Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive（原始的）humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating（減輕）symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (禮儀) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics (道德). Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived（源自于）from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.
小題1:The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.
A．the first sentence of the paragraph
B．the second sentence of the paragraph
C．the third sentence of the paragraph
D．the last sentence of the paragraph
小題2:Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?
A．Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.
B．Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.
C．Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.
D．Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.
小題3:Considering Hippocrates’ background, we can see from the second paragraph that ________.
A．he was the forefather of modern medicine
B．experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him
C．he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts
D．experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived
小題4:All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT ________.
A．helping patients
B．keeping oneself from harming patients
C．keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients
D．obeying rules for modern medicine practice
小題5:Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged.
B．Medicine comes from nature.
C．Environment affects health.
D．Climate determines lifestyle.

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:D
小題5:C

試題分析：嘗試?yán)斫馍鐣?huì)行為和健康的關(guān)系有著歷史淵源。原始人依靠本能來(lái)保持健康，但由于他們對(duì)人體的機(jī)能尚不了解，于是就把疾病和健康與神靈聯(lián)系在了一起。古希臘醫(yī)學(xué)家希波克拉底對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。
小題1:第一段第一句“Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history.”是第一段的主題句，第一段講的是古人對(duì)健康的了解和看法，故選A。
小題2:根據(jù)第一段“Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders.”可知，原始人對(duì)人體的功能了解不多，于是就把疾病與巫術(shù)練習(xí)了起來(lái)，故選B。
小題3:根據(jù)“Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name.”可知，關(guān)于希波克拉底，人們知道的很少，除了知道他是希臘人，生活在公元前400年，故選D。
小題4:根據(jù)“he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship”可知，A、B、C都是希波克拉底誓言里面的內(nèi)容，故選D。
小題5:根據(jù)“human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors”可知，最后一段講的是，環(huán)境與健康的關(guān)系，故選C。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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小題6:
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小題7:
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小題8:
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小題9:
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小題12:
A．worseB．strongerC．betterD．madder
小題13:
A．highB．muchC．lowD．little
小題14:
A．powerfulB．harmfulC．gratefulD．stressful
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A．practicalB．limitedC．basicD．perfect
小題16:
A．withB．toC．a(chǎn)boutD．from
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A．straightB．smoothC．middleD．rough
小題18:
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小題19:
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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A study found that people decide where they stand based on a micro social status，established within seconds of entering the lift.
Rebekah Rousi．a(chǎn) Ph. D．student in cognitive(認(rèn)知)science，conducted an ethnographic(人種論)
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B communication in the elevator
C. elevator riders’ standing positions 
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Paul and his partner followed the instructions and set up their equipment. Paul went to the cupboard to get a bottle of hydrochloric acid. He found that there was only one bottle in the cupboard so he took that. There was no label on the bottle and Paul didn’t check with the teacher if it was the right solution.
He measured the liquid and poured it into a test tube. Using tongs to hold the test tube, he heated it over the Bunsen burner. That’s when things started to go wrong. The liquid in the test tube was not hydrochloric acid. When it was heated, it formed a thick cloud of white gas. Soon the room was full of this strong smelling white gas.
All the students started coughing and their eyes hurt. The teacher immediately opened the windows and ordered the students to leave the laboratory at once. She realized that the liquid was a crylamide (丙烯酰胺) and that it is poisonous.
Fortunately, nobody was injured in the incident. However, it taught the students and the teacher a good lesson.
小題1:What lesson did the incident teach the students and the teacher?
A．Never have a bottle without a label in the chemistry lab!
B．Obey your teacher’s instructions in the Chemistry lab.
C．A crylamide can’t take the place of hydrochloric acid.
D．Finding something unusual happened, you have to leave the laboratory at once.
小題2:What substance were the students making in the experiment?
A．WaterB．Carbon dioxide gasC．SaltD．Poisonous gas
小題3:Why did Paul make the mistake?
A．He went to the cupboard to get the bottle by himself.
B．He found that there was only one bottle in the cupboard so he took that.
C．There was no label on the bottle.
D．Paul didn’t check with the teacher that it was the right solution.
小題4:Why did the teacher send the students out of the classroom?
A．Becausethe room was full of this strong smelling white gas.
B．Because all the students started coughing and their eyes hurt.
C．Becausethe liquid was a crylamide and that it is poisonous.
D．Because someone was injured in the incident.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A kitchen that gives step-by-step cooking instructions in French could inspire a revolution in language learning in the UK. By using a new technology, it speaks to you as you prepare a French dish. The kitchen breaks new ground by taking language learning out of the classroom and linking it with an enjoyable and rewarding real-life activity.
The new kitchen is designed to be used in schools, universities and even people’s homes. It could also be an existing kitchen. The first version of the technology was tested in the kitchens of project partner Newcastle University. The kitchen could be available for schools and universities, and for the UK market by the June of 2014.
The Newcastle University team is now working on ways to put it on the market. And the European Union has given money to begin programs in six other languages, including English Italian and Spanish. Finally, versions could be developed for any language cuisine（烹飪法）in the world.
Professor Paul says, “By international standards, the UK students are now poor when it comes to learning languages—a problem that certainly has an economic influence. We believe that developing skills in a country’s language and its cuisine will help change the trend.”
On a computer fixed into the kitchen, the user first selects the French recipe（菜譜）they want to follow. Digital sensors built into dishes, containers and other equipment then communicate with the computer to make sure the right instructions are given at the right time, the user can ask the computer to repeat an instruction, or translate it into English, simply by pressing the touch screen. After cooking, the user can test what they have learned by carrying out a short test on the computer.
All grammar and vocabulary has been carefully selected to make sure that using the kitchen adds to basic proficiency（熟練）in understanding French.
Now three easy-carrying versions of the kitchen are being prepared. They’re to be fixed in Newcastle University and at Institute Francais, a London-based charity devoted to teaching the French language.
小題1:The new kitchen is designed mainly to __________.
A．increase people’s interest in cooking
B．teach people how to cook French dishes
C．offer people a new way to learn languages
D．help cooks learn spoken French in the kitchen
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about the kitchen?
A．It has versions in six languages now.
B．It is already available for sale in the UK.
C．It has received strong support from the EU.
D．It can be used only in schools and university.
小題3:When a person is using the kitchen, ___________.
A．it will give him a test on his cooking skills
B．it can translate French into another language
C．the cooking process will stop if he goes wrong
D．he must be careful so as not to make mistakes
小題4:What would be the best title for the text?
A．UK students have problems in language learning.
B．New technology helps students learning cooking.
C．An enjoyable and rewarding real-life activity.
D．A Talking Kitchen That Teaches You French.

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