Question

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children ____ criminal behavior before they were not sufficiently ____ for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents. All ____, however, are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. This results in dissatisfaction among youths and may in ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also experienced ____ these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other noticeable ____ of offensive acts include unfavorable experience or failure in school, the ____ availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the ____ of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.

1.A. refer to B. know about C. engage in D. learn of

2.A. punished B. forgiven C. forgotten D. excused

3.A. return B. contact C. reference D. response

4.A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. believing

5.A. values B. misbehaviors C. criminals D. theories

6.A. affect B. reduce C. prevent D. reflect

7.A. point B. lead C. come D. add

8.A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at last

9.A. case B. short C. turn D. essence

10.A. failure B. miseries C. development D. changes

11.A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. occasionally

12.A. education B. concept C. structure D. economy

13.A. suggestions B. causes C. ideas D. reports

14.A. increased B. restricted C. reasonable D. popular

15.A. knowledge B. aspect C. strength D. probability

 

Answer 1

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.D

6.A

7.B

8.A

9.C

10.D

11.B

12.C

13.B

14.A

15.D

【解析】

試題分析：文章大意：本文是一篇關(guān)于青少年犯罪方面的文章。這里文章作者主要敘述了青少年犯罪的起因。

1.短語(yǔ)辨析。A. refer to提及；B. know about了解；C. engage in參加；D. learn of聽(tīng)說(shuō)。句意：孩子從事犯罪行為是因?yàn)橐郧暗腻e(cuò)誤行為沒(méi)有得到足夠的懲罰。故選C。

2.考查短語(yǔ)be punished for受到懲罰。根據(jù)后句for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.可知以前的錯(cuò)誤行為沒(méi)有得到足夠的懲罰。故選A。

3.C根據(jù)hildren commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status… "孩子犯罪……想提高社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位卻遭受失敗……"。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，前后兩個(gè)部分之間是因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A. in return 作為回報(bào)，一般不與to 連用；B. in reply to 作為回復(fù)；C. in reference to 關(guān)于，參考；D. in response to 由于，作為回應(yīng),這里可以引申為"由于，出于"的意思，表達(dá)一種因果關(guān)系。故選D。

4.動(dòng)詞。A. considering 考慮到； B. ignoring 忽略；C. highlighting 強(qiáng)調(diào)，啟發(fā)；D. discarding 拋棄。大多數(shù)青少年犯罪的理論都將矛頭指向單親家庭的孩子身上，忽略了富裕家庭孩子也犯罪的事實(shí)。故選B

5.上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)文章第一句Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.可知答案。所有的理論都不確定或沒(méi)有。故選D。

6.A. affect 影響；B. reduce 減少；C. check 檢查；D. reflect 反映。社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變革可能會(huì)間接影響青少年犯罪率。故選A

7.動(dòng)詞。A. point to 指向；B. lead to 導(dǎo)致；C. come to 達(dá)到，蘇醒；D. amount to 合計(jì)，總計(jì)。經(jīng)濟(jì)的變革會(huì)使就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)少，失業(yè)率高，這是因果關(guān)系。只有l(wèi)ead to"導(dǎo)致"可以表示因果關(guān)系。故選B

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A. in general 一般來(lái)說(shuō)；B. on average 平均；C. by contrast 對(duì)比；D. at length 最終。句子中沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)，因此不涉及平均， on average 不符合句子含義；沒(méi)有參照對(duì)象，因此不涉及對(duì)比， by contrast 不符合句子含義；沒(méi)有時(shí)間期限，不涉及最終， at length不符合句子含義。in general "一般來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)變革使回報(bào)豐厚的工作更難找到"，符合句子含義。故答案選A

9.短語(yǔ)。A. in case 萬(wàn)一；B. in short 簡(jiǎn)言之；C. in turn 反過(guò)來(lái)；D. in essence 本質(zhì)上說(shuō)。前文介紹各種變化帶來(lái)的后果，空格處所在的句子"隨之產(chǎn)生的不滿……導(dǎo)致更多的年輕人走向犯罪"，這說(shuō)明變化和犯罪是相互作用的，故選擇in turn"反過(guò)來(lái)"。故選C。

10.名詞。A. failure失��；B. miseries苦難；C. development發(fā)展；D. changes變化。這些年來(lái)，家庭也經(jīng)歷了變化。故選D

11.A. contrarily 相反地；B. consequently 結(jié)果是；C. similarly 相似地；D. simultaneously 同時(shí)�？崭袂昂笳Z(yǔ)句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。更多的家庭只有父親或者母親在家，或者父母都在外工作。因此孩子在家里面可能很少有人監(jiān)督。故選B

12.名詞。第三段首句Changes in the social structure…指出社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化影響青少年犯罪。因此structure "結(jié)構(gòu)"為正確選項(xiàng)。system "系統(tǒng)"，concept "概念"，heritage "遺傳"都不合文義。故選C

13.名詞。A. suggestions建議；B. causes導(dǎo)致；C. ideas想法；D. reports報(bào)告。其他的能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)的導(dǎo)致犯罪行為的原因包括上學(xué)受挫和失敗。故選B

14.形容詞。A. increased增長(zhǎng)的；B. restricted限制的；C. reasonable合理的；D. popular受歡迎的。毒品和酒類產(chǎn)品的存在不斷地增加。故選A

15.名詞。A. knowledge知識(shí)；B. aspect方面；C. strength力氣；D. probability可能性。所有這一切都會(huì)增加兒童犯罪的可能性，雖然其中的直接因果關(guān)系還不確定。故選D。

考點(diǎn)：考查議論文