Pessimistic，anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia (癡呆)，US researchers reported on Thursday.
A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on a standardized personality test had a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia 30 to 40 years later.
Those scoring very high on both anxiety and pessimism scales had a 40 percent higher risk，the study showed.
“There appears to be a dose­response pattern.That is，the higher the scores，the higher the risk of dementia，”Dr Yonas Geda，a neuropsychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester，Minnesota who led the study，said in a statement.
Geda and his colleagues looked at the medical records of 3,500 men and women who lived near the clinic between 1962 and 1965.
They all took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory，a standard personality and life experience test，Geda’s team told a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Miami.
In 2004，the team interviewed the participants or family members.
Those who scored higher for anxiety and pessimism on the test were more likely，as a group，to have developed dementia by 2004，including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular (血管的) dementia.
This did not mean a person who is pessimistic could assume he or she has a higher risk of developing dementia.
“One has to be cautious in interpreting a study like this，”Geda said.
“One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say，‘Well，I am a pessimist；thus，I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later，’because this may end up becoming a self­fulfilling prophecy (預言)．”
And there is NOT any specific way to prevent dementia，although many studies have shown that a healthy diet，exercise，keeping active in other ways，doing puzzles and other activities lower the risk.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．It is impossible for people to avoid dementia.
B．People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.
C．If we have a healthy diet，we would have no chance of getting dementia.
D．A person who is pessimistic has a higher risk of developing dementia.
小題2:According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
A．There are many ways to prevent dementia effectively.
B．A person who is pessimistic is sure to get dementia.
C．Those who lead a happy life will not get dementia when they are old.
D．Those who scored high for pessimism might have a higher risk of dementia.
小題3:Which of the following does NOT help reduce the risk of getting dementia according to the passage?
A．A healthy diet.B．Proper exercises.
C．Doing puzzles.D．Getting up early.
小題4:Which of the following words is not close to the meaning of the word “pessimistic”？
A．Cheerless.B．Optimistic.
C．Unhappy.D．Upset.

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:D
小題4:B

小題1:　B
解析　主旨大意題。文章第一段就點明了主題，整篇文章都圍繞悲觀、壓抑等情緒更容易使人患癡呆癥這一論斷展開。
小題2:　D
解析　細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段可知A項錯誤；悲觀者患癡呆癥的可能性會更大而不是一定會患癡呆癥，所以B項錯誤，D項正確；生活幸福的人也不一定就一定不會患癡呆癥。
小題3:　D
解析　細節(jié)理解題。最后一段提到健康飲食、常運動、猜字謎等有助于預防癡呆，而文中并沒有涉及到有關“早起床”的信息。
小題4:　B
解析　詞義猜測題。由文章知，pessimistic與anxious和depressed意義接近，而A、C、D三項與這兩個詞的意思也接近，只有optimistic意為“樂觀的”，與pessimistic意義相反。
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Yale University art professor Robert Farris Thompson says that the term “cool” goes back to 15th century West African philosophy(哲學).  “Cool” relates to ideas of grace(優(yōu)雅) under pressure.
“In Africa, ” he writes, “coolness is a positive quality which combines calmness, silence, and life.”
The modern idea of “cool” developed largely in the US in the period after World War II. “Post-war ‘cool’ was in part an expression of war-weariness (n. 厭戰(zhàn)情緒)
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But it was the American actor James Dean who became the symbol for “cool” in the hugely successful 1955 movie Rebel without a Cause.  Dean plays a tough guy who disobeys his parents and the authorities. He always gets the girl, smokes cigarettes, wears a leather jacket and beats up bullies(欺凌弱小者). In the movie, Dean showed what “cool” would mean to American young people for the next 60 years.
Today the focus of “cool” has changed to athletics (體育運動) stars. Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom. This can be seen quite clearly in movies like Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die.
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“Call it the Harry Potterization of America—a time when being smart is the new cool,” writes journalist Joe Sunnen.
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D．had all kinds of “bad” manners
小題3:The heroes in Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die are likely to be those who ________.
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B．a(chǎn)re very skilled at sports
C．a(chǎn)re good at chess and other thinking games.
D．have supernatural powers like Harry Potter
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
A．It is generally considered “cool” to be independent-minded and not to follow the crowd.
B．“Cool” was used as early as the 15th century.
C．Disobeying one’s parents and the authorities is considered “cool” among American young people nowadays.
D．Getting the first place in an exam can also be considered “cool”.
小題5:What does the article mainly talk about?
A．The origin of the word “cool”.
B．The kinds of people who are “cool”.
C．The changing meaning of the word “cool”.
D．How to be a “ cool” person.

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