We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating(交替) with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
　　The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed（顛倒的） routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts(輪班) are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
　　The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (發(fā)生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
　　This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the pressure of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People occupied in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at two-hour intervals(間隔時間) throughout the period of wakefulness, it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
小題1:The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in       .
A．the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
B．the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently
C．the fact that people working at night are often less effective
D．the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
小題2:The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be       .
A．to change shifts at longer intervals.
B．to have longer shifts
C．to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only
D．to create better living conditions for night workers
小題3:It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because       .
A．body temperature is higher when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates
B．body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back
C．the temperature reverses when the routine is changed
D．people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A．Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.
B．The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the- clock working system.
C．Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.
D．Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:B

試題分析：文章大意：本文主要介紹了24小時倒班工作存在的主要問題，并提出了某些解決辦法，但都沒有明顯成效。
小題1:B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed（顛倒的） routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts(輪班) are changed every week可知24小時工作制的工人們常常被頻繁更換工作時間。故B正確。
小題2:C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段的This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
可知換班時間應(yīng)該延長，故C正確。
小題3:D 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的People occupied in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night可知人體的體溫是隨著上班時間的改變而改變的，故D正確。
小題4:B 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選B。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My grandmother Adele loved culture and was generous with its gifts. When I was a child, she took me to museums, restaurants, dances. She showered me with gifts from her travels around the world. But I can only remember her giving me one book—a book that, to this day, I have not read. She presented me with her own favorite childhood book: Hans Brinker. My grandmother was happy to share this book with me. She even decorated the title page with her proud writing.
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Standing on a bookshelf in our living room, the book was like something I avoided. It scolded me for not being interested, for not trying hard enough, for disappointing my grandmother.
The book started to fit in, almost forgotten, until Adele asked. Had I read it? Did I like it? Always determined, she wanted to know the answer. I would make some kind of excuse, feel bad, and open it again, hoping for a new reaction. The book weighed on me.
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B．loved to take him to museums and stores
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D．gave him many gifts
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D．the author keeps reading the book
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A．give others books as gifts
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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According to the state comptroller’s office, online shopping is developing at a more rapid rate than traditional businesses.
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Wilson said he built his personal computer and paid a third of the price by shopping on line.
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A．A bad habit of putting work or tasks off．
B．A thief who steals time and money in college.
C．A college student who learns nothing．
D．A study way of doing nothing in the library.
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B．Many students don’t know what to do in the library．
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D．20％of the procrastinators make their life complicated．
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B．You’d better buy a tent with the help of the Internet.
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A．they are working in noisy places
B．they often listen to pop music
C．they live near airports
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A．People working and living under noisy places usually have good hearing.
B．Many teenagers in the US was said to have bad hearing because they enjoy listening to pop music.
C．A few people living near airports become deaf.
D．Noise coming from jet planes or machines won’t do much harm to people.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Hacking our senses to boost learning power
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It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that smells and sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Indeed, some head teachers have recently taken to broadcasting noises and pumping smells into their schools to see whether it can boost grades. Is there anything in it? And if so, what are the implications for the way we work and study?
There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning. Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports fall behind in their exam results. Bridget Shield, a professor of acoustics (聲學) at London South Bank University, and Julie Dockrell, from the Institute of Education, have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises, such as traffic and sirens (汽笛), as well as noise generated by the children themselves. When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various learning tasks, they found a significant negative effect on exam scores. “Everything points to a bad impact of the noise on children’s performance, in numeracy, in literacy, and in spelling,” says Shield. The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs.
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Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can boost IQ in later tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it’s hard to say classical music boosts brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you’re hearing. “If you like the music or you like the sound — even listening to a Stephen King novel — then you do better. It doesn’t matter about the music,” he says.
So, it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive soundscapes could enhance the learning of their students, so long as they make careful choices. Yet this isn’t the only sense being used to affect learning. Special educational needs students at Sydenham high school in London are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells — grapefruit scents for maths, lavender for French and spearmint for history.
小題1:The four questions in the first paragraph are meant to ________.
