It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身體不舒服). When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.
This is a finding of Norman R. Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US. The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．Pace's team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities. They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium.
But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry．He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．
But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice. Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on. If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months.
However, Pace had good news too. He has also been testing the air in US subways. Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh. The reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.
Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places. This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack.
小題1:From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired because      .
A．it’s easy to get a cold when taking a bath
B．the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness
C．we don’t get cleaned while showering
D．we don’t get a weak immune system
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads.
B．Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium.
C．Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms.
D．Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds.
小題3:We can learn from the third paragraph that       .
A．having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time
B．the bacteria always threat people’s health
C．there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system
D．it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower
小題4:The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “______”．
A．cause B．a(chǎn)void C．describeD．promise
小題5:What contributes to fresh air in US subways?
A．The train’s movement.B．Iron particles．
C．Train wheels.D．Air conditioners on the trains．

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:A
小題5:A

試題分析：文章介紹Norman R. Pace和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，大多數(shù)淋浴頭含有致病的細(xì)菌，但是這不會(huì)對(duì)人的健康有危害，但是免疫力差的人要注意，他還研究了美國(guó)的地鐵，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，地鐵里面的空氣是新鮮的。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文第一段的句子：A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness可知根據(jù)Norman R. Pace 的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?cè)谙催^(guò)澡后會(huì)感冒會(huì)咳嗽，因?yàn)榱茉☆^會(huì)攜帶很多致病的細(xì)菌，選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第四段的句子：But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice. Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on.可知淋浴水在流了30秒后，細(xì)菌就少多了。選D
小題3:推理題：從第三段的句子：Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry．可知對(duì)免疫力強(qiáng)的人沒(méi)有必要害怕微生物，選C
小題4:猜詞題：從第三段的句子：But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．可知這些微生物對(duì)健康幾乎不能造成威脅。所以pose相當(dāng)于cause，所以選A
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第五段的句子：Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh. The reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.
可知美國(guó)的地鐵里面，火車(chē)的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)新鮮空氣是有幫助的，選A。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Being organized is an important skill for school and life.When you’re well organized，you can stay focused，instead of spending time hunting things down and getting sidetracked.What does it mean to be organized？For schoolwork，it means having one notebook or place where you store all your assignments，so you know what you have to do and when.Keeping clearly labeled binders or folders for handouts and keeping all your schoolwork neat and in a specific place—these are the main parts of organization.
For home stuff，being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go.It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.It means keeping your schoolbag，your shoes，and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.
Planning is part of being organized，too.Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.Calendars，lists，and schedules can help you plan.You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace.Making a schedule or a “to­do” list for yourself is a good idea.Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do.Add new things as you get assignments，and check off things when you’ve done them.Use your list to help you decide which thing is the most important to work on first.
It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff.But once you’re organized，you feel great.The less time you spend hunting around for things or panicking about homework，the more time you have for better things，like reading a good book or playing.
小題1:According to the first paragraph，“being organized” probably means “________”．
A．looking for something with others here and there
B．doing something according to the plan made ahead of time
C．getting together every now and then
D．telling you what you have to do every day
小題2:If you are well organized at home，you will________.
A．leave all the things as they are
B．hang your coat on a chair
C．know where your clean underwear is
D．a(chǎn)sk your mom where your shoes are
小題3:Which one of the following is the right order of being organized?
a．Deciding what you have to do and when.
b．Finding a notebook where you can write down your “to­do” list.
c．Getting rid of the things that have been done in the list.
d．Making a “to­do” list for yourself.
A．b，a，d，cB．a(chǎn)，d，c，b
C．c，b，a，dD．d，c，b，a
小題4:What may be the best title for this passage?
A．Planning Is Part of Being Organized
B．A Good Beginning Is Half Done
C．Being Organized—an Important Skill
D．Where There Is a Will There Is a Way

