Question

Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic (身心的) Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.

The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.

The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other woman to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30 less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years, Hilary Tinkle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.

The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.

Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile (敵意的), or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer.

The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely mot to exercise.

Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.

1.In which part of a newspaper can you read the above passage?

A. Nation. B. Opinion.

C. Business. D. Science.

2.Researchers carry out the study to .

A. decide who is more likely to enjoy a happier life.

B. gather information for the National Institutes of Health.

C. find out the link between personality and health.

D. compare each woman’s personality changes.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Negative emotions cause a shorter life indeed.

B. The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy.

C. It’s uncertain whether optimism affects one’s health.

D. There may be some link between personality.

4.Who is more likely to die of cancer according to the passage?

A. A woman who doesn’t exercise.

B. woman who always doubts what others say.

C. A woman with high blood pressure.

D. A woman with poor physical health.

5.What’s Hilary Tindle’s opinion of the study?

A. Necessary. B. Useless.

C. Unfair. D. meaningless.

Answer 1

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.B

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要講述了近期的一項(xiàng)新的美國(guó)人的身心社會(huì)研究。這項(xiàng)研究從1994年開(kāi)始，對(duì)于55歲以上的10萬(wàn)美國(guó)婦女進(jìn)行身心調(diào)查。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查詢問(wèn)了解婦女關(guān)于未來(lái)的信念和理想的問(wèn)題，嘗試了解每個(gè)婦女8年間的個(gè)性變化。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樂(lè)觀的情緒，使得女性更少死于心臟病等疾病，樂(lè)觀的心態(tài)與更長(zhǎng)的生命有聯(lián)系。研究最后指出，雖然沒(méi)有證實(shí)樂(lè)觀導(dǎo)致健康的選擇，樂(lè)觀能夠影響一個(gè)人的身體健康，以及消極的情緒和不信任導(dǎo)致糟糕的健康，但是這似乎引發(fā)需要更多研究的聯(lián)系。

1. study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.意思是：這項(xiàng)研究是世界健康組織的女性健康自發(fā)組織的部分研究�？芍�這篇文章可以在科學(xué)新聞上面看到。故選D。

2. researchers attempted to identify each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.意思是：研究嘗試在收集信息之后，在八年間識(shí)別每個(gè)女性的個(gè)性�？芍�研究人員發(fā)表研究主要是要尋找個(gè)性與健康之間的關(guān)系。故選C。

3. findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.意思是：在這八年間，發(fā)現(xiàn)依然顯示樂(lè)觀會(huì)減少死亡的幾率。由此可推斷你越樂(lè)觀，則越可能享受長(zhǎng)壽。故選B。

4. women who answered the questions were found to be hostile (敵意的), or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer.意思是：一些回答問(wèn)題的女性，被發(fā)現(xiàn)是有敵意的，高度不相信別人，這些女性比其他人死亡的幾率高16%。這些人癌癥死亡的幾率也高于23%�？芍�那些總是懷疑別人說(shuō)話的人最容易死于癌癥。故選B。

5. there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.意思是：這確實(shí)顯示樂(lè)觀情緒與人們健康狀況之間的聯(lián)系，因此需要更進(jìn)一步的研究�？芍�，Hilary Tindle對(duì)于研究的意見(jiàn)是必要的。故選A。

考點(diǎn)：考查說(shuō)明文閱讀。