàng)正確。
小題4:B文章標(biāo)題題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知本文主要介紹了啤酒的歷史。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s going to be a busy day at Betsy Ross house in Philadelphia on Thursday. She won’t be there, since she died in 1836, but hundreds of tourists will be going through her house.
You see, Thursday is Flag Day in the United States. The unofficial holiday commemorates the adoption of the stars-and-stripes design of the American flag by the Continental Congress 235 years ago, on June 14, 1777. According to lore, the Ross House is the birthplace of the nation’s flag. That’s open to debate, but it’s a story that schoolbooks still tell. Betsy Ross was a seamstress, busy  sewing cushions for chairs in Philadelphia, which was the focus place of the American revolution against British rule. The Declaration of Independence by the colonists was signed there, and so was the new nation’s Constitution after independence was won.
Widowed when her husband, a member of the local militia, was killed in a gunpowder explosion, Betsy Ross often mended the clothes of the rebels’ leader and future U.S. president, George Washington.  According to what some say in history and others a stretch of what really happened, Washington asked Ross to design and sew the new nation’s flag. The story was promoted by Ross grandson, who wrote that Betsy Ross had “made with her hands the first flag.” She became a role model for girls - a shining example of women’s contributions to the nation’s history. Most research indicates that Ross did sew the first flag. She’s credited with substituting artful five-point white stars for six-pointed ones in the upper-left blue field. But many other accounts indicate George Washington brought the design to Ross and simply asked her to stitch it together.  
In a letter, Washington wrote: “We take the stars from Heaven, the red from our mother country, separating it by white stripes, thus showing that we have separated from her.  And the white stripes shall go down to posterity as representing liberty.”  
小題1:People would like to go to Ross’s house in Philadelphia to _____.
A．a(chǎn)sk Betsy Ross who created the first American flag
B．meet her grandson who wrote a book about flags
C．debate over who designed the first American flag
D．remember her as the creator of the first American flag
小題2:Which statement is true according to the passage?
A．Betsy Ross was one of the people who signed The Declaration of Independence
B．All are in agreement that Ross designed the first American flag
C．It is almost certain that Ross did sew the first American flag
D．It is George Washington who designed the stars and stripes flag
小題3:The underlined the word “seamstress” in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.
A．a(chǎn) person who designs flags
B．a(chǎn) person who makes a living by sewing
C．a(chǎn) person who takes part in revolution
D．a(chǎn) person who creates chairs
小題4:What does the last paragraph imply according to the passage?
A．It implies that the U.S. is independent from Britain
B．It implies that Washington liked Ross’s design of the flag
C．It implies that Washington might be the designer of the flag
D．It implies that Ross did have helped with the design of the flag

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You may know your mother, but how well do you really know Mother’s Day? Cards, flowers, sales, TV specials, and a day off for someone who really deserves it —those are what probably come to mind for many people when they think of Mother’s Day. But there’s more about the story.
The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations were held during spring in Ancient Greece. The celebrations honored Rhea, the Mother of the gods. During the 1600s, England celebrated a day called Mothering Sunday. On this day even servants (仆人) were given the day off to spend with their families. A mothering cake was even served with the family meal.
In the U.S., Mother’s Day began in 1872 when Julia Ward Howe, who wrote the words of the famous song The Battle Hymn of the Republic, suggested it as a day devoted to peace. But it didn’t really become popular until 1907 when Anna Jarvis started a campaign (運(yùn)動(dòng)) to honor her own mother. She believed that mothers could help people get over the pain they experienced during the Civil War. The U.S. isn’t alone in devoting a day to its mothers. Many other countries including Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, Japan, and Belgium also celebrate their Mother’s Day in May. Other countries honor their mothers at different times of the year.
Learning more about Mother’s Day and celebrating Mother’s Day is important, but probably not as important as understanding what your own mother, or grandmother, or aunt has really done for you. And that should certainly be appreciated more than one day in a year.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The reason why people celebrate Mother’s Day.
B．How people honor mothers.
C．The history of Mother’s Day.
D．Mother’s Day in different countries.
小題2:Where was the earliest Mother’s Day celebrated?
A．In Ancient Greece.B．In the U.S.
C．In England.D．In Italy.
小題3:According to the third paragraph, we know that _____.
A．Julia Ward Howe composed a song about Mother’s Day
B．American people started to celebrate Mother’s Day in 1907
C．Anna Jarvis attached great importance to mothers
D．Mother’s Day celebrations are held in different times in the U.S. every year
小題4:The last paragraph tells us that ______.
A．a(chǎn)ll the people should celebrate Mother’s Day
B．only mothers are honored on Mother’s Day
C．understanding mothers’work is more important than just celebrating Mother’s Day
D．people should make every day a Mother’s Day

