Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌）networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神經(jīng)元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

“We didn't take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly . “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them a chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

1.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection

C. Trees Are More Complex Than You Think

D. Trees Contribute To Our Society

2.In Simard's opinion, trees _______ .

A. depend on each other

B. protect their own wealth

C. compete for survival

D. provide support for dying trees

3.We can learn from the passage that

A. “mother trees” are usually of no use to other trees.

B. Charles Darwin had the same thought as Simard.

C. people know much about the complex “tree societies”.

D. if “mother trees” are cut down, the survival for the entire forest will be affected.

4.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .

A. how trees grow old

B. how “tree societies” work

C. how forestry industry develops

D. how young trees survive

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆遼寧瓦房店市高三上期中考試英語(yǔ)（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Generally speaking, government regulations normally ban anything from smoking in public places to parking in certain zones. But officials in the Brazilian town of Biritiba Mirim, 70km (45miles) east of Sao Paulo, have gone far beyond that. They plan to prohibit residents from dying early because the local cemetery(墓地) has reached full capacity.

There’s no more room to bury the dead, they can’t be cremated(火化) and laws forbid a new cemetery. So the mayor has proposed a strange solution: outlaw death. Mayor Roberto Pereira says the bill is meant as a protest against federal regulations that prohibit new or expanded cemeteries in preservation areas. “They have not taken local demands into consideration”, he claims.

A 2003 decree(法令) by Brazil’s National Environment Council forbids burial grounds in protected areas. Mr. Pereira wants to build a new cemetery, but the project has been stopped because 98% of Biritiba Mirim is considered as a preservation area.

Biritiba Mirim, a town of 28,000 inhabitants, not only wants to prohibit residents from passing away. The bill also calls on people to take care of their health in order to avoid death. “I haven’t got a job, nor am I healthy. And now they say I can’t die. That’s ridiculous,” Amarido do Prado, an unemployed resident said.

The city council is expected to vote on the regulation next week. “Of course the bill is laughable, illegal, and will never be approved,” said Gilson Soares de Campos, an assistant of the mayor. “But can you think of a better resolution to persuade the government to change the environmental decree that is prohibiting us from building a new cemetery?” The bill states that “offenders will be held responsible for their acts.” However, it does not say what the punishment will be.

1.What is the bill to be proposed by the officials in Biritiba Mirim?

A. Ban on building a new cemetery.

B. Ban on parking in certain zones.

C. Forbidding buried grounds in preservation.

D. Prohibiting residents from dying early.

2.What can we infer from the phrase “have gone far beyond that” in the first paragraph?

A. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have made these regulations.

B. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have been to many places around the world.

C. The bill to be proposed by officials in Biritiba Mirim is much too unexpected.

D. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have built too many cemeteries in their town.

3.What’s the attitude of the mayor of Biritiba Mirim towards the federal regulations?

A. He remains silent about them.

B. He gives strong backing to them.

C. He objects to them.

D. He asks the residents for advice on them.

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. The mayor of the town wants to build a new cemetery against federal regulation.

B. The residents of the town sing high praise for the bill.

C. No better resolution of the problems has been thought out.

D. The government is going to change the environmental decree.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年浙江杭州七校高二下期中考試英語(yǔ)（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

We are ________ by doctors to eat more natural food and take plenty of physical exercises.

A. suggested B. warned of

C. informed D. advised

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆山東濰坊市高三下期高考模擬訓(xùn)練（五）英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：七選五

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Instagram(抓拍神器)is a game．Getting likes and followers is no easy task．My sister routinely breaks 150 likes on Instagram，no sweat，because she just gets it．1. Here’s what to do and，more important，what not to do．

1． 2.

You can’t post photos optionally．Think of it like stealing grapes at the grocery store when a clerk isn’t watching．So when DO you actually post? Sunday evening is“prime time”for likes．because“everyone is bored and not doing homework．”I guess that applies to the real world too!

