An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.

The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.

The implication (含義) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”

1.The underlined word “rating” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.

A. programB. regulation

C. correction D. classification

2.What’s the passage mainly about?

A. A new scientific experiment.

B. The Self-fulfilling Effect.

C. Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.

D. An improved teaching method.

3.The experiment was made in order to _________.

A. try out a new teaching method

B. pick out the most excellent pupils

C. learn if expectations affect performance

D. give each pupil a proper rating

4.What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?

A. Strict training from Higgins.

B. Her own strong will and hard work.

C. The proper way she was regarded

D. Warm encouragement from Pickering.

5.According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.

A. I’m sure you can make it

B. I will help you any time

C. It is as easy as pie

D. It doesn’t matter if you fail

 

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：本題介紹了心理學(xué)上的皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待對我們?nèi)松挠绊憽?/p>

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文

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