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

San Francisco has its cable cars． Seattle has its Space Needle． And, Longview has its squirrel bridge． The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark．
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars．
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of' the library grounds．Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff' put out a nutty feast for the squirrels． Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over．
One day Peters found a dead squirrels with a nut still in its mouth, and that day’s coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety． The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of' the City Council（市政會(huì)）．The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge “Nutty Narrows．”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction． They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum （鋁） and lengths of fire hose （消防水帶）． It cost $1,000．
It didn't take long before reports of' squirrels using the bridge started． Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes． The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world．
In 1983, after 20 years of' use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge．Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced． The faded sign was repainted and in July  1983, hundreds of' animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of 'the new bridge．
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project．
小題1:The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to       ．
A．offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B．set up a local landmark
C．help improve traffic
D．protect squirrels
小題2:What happened over the coffee break discussion?
A．The committee got the Council's blessing．
B．The squirrel bridge idea was born．
C．A councilwoman named the bridge
D．A squirrel was found dead．
小題3:What does the underlined phrase“teaching them the ropes”probably means in the text?
A．Passing them a rope
B．Directing them to store food for winter
C．Teaching them a lesson
D．Showing them how to use the bridge．
小題4:Which of the following is true of 'the squirrel bridge?
A．It was replaced by a longer one．
B．It was built from wood and metal
C．it was rebuilt after years of use
D．It was designed by Bill Hutch．
小題5:What can we learn about Amos Peters?
A．He is remembered for his love of' animals．
B．He donated $l,000 to build the bridge
C．He was a member of' the City Council
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It’s not the first movie to show the end of the world. But in the latest box office hit 2012 it is neither aliens nor a killer disease that threaten the human race, but climate change.
Some say the film lacks good dialogue and its science is questionable， others believe German director Roland Emmerich makes up for these flaws in special effects. An earthquake destroys the White House and Yellow stone  National Park ends up in flames．
Emmerich borrows from the old Mayan(瑪雅人的) story which says, that the world will end in 2012．He is being criticized for fuelling Internet rumors(傳聞) about doomsday(世界末日)
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A．Aliens．B．The human race．C．Climate change．D．A killer disease．
小題2:What does the underlined word “fuelling’’ in the third paragraph refer to?
A．Making sth. stronger．．B．Putting gas into a car．
C．Producing power or heat．D．Burning
小題3:Which of the following statements about the film 2012 is TRUE according to the text?
A．A big fire destroys Yellow-stone National Park．
B．All scientists in the world know of no threat connected with 2012．
C． The old Mayan story says that the world will end in
D．Every culture has a myth of destruction rather than creation
小題4:Why do the rumors about doomsday come about now and then?
A．Because during times of crisis, people tend to worry about their future．
B．Because aliens often threaten the human race．
C．Because killer diseases happen at times．
D． Because the old Mayan story says that the world will