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The first flights of the new airlines that will take tourists into space are ready to take off in 2012, and getting a seat on one is not all that different from booking a trip someplace on Earth. You can sign up on the website of, say, Virgin Galactic，the most well­known of the new space tourism companies, or go to an approved travel agency and put down a large deposit. Soon you will be able to buy travel insurance，just as you can for any other vacation.
Until now，space tourism has been limited to the ultrawealthy. Just seven people have paid tens of millions of dollars each for a trip to the International Space Station aboard a Russian rocket.
But that could change this year, when Virgin Galactic intends to start offering flights just beyond the space barrier on a rocket ship it has built, featuring five minutes of weightlessness during a two­and­a­half­hour tour. At $ 200,000 a seat, this will open the final frontier to far more people.
At least two other specialty airlines have jumped in as well, taking reservations and deposits for future space flights.Allianz, the big insurer, will introduce an insurance product in 2012, lending space tourism the trappings of the regular travel industry.
“Just to be able to sell space travel as a regular part of your business, really, just how cool is that？” said Lynda Turley Garrett, president of Alpine Travel of Saratoga, Calif.，who is one of 58 accredited space agents for Virgin Galactic in the United States.
In five years，Ms.Garrett has sold three seats. But she expects that to change once passengers start going up and coming down to tell their friends. “By 2017，it'll be just like scheduling a flight to L．A.，” Ms.Garrett predicted.
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A．go to any travel agency
B．telephone Virgin Galactic
C．pay a visit to Allianz
D．sign up on the website of Virgin Galactic
小題2:From Paragraph 2 we can know that ________.
A．only the extremely rich people can afford the space trip
B．seven people have paid tens of millions of dollars for a space trip
C．Russia is the first country to build the space station
D．ordinary people are not allowed to take space tour
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A．It is one of the approved space agencies.
B．It is a famous space tourism company.
C．It sells insurance products to space tourists.
D．Its rocket has carried space passengers successfully.
小題4:What does the underlined word “trappings” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to?
A．Standard uniforms.
B．Traditional decorations.
C．Symbolic signs.
D．Personal belongings.
小題5:What does Ms. Garrett think of the future space travel?
A．Common.　B．Changeable.
C．Flexible.　D．Reasonable.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.
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　   If you look at children, you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life --- he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.
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A．What’s real meaning of intelligence
B．What’s the “bright” children’s behavior
C．What’s a special outlook on life
D．How to live and behave in a new situation
小題2:In the author’s opinion the biggest difference between “bright” children and “not bright” children lies in ____________.
A．the amount of intelligence
B．the different situations they face
C．the different attitudes to life
D．the background of life
小題3:What might the author continue to talk about in the passage that follows?
A．how to determine what intelligence is
B．How an unintelligent person should be taught
C．how to judge whether a person is intelligent
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Barack Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs—what do they have in common? They are, of course, all Americans. And according to a survey by social networking site badoo. com, they all best illustrate(舉例說(shuō)明) the word “cool”.