A．create some sense of humour to please the readers
B．provide the most frequently asked questions in schools nowadays
C．hold the readers’ attention and arouse their curiosity to go on reading
D．declare the purpose of the article: to try to offer key to those questions
小題2:What does the conclusion of the studies of noise conducted by Bridget Shield and Julie Dockrell suggest?
A．Peaceful music plays an active role in students’ learning.
B．Not all noises have a negative impact on children’s performance.
C．We should create for school children a more peaceful environment.
D．Children with special needs might be exposed to some particular sounds.
小題3:Ravi Mehta’s experiment indicates that ________.
A．students’ creativity improves in a quiet environment
B．we may play some Mozart music while students are learning
C．a(chǎn) proper volume of background noises does improve creativity
D．noise of coffee-shop chatter is better than that of construction-site drilling
小題4:Towards the positive impact of appropriate background sound and smell on students’ learning and creativity, the author’s attitude is ________.
A．a(chǎn)mbiguousB．doubtfulC．negativeD．supportive
小題5:Which of the following is most likely to follow up the research findings?
A．Experts’ research into other senses that can improve students’ grades.
B．More successful examples of boosting learning power by using music.
C．Suggestions for pumping lots of pleasant smells into school campuses.
D．Debates on whether noises can really have positive effect on students’ performance.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Brother Michael and Chris were born in the early 1960s and grew up in a black neighborhood in Richmond, California. Both boys were       in the primary school and brought home mostly A’s on their report cards.
But in a black family with eight children, money was always      , so the two growing boys often went      . They turned to stealing. They stole cookies from the grocery store and bread from the      . They even stole money from their parents to feed.
At the end of his first year in high school, Chris received three A’s and       F’s on his report card --- the first time he had       anything in school. Because Kennedy High School only allowed three failures       four years, one more F and Chris would be kicked out of school. That’s when he made up his mind to      .
Chris made every effort to become       in school. After Chris graduated from college, he worked as a prosecutor(檢察官),       criminals, drug dealers, and gang members. Today Chris is famous as one of the       prosecutors in the trial of the century, the O.J. Simpson trial!
That decision to change took him in an entirely       direction from his brother Michael, who       changing his bad behavior. After high school, Michael continued his anti-social      ---fighting in the streets, taking       and stealing. At the age of 42, Michael Darden died from AIDS.
This story       us that what we become is determined by the       we make. We can choose to get       or we can choose to get worse. Chris changed. He changed from being a criminal to prosecuting criminals. His brother Michael, on the other hand, was changed. He was changed by       drugs…and finally, he was changed by a deadly disease. Chris made the right choices. He made the changes in his life that helped him       his great dreams.
小題1:
A．well- behavedB．well-dressedC．well-knownD．well- informed
小題2:
A．plentifulB．looseC．commonD．tight
小題3:
A．madB．wrongC．hungryD．bad
小題4:
A．chemist’sB．baker’s C．doctor’sD．barber’s
小題5:
A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five
小題6:
A．obtainedB．failed C．passedD．missed
小題7:
A．beyondB．byC．overD．a(chǎn)bove
小題8:
A．stealB．respondC．standD．change
小題9:
A．outstandingB．friendlyC．powerfulD．outgoing
小題10:
A．treatingB．savingC．questioningD．punishing
小題11:
A．leading B．workingC．a(chǎn)ctingD．performing
小題12:
A．similarB．differentC．newD．strange
小題13:
A．preferredB．resisted C．a(chǎn)dmittedD．a(chǎn)ppreciated
小題14:
A．habitsB．signsC．behaviors D．manners
小題15:
A．drugsB．a(chǎn)ctionsC．busesD．pills
小題16:
A．persuadesB．warnsC．convinces D．wishes
小題17:
A．choices B．friendsC．promisesD．efforts
小題18:
A．tallerB．cleanerC．happierD．better
小題19:
A．illegal B．usefulC．harmlessD．lawful
小題20:
A．destroyB．formC．a(chǎn)ccomplishD．a(chǎn)pproach

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