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A long time ago, in an Italian city, the people there built a tower which was admired by everyone passing through. A little further down the road, in a neighboring city, they had built a tower of similar beauty. The two towers were equally well known. The people of the second city, envious (妒忌的) and filled with pride, planned to destroy the neighboring tower so it wouldn’t take attention away from their own. One night, they came to the tower and began to quietly undermine its foundations(地基).
The next morning, the tower was leaning(傾斜) slightly ,but nobody noticed. The same happened for the following few days, until a little girl who was passing by pointed up at the tower and said: “ I think the tower is going to fall down.” And everyone around looked closely, and could see that she was right .Nervousness spread through the city. And they tried many methods to try to straighten the tower, but nothing seemed to work. That was, until one day when the same little girl was walking up again, and she put her arm on the side of the tower to rest. She felt the tower shaking slightly. When she took her hand off it, the movement stopped. And when she put it back on again, the same thing happened. The girl spent a while doing this, until she was completely certain of what she had discovered: “ The tower is ticklish ( 怕癢的) ！” She ran to get some plants, and she planted them right next to the tower. Now if the tower leant over any further it would be tickled by the leaves of those plants. Being a ticklish tower, it would then return to where it had been. In this way, the girl managed to make sure that the tower didn’t fall down, but still kept it leaning a little.
The fact that it was leaning made it even more famous, and this taught a fine lesson to the envious people of the neighboring city.
小題1:Why did the people of the second city plan to destroy the neighboring tower?
A．Because the tower blocked the way of their tourists.
B．Because the tower had the same building style as theirs.
C．Because they hoped that the tower could lean slightly.
D．Because they hoped that visitors just liked their own tower.
小題2:The underlined word“undermine”（in Paragraph1）probably mean “_________”．
A．test B．raiseC．damageD．strengthen
小題3:When local people heard the news that their tower was going to fall down, they were _________.
A．very anxious
B．very happy
C．very ashamed of themselves
D．a(chǎn)ngry at the people in the neighboring city
小題4:What lesson can we learn from the practice of the envious people in the neighboring city?
A．All that ends well is well.
B．Every dog has his day.
C．A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
D．A friend is never known till a man has need.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Details of the latest James Bond film Skyfall have been shown to the public. It comes 50 years to the day after actor Sean Connery first played Bond — the superspy in Dr No.
The new film, known at the moment only as Bond 23, will be the third to star Daniel Craig as the secretagent (特工). Other names in the cast include Albert Finney, Javier Bardem and Ralph Fiennes.
British film-maker Sam Mendes, who won an Oscar for American Beauty, will direct the latest adventure.
Ajay Chowdhury, from the James Bond International Fan Club, said, “Daniel Craig’s third time as 007 has been looked forward to by Bond fans around the world. The fans have been made to wait extra long for this film since the global economiccrisis (經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)) delayed the film for some time.”
“Mendes has an unusual way of directing, and with the acting gift and the precedent (先例) set by the previous two films in which Craig played Bond, Skyfall promises a Bond film where the sky may not be the limit.”
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Craig’ s performance as Bond gave new life to the film series, leading to the highest ever 007 box office (票房) takings of ￡367 million for his role in Casino Royale in 2006. Quantum of Solace, the most recent film in the series released in 2008, made ￡353 million.
小題1:According to the text, who will play Bond in film Skyfall?
A．Albert Finney.B．Sean Connery.
C．Daniel Craig.D．Sam Mendes.
小題2:Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Skyfall will be the last film of the 007 series.
B．Bond first appeared on the screen about 50 years ago.
C．Sam Mendes won an Oscar for American Beauty.
D．Skyfall will be shot in South Africa and India.
小題3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Skyfall will also be a Bond film.
B．Skyfall will be a great film.
C．Skyfall will be longer than the previous ones.
D．Skyfall will be set in the sky.
小題4:What can we learn from the text?
A．The film Skyfall will be released later than planned.
B．It is the first time that Daniel Craig has played Bond.
C．Daniel Craig receives little attention from movie fans.
D．Quantum of Solace has made the most money so far.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Why does the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy lean? It leans because of a mistake. It has leaned almost since the day the tower was built.
In 1173, the people of Pisa, Italy, wanted to build a bell tower. They wanted the tower to be the most beautiful bell tower in all of Italy. The city also needed a bell tower because the church did not have one.
However, there was a problem. As soon as the first floor of the building was finished, the tower started to lean. Builders tried to make the building straight again as they added more floors, but they couldn’t figure out how to make it stop leaning.
It took almost 180 years to finish the tower. Since then, the tower has leaned by another millimeter every year. Today, the Leaning Tower has eight floors and is 54.5 meters tall. By 1990, it was leaning by about 4 meters to one side. It was also slowly sinking into the ground. Many people became worried that it would soon fall apart.
In 1998, repair works began on the tower, and by the end of 2001, it had been moved back by 45 centimeters. The tower will still lean, however, so it will need to be repaired again---in another 200 years.
小題1:why did the people of  Pisa want to build the tower?
A．They needed a new churchB．They wanted to build the tallest tower in TowerC．They needed a bell tower.D． They wanted to build a leaning tower.
小題2:When did the tower begin to lean?
A．from the first day it was builtB．a(chǎn)fter the first floor was built
C．a(chǎn)fter the last floor was builtD．180 years after it was built
小題3:When was the tower finished?
A．in 1173B．in 1180C．in 1353D．in 1474
小題4:Before being repaired,, the tower leaned every year by another _______
A．1 millimeterB．45 centimetersC．54.5 millimetersD．4 meters
小題5:Which of the following is NOT true about the tower?
A．It was sinking into the ground
B．People were worried it might fall apart
C．It was repaired between 1990 and 1998.
D．It will need to be repaired again in 200 years.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


As late as 1800, women's only place was in the home. The idea of women in the business world was unthinkable. Men were certain that no woman could do a good job outside her home. This was such a widely accepted idea that when the well-known Bronte sisters began writing books in 1864, they had to sign their books with men's names instead.
Teaching was the first profession(職業(yè))open to women soon after 1800. But even that was not an easy profession for women to enter because most schools and colleges were open only to men. Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to accept women.
Hospital nursing became respectable work for women only after Nightingale became famous. Seeing that she was not only a nurse but also a rich and well-educated woman, people began to believe it was possible for women to nurse the sick and still be “l(fā)adies”. Miss Nightingale opened England's first training school for nurses in 1860.
The invention of the typewriter(打字機(jī))in 1867 helped to bring women out of the home and into the business world. By 1900. thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools, hospitals, and offices in both England and America. Some women even managed to become doctors or lawyers. The idea that women could work in the business world had been accepted.
63. Why couldn't women become teachers easily? Because_______.
A. the first profession open to them was writing
B. most schools and colleges were open only to men
C. they wanted to be nurses instead  D. they had to work in the business world
64. The article is mainly about_______.
A. women in the business world  B. the famous Bronte sisters
C. schools and colleges in America  D. rights for American women
65. Which fact does the article lead you to believe?
A. The Bronte sisters thought that they were men.
B. England's first training school for nurses was in Ohio.
C. There are more men than women in professional job.
D. Women find it necessary to work harder than before.
66. Which of the following is TRUE.
A. The typewriter was made in the 1970's. 
B. Most Englanders are doctors or lawyers.
C. People's ideas about women's work have changed.
D. The 18th century saw a changing world for women.

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