3.A study of more than five million books,both fiction and non-fiction,has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time.The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer,a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books,to search for more than 600particular words identified as representing anger,dislike,fear,joy,sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories (類別) showed a drop in these"mood words"over time.Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.
"It is a steady and continuous decrease,"said Dr Alberto Acerbi.He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature,in a crowded media landscape."One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media.Maybe these media-movies,radio,drama-had more emotional content than books."
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend,the research,published in the journal PLOS One,found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour:the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly,apparently mirroring historical events.
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash.But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War.Nevertheless,the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends.In the paper,they even argue that the reverse could be true.
"It has been suggested,for example,that it was the suppression (壓抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing‘filled with romance and sex'…perhaps,"they conclude,"songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body."
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
81.A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in"mood words"over time exceptin the category of fear.
82.According to Dr Alberto Acerbi,one reason for the drop of"mood words"in books may be thatthe literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape/other media-movies,radio,drama-
had more emotional content.
83.What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?During the roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.
84.While the researchers found some changes in the use of"mood words"in books,they were
not sure thattheir research result reflected wider social trends/songs and books reflected the real population.

分析 文章大意:本篇文章是一篇關(guān)于文學(xué)作品中詞匯用量研究的科普文.開篇首段即提出一個(gè)研究結(jié)論:在各種類型的書籍中,表達(dá)情感的詞匯用量在下降.第二段對(duì)上文進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,強(qiáng)調(diào)單單表達(dá)恐懼的詞匯用量呈上升趨勢(shì).緊接著第三段中給出了造成這種情緒詞匯下降的原因--新媒體(電影、廣播、戲。┑尼绕穑谒、五、六段進(jìn)一步探討了新話題:表示快樂的詞匯用量與表示悲傷的詞匯用量這兩者的比率,能間接反映出歷史事件和歷史趨勢(shì).

解答 81.in the category of fear.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段的Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage可知答案,意思是,只有害怕類別的詞匯在使用上有所增加,
82.the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape/other media-movies,radio,drama-had more emotional content. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段的He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature,in a crowded media landscape.可知答案.
83.During the roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由題干關(guān)鍵詞"joy-to-sadness ratio"定位至第五段首句,意為在"During the Roaring Twenties"比率達(dá)至頂峰,這種情形直到"before the recent financial crash"才又一次出現(xiàn).所以"reached a peak"前面的主語與"until"后的內(nèi)容即為所要求填寫的內(nèi)容,整合后答案是"During the Roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.".
84.their research result reflected wider social trends/songs and books reflected the real population. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends可知答案,其中reserved opinion指的是對(duì)…有保留意見

點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀理解題目的題型是客觀的,而閱讀表達(dá)的題型則是主觀的,這不僅需要考生將文章理解,還需要將自己對(duì)文章的理解通過自己的語言表達(dá)出來,而且要受到字?jǐn)?shù)的限制.這就是說閱讀理解只是要求學(xué)生將文章及題目中的信息理解了,就能作對(duì)題目,而閱讀表達(dá)不僅要求學(xué)生理解文章和題目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的語言表達(dá)出來,是一種信息的輸出.

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:選擇題

12.I'd rather read than watch TV.The programs seem ______ all the time.(  )
A.to get worseB.to be getting worse
C.getting worseD.to have got worse

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

4.December is thetwelfth(第十二) month of a year.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

1.A.a(chǎn)chieved B.a(chǎn)uthority C.a(chǎn)vailable D.code E.dominated
F.educational G.opinions H.matters I.related J.representativesK.symbolization

It is important that students'feelings,opinions and suggestions are listened to,taken into account,and that the right action is taken.There are a number of ways that this can be (41)A,i.e.school councils,year councils and peer mentoring.
School councils
Most schools have a school council which exists to let the teachers and head teacher know what students'(42)Gare on a range of school issues.The school council usually consists of two or three elected (43)Jfrom each year group.
A school council might meet once or twice a month to discuss issues such as the dress (44)D,the use of social areas,charity fundraising and bullying.
Year councils
Because school councils are sometimes(45)Eby older students,some schools have introduced year councils.The aim of a year council is to give students the opportunity to express opinions on (46)Hof importance to that particular year group.The following is an example of the rules relating to a school's council for year 8 (pupils aged 12-13).
The head of year will attend all council meetings as an observer and both they and the other year staff will be (47)Cas required to offer support and advice to council members and to assist in the settlement of arguments.
Peer mentoring
There are other ways in which students'voices can be heard.One of the most popular schemes involves peer mentoring.Those who express an interest receive training to become mentors (導(dǎo)師) so that they are better equipped to help others.This starts from primary school age,when the mentors may get involved in issues (48)Ito conflict resolution.At secondary school and at university,mentors are likely to deal with a larger variety of issues,such as (49)Fand health-related matters.
The belief in schemes like these is that being heard by your peers can be more effective and helpful as fellow students may have more time and understanding than teachers or others in (50)B.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