When not to post? Mornings! The likes are“strange and sporadic(零散的)．”

2．Also，don’t post too much．

I don’t care how much you’re feeling your look． 3. This isn’t a buffet：we want a very small piece of your life．Remember，“You can’t give the people too much or they will pass their eye over it quickly．”If you’re posting three to four times a week，others may“reevaluate your life”．I see no lies!!！

3．But if it is a big week in your life，feel free to post more than usual．

Of course，there’s always the exception to the rule． 4. The social media shouldn’t punish you for having a lot going on! Just remember to take it easy after．

4．5.

a．Be“natural and fun”．

b．Selfies are“not to be taken seriously”．

c．“Selfies should only be when you have a good one．”

A．Selfies have strict rules．

B．Wait a while before Selfies again．

C．Timing is everything．

D．No one needs to see eight pictures from your date night out．

E．After all，Instagram was meant to record important moments in your life．

F．Just make sure you post afterwards and let the people want more．

G．Thankfully she was able to take time out of her busy schedule and break down the science of Instagram for us“old”folk．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆寧夏銀川市高三4月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

From Monday to Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evenings and on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy 1. (they). Some watch TV 2. go to the cinema. Others take part in sports. There are many different ways 3. (spend) their spare time.

Almost everyone has some kind of hobbies. It may be anything from collecting stamps to 4. (make) model airplanes. Some hobbies are expensive, 5. others don’t cost anything at all. Some 6. (collect)

are worth a lot of money. Others are valuable only to the owners.

I know 7. man who has a coin collection worth $250. He was very happy about his purchase and 8. (think) the price was reasonable. On the other hand, my youngest brother collects matchboxes. He has almost 600 of them but I doubt if they are worth any money. However, to my brother they are 9. (extreme) valuable. Nothing makes him 10. (happy) than to find a new matchbox for his collection.

This is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for fun. The value in dollars is not important. We do it for the pleasure it gives.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆遼寧遼南協(xié)作體高三下期第二次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

完型填空,閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1-20各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Within minutes, that woman was at my door and a thousand thoughts crossed my mind before she rang the bell. I could pretend l wasn't home or tell her, "I'm sorry, you have the wrong ."

But it was too late; the bell rang and Molly was barking .I opened the door, myself to face my fear.

One look at Molly and the woman's face like a Christmas tree. "Here, Lucy," she called. "Come to Mamma, girl." Molly (Lucy) instantly obeyed, wagging her tail at the sound of the woman's voice. she belonged to the woman.

Tears were at the back of my eyelids and threatened to at any moment. I wanted to grab Molly and run. ，I smiled faintly and asked her to come in please.

The woman had already bent over and Molly up into her arms. She awkwardly opened her purse and stretched out, a twenty-dollar bill.

”For your ’she offered.

“Oh, I couldn't." I shook my head. "She's been such a joy to have ,I should be paying you." With that she laughed and hugged Molly tighter she were a lost child.

Molly licked her face wildly. I knew it was time for them to go home. Opening the door to let them out, I a little girl sitting in the front seat of the van. When the child saw the puppy, a smile as bright as a firecracker exploded her face.

My glance turned to a small fastened to the back of the van. The woman saw me look at the chair and offered a(n)_ without my asking. Molly(Lucy) was given to the child to emotional healing after a car accident had left her crippled for life.

She formed a special bond with the puppy and Lucy gave her a to live," her mother explained.

Suddenly I felt very and selfish. God has blessed me with so much, I thought. As they pulled out of the drive, the smile on my face was .I knew I had done the right thing – that puppy was exactly she belonged.

1.A.decision B. direction C. delivery D. address

2.A.excusing B. forcing C. admitting D. introducing

3.A.tumed up B. warmed up C. cheered up D.lit up

4.A.in delight B. in return C. in favor D. in confusion

5.A.Fortunately B. Normally C. Obviously D. Typically

6.A.come out B. pick out C. take out D. give out

7.A.Meanwhile B. Instead C. Similarly D. Besides

8.A.wandered B. lifted C. dragged D. struggled

9.A. trouble B. convenience C. benefit D. possession

10.A.around B. anywhere C. back D. alone

11.A.what if B. even if C. as if D. only if

12.A.mentioned B. sensed C. fancied D. noticed

13.A.against B. across C. beyond D. within

14.A.child B. puppy C. wheelchair D. woman

15.A.solution B. analysis C. explanation D. suggestion

16.A.protect B. confirm C. promote D. measure

17.A.means B. reason C. shelter D. standard

18.A.comfortable B. worthless C. stubborn D. guilty

19.A.meaningful B. sincere C. reliable D. simple

20.A.where B. which C. what D. How

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年河南許昌第一高中高一下第一次月考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：短文改錯(cuò)

短文改錯(cuò)

When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.

Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016年北京東城區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

The use of computers has made ______ possible for more people to work at home.

A．it B．that C．which D．what

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016屆北京市東城區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

________ the heavy rain, we didn’t go for picnic last weekend.

A. In search of B. Because of

C. Instead of D. Ever since

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案