But just what does it mean to say someone is “cool”? Most would answer that it is something to do with being independent-minded and not following the crowd.
Yale University art professor Robert Farris Thompson says that the term “cool” goes back to 15th century West African philosophy(哲學(xué)).  “Cool” relates to ideas of grace(優(yōu)雅) under pressure.
“In Africa, ” he writes, “coolness is a positive quality which combines calmness, silence, and life.”
The modern idea of “cool” developed largely in the US in the period after World War II. “Post-war ‘cool’ was in part an expression of war-weariness (n. 厭戰(zhàn)情緒)
. . . it went against the strict social rules of the time,” write sociologists Dick Pountain and David Robins in Cool Rules:Anatomy of an Attitude.
But it was the American actor James Dean who became the symbol for “cool” in the hugely successful 1955 movie Rebel without a Cause.  Dean plays a tough guy who disobeys his parents and the authorities. He always gets the girl, smokes cigarettes, wears a leather jacket and beats up bullies(欺凌弱小者). In the movie, Dean showed what “cool” would mean to American young people for the next 60 years.
Today the focus of “cool” has changed to athletics (體育運(yùn)動(dòng)) stars. Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom. This can be seen quite clearly in movies like Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die.
But many teenagers also think being smart is cool. Chess and other thinking games have been becoming more popular in schools.
“Call it the Harry Potterization of America—a time when being smart is the new cool,” writes journalist Joe Sunnen.
小題1:Barack Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________.
A．introduce the topicB．draw our attention
C．tell us what they have in commonD．tell us what is “cool”
小題2:If you were considered “cool” in Africa in the 15th century, you ________.
A．thought and acted differently from the majority
B．had a calm and quiet attitude towards life
C．didn’t observe rules and authorities
D．had all kinds of “bad” manners
小題3:The heroes in Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die are likely to be those who ________.
A．do very well in their studies
B．a(chǎn)re very skilled at sports
C．a(chǎn)re good at chess and other thinking games.
D．have supernatural powers like Harry Potter
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
A．It is generally considered “cool” to be independent-minded and not to follow the crowd.
B．“Cool” was used as early as the 15th century.
C．Disobeying one’s parents and the authorities is considered “cool” among American young people nowadays.
D．Getting the first place in an exam can also be considered “cool”.
小題5:What does the article mainly talk about?
A．The origin of the word “cool”.
B．The kinds of people who are “cool”.
C．The changing meaning of the word “cool”.
D．How to be a “ cool” person.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Televisions were among the most talked about items at the 2013 International Consumer Electronics Show last week in Las Vegas, Nevada. Some employed the most advanced technology ever.
Some of the TVs used a new technology called Organic Light Emitting Diodes, or OLED. They were thinner, lighter, offered better color and were brighter than traditional LEDs. Smart TVs this year were smarter. Many offered technology that let users have a more personalized experience. One such TV from the electronics company TCL uses sensors and voice recognition to determine who is watching. It then offers programming based on the specific user. Another TV from Panasonic offers a similar personalized user experience.
In addition to television technology, size also played a major part in CES 2013. Televisions varied in size from big to bigger, with at least two companies — Samsung and HiSense — exhibiting TVs measuring 110 inches.
The yearly Consumer Electronics Show is the biggest technology trade show in North America and one of the biggest in the world.
Gary Shapiro is president and CEO of the Consumer Electronics Association, the group that organizes CES. He gave one of the keynote speeches on opening day.
“Now you know that CES is more than a trade show. It’s a gathering of the brightest minds and the top leaders from many industries and those seeking a glimpse into the future.”
That glimpse into the future included a look at digital health and fitness devices, which were also big at CES 2013. There were devices that track your activity and others that measure blood pressure, heart rate and weight. There was even a fork that tells you when you are eating too fast.
Cars, smart-phones, tablet computers and PCs also made news. And a 27-inch table computer drew quite a bit of attention.
CEA President Gary Shapiro says there was much to see but not nearly enough time to see it all. “You cannot see the show in the four days that you have. We have over 3200 different industries showing over 20,000 new products. It’s absolutely incredible.”
小題1:At the 2013 CES, which item drew the most attention?
A．Cars.B．Smart-phones.C．Computers.D．Televisions.
小題2:From the text, we can know that the TV from Panasonic _________.
A．is bigger than the othersB．uses the technology of OLED
C．offers a personalized experience D．can track your activity
小題3:What can we know from Gary Shapiro?
A．CES is only a big trade show.
B．CES offers a glimpse into the future.
C．CES lasts only four days in all.
D．He thinks little of the new products’ quality.
小題4:At the CES, the biggest TV in size might be from ______.
A．HiSenseB．PanasonicC．TCLD．CEA
小題5:From the passage we can infer that__________.
A．the CES is held every 4 years
B．a(chǎn)t the 2013 CES, the TV section was crowded
C．if you watch TV every day, you needn’t see a doctor
D．tablet computers drew more attention at the 2013 CES

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are some new drivers going back to school. Teens who have recently gotten their driver's licenses may be taking the wheel to school this fall. However, parents fear when their teen starts driving. And it turns out that such parental fears are justified, so it's worth reviewing how to keep your teen safe while he or she is behind the wheel.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among US teens. Drivers 16 to 19 years old are at the greatest risk of crashes. In fact, their risk is 4 times greater than that of older drivers. The teens at the greatest risk are those who are male, those carrying other teenage passengers in the car, and those still in their first year of driving. Nearly 50 percent of teen deaths related to automobile crashes happen on Fridays, Saturdays, or Sundays between the hours of 3 pm and midnight.
Why are teens at higher risk of motor vehicle crashes?
Development. Teens haven't completely matured mentally and have greater risk­taking behaviors, possibly because they tend to underestimate the risk associated with a particular behavior. Teens also have a greater tendency to speed and to drive too close to the cars in front of them.
No seatbelts. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use among all driving groups.
Alcohol. A least 25 percent of motor vehicle deaths in teens are related to drinking alcohol.
Technological distractions(分散注意力的事)．Cellphones，texting，MP3 players，and the like can all distract drivers greatly—and who more than teenagers?
Be aware of your teen's driving practices and discuss safe driving habits when opportunities present themselves. Check out the applications and devices now available for restricting your teen's use of technology while driving. Some applications alert you to the danger when your teen is texting while the vehicle is moving. Another device blocks incoming and outgoing texts when the car is running—incoming messages get an automatic reply (eg. “I'm driving right now”), and phone calls go directly to voicemail. You can also get notifications if your teen tries to shut off the program. There are also GPS programs that let you know your new driver's whereabouts at all times. All in all, you can't be too cautious when teaching your teen how to be safe on the road.
小題1:What factor is least related to the teen drivers' high risks of crashes?
A．Drivers' age.B．Passengers' sex.
C．Driving experience.D．Driving time.
小題2:Teens probably turn away their attention from driving when they are ________.
A．using no seatbeltsB．drinking water
C．carrying passengersD．a(chǎn)nswering cellphones
小題3:According to the passage, which should be prevented during teens' driving?
A．Texting.B．GPS programs.
C．Automated replies.D．Voicemail.
小題4:The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.
A．offer parents practical suggestions
B．summarize teens' driving practices
C．a(chǎn)dvocate different driving habits
D．set an example for the teens