8.Thebeauty(美)of the lake attracts many visitors.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

8.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從下框的A-F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項(xiàng). 選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).
A.Adults keep pets with their children.
B.Pet-keeping has a very long history.
C.Pet-keeping may do harm to animals.
D.People keeps pets for their aesthetic need.
E.Caged pets become increasingly popular.
F.Pet-keeping is helpful for children's growth.
61.BPet-keeping is a time-honored tradition.One of the reasons for people to raise dogs or cows was usefulness.While people in the past hunted animals and kept them in their backyards,the civilsed man today is less cruel towards them and is less exploitative(利用的).
62.DWe keep animals as pets because they are attractive.We all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic(審美的)value,and this is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture.Keeping pets is one form of this urge.A Siamese cat in the house can be a decorative object.Pets are playful animals and they amuse us.A little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs.
63.FMany parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children.Having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility.Children get the opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creature's life.It will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal.There are psychological benefits for children.Pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely.Pets are excellent companions.Keeping pets means giving love and being loved.We find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return.We get pleasure from their appearance and their behavior.
64.EAs more people move into apartments,there are limitations on keeping of animals like dogs and monkeys.Therefore,caged animals have increased in popularity.Birds fall into this group.We keep them for their beautiful songs and feathers.Fish-keeping is a widespread hobby and the keeper can observe their behavior in the glass tank and study its entire life cycle.The cat is a fine house pet and it fits neatly into human habitation(居住地) without requiring its own cage.They are wonderful hunters,if there are rats around.
65.CPets satisfy man's desire to care for a bit of nature.The pet owner has the responsibility for supplying those needs that nature provides.Pets are amusing and entertaining,but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment.Are we not enslaving(奴役)them?

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

15.When my father was celebrating a milestone (里程碑) birthday,I pulled together a surprise gift that he would never forget.
    As he was approaching 60,1had a fim idea:What if I could get the memories people had of him,put each one into an envelope-60 in total-and have him open them,one by one,on his birthday?So I wrote an e-mail to family and friends,explaining my idea.
    I sent the e-mail and waited.And then the replies started coming in and I was very,very surprised.There were so many memories,and they were all so lovely.They came from the'50s,'60s,'70s,from every decade(十年) between now and the day my dad was bom.They came from my mother,my siblings,my grandma,my dad's friends from high school,his sister,my dad's first boss,a colleague at his first job,from people who hadn't seen my dad in 40 years,from people I myself hadn't even informed.They typed them and handwrote them.They mailed them and e-mailed them.
    The night before Dad's birthday,my sister and I stayed up late,putting everything together with some
    The next morning,after breakfast and presents and cake,we gave the pile of envelopes to him."Just one more thing for you,"we said.
    It took him a long time to open them and read.Each one was a brief ticket to another time,a leap (跳躍) backward over years and decades.There was a lot of laughter and a few tears,too.
    I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories.It gave me a different picture of my dad.

56.When did the author give her father a surprise gift?(no more than 4words)
57.Who sent the mails?(no more than 6words)
58.Why did the author and her sister stay up late the night before their father's birthday?(no more than 9words)
59.How did the author's father most probably feel when he read (he mails?(no more than 3words)
60.What was the surprise gift?(no more than 6words)

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:選擇題

12.______ early warnings from forecasters,residents were able to prepare and no deaths or serious injuries were reported.( 。
A.In spite ofB.Thanks toC.Regardless ofD.According to

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

13.雖然工作繁忙,每天我們都應(yīng)該勻出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間鍛煉身體,放松心情. (relax)Although we are busy (in) doing our work/with our work,we should set aside some time every day to do(physical) exercise and relax ourselves..

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案