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo(接受) testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue（疲勞）.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盤(pán)). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
小題1:How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
A．By sounding a warning.
B．By touching the wristband.
C．By checking the driving time.
D．By pressing the steering wheel.
小題2:We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ________
A．a(chǎn)bout 400 milliseconds B．below 500 milliseconds
C．over 500 milliseconds D．a(chǎn)bout 4 minutes
小題3:When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.
A．moves more regularly
B．stops working properly
C．opens the window for the driver
D．sounds more frequently and loudly
小題4:According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
A．a(chǎn)ims to reduce tiredness-related accidents
B．has gone through testing at laboratories
C．a(chǎn)ims to prevent drivers from sleeping
D．has been on sale for 12 months

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Our love of music and appreciation of musical harmony is learnt and not based on natural ability, a new study by University of Melbourne researchers has found. The researchers said previous theories about how we appreciate music were based on the physical functions of sound, the ear itself and a born ability to hear harmony.
The study shows that musical harmony can be learnt, and it is a matter of training the brain to hear the sounds. So if you thought that the music of some foreign culture (or Jazz) sounded like the crying of cats, it’s simply because you haven’t learnt to listen by their rules.
The researchers used 66 volunteers with a range of musical training and tested their ability to hear combinations of notes(音符) to determine if they found the combinations familiar or pleasing. They found that people needed to be familiar with combinations of notes. If they found the notes unfamiliar they also found the sound unpleasant. This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive.
The study found that trained musicians were much more sensitive to unpleasant notes than non-musicians. When they couldn’t find the note, the musicians reported that the sounds were unpleasant, while non-musicians were much less sensitive. This shows the importance of training or nurturing(培養(yǎng)) the brain to like particular sound of combinations of notes, like those found in jazz or rock.
Depending on their training, a strange chord(和弦) sound was pleasant to some musicians, but very unpleasant to others. This showed us that even the ability to hear a musical note is learnt.
To confirm this finding, they trained 19 non-musicians to find the notes of a random selection of western chords. Not only did the participants’ ability to hear notes improve rapidly, afterward they reported that the chords they had learnt sounded more pleasant -- regardless of how the chords were played.
The question of why some combinations of musical notes are heard as pleasant or unpleasant has long been debated. “We have shown in this study that for music, beauty is in the brain of the beholder(觀看者)”, a researcher said.
小題1:According to the study, people find foreign music quite unpleasant because_____.
A．they hear the music much too often
B．they don’t like the person playing it
C．they have no idea about how to listen
D．they have no born musical ability at all
小題2:Although non-musicians were less sensitive to music, they can still_____.
A．be trained to like particular music
B．make friends with real musicians
C．find the beauty of chords without training
D．enjoy the beauty of music when played by musicians
小題3:The 19 non-musicians were trained in order to show_____.
A．the brain likes particular combinations of notes
B．not a strange note was pleasant to all musicians
C．how the chords were played was very important
D．people’s ability to hear a musical note can be learnt
小題4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Love of musical harmony can’t be taught.
B．Love of music is not natural but nurtured.
C．Listening to music can improve your brain.
D．You can be a musician without being trained.

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