13.Michael became interested in headphones (耳機(jī)) in his early teens.He walked the streets day after day with loud music playing directly into his ears.By his early 20s,Michael had lost much of his upper-level hearing.
The Children's Hearing Institute reports that hearing loss among children and young adults is rising in the United States,and that one-third of the damage is caused by noise.
Noise-caused hearing loss can come about in two ways:from a brief exposure (暴露) to a very loud noise or from long exposure to medium noise.Thus,there is much concern about the lasting effects of MP3players that are turned up loud enough to block out surrounding sound.An MP3player at maximum volume (音量) produces about 105decibels (分貝)-100times as intense (強(qiáng)烈的) as 85decibels,where hearing damage begins.(For every 10decibels,sound intensity increases ten times.)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health says 110decibels can produce hearing damage after just 1minute and 29seconds of exposure.Noise levels above 85decibels will harm hearing over time.
Special kinds of headphones may not solve the problem.Users may turn up the volume to overcome surrounding noises,damaging the tiny hair cells in the inner ear that send sound energy to the brain.
Once damaged,hair cells can neither be repaired nor replaced.The damage makes it difficult to hear high-pitched (聲調(diào)高的) sounds,including certain speech sounds and the voices of women and children.Tinnitus (耳鳴),that is,ringing in the ear,can also result.
The League for the Hard of Hearing advises children to take part in more quiet activities,like watching family-centered films,playing educational computer games,drawing and painting,and visiting libraries and museums.
41.The function of the first paragraph is toC.
A.introduce the character of the passage
B.tell the purpose for writing the article
C.introduce the topic of the article
D.tell the main idea of the passage
42.We can learn from Paragraphs3-4thatA.
A.sound intensity will increase 1,000times if decibels increase from 85to 115
B.noise levels lower than 105decibels won't harm your hearing
C.MP3players that produce 90decibels may do no harm to one's hearing
D.110decibels will produce hearing damage in 1minute
43.Which of the following statements about"hair cells"is TRUE?B
A.They can be fixed if they are damaged.
B.Damage to them may lead to ringing in the ear.
C.They can be replaced with advanced equipment if destroyed.
D.One can't hear any sound if they are damaged.
44.We can learn from the passage thatD.
A.most children's hearing damage in USA is caused by noise
B.hearing loss can happen with brief exposure to medium noise
C.turning up MP3players prevents ears from being damaged by noise
D.it is better to visit a library than to go to a pop concert
45.The passage mainly tells usB.
A.how the hair cells are damaged
B.noises have a bad effect on children's hearing
C.what to do to protect children's hearing
D.the importance of hair cells to one's hearing.
分析 本文是科教類說明文.通過介紹Michael十幾歲對耳機(jī)感興趣,到二十幾歲導(dǎo)致聽力受損而引出"聽力受損"這個(gè)話題.然后介紹了產(chǎn)生聽力受損的兩個(gè)方面,聽力受損的后果及如何避免聽力受損的一些建議.
解答 CABDB
41.答案:C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題. 通過介紹Michael十幾歲對耳機(jī)感興趣,經(jīng)常大音量戴著耳機(jī),到二十幾歲是便喪失了大部分聽力這個(gè)例子來引出"聽力受損"這個(gè)話題.故選C.
42.答案:A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.從第三段An MP3player at maximum volume produces about 105decibels-100times as intense as 85decibels,where hearing damage begins.(For every 10decibels,sound intensity increases ten times.)可知,音量達(dá)到85分貝時(shí),聽力受損開始,105分貝時(shí)的強(qiáng)度是85分貝強(qiáng)度的100倍,在105分貝基礎(chǔ)上每增加10分貝,強(qiáng)度增加10倍,而115分貝時(shí),即是100的10倍,便是1000倍.故選A.
43.答案:B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.從Once damaged,hair cells can neither be repaired nor replaced可知,排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng);從The damage makes it difficult to hear high-pitched sounds,including certain speech sounds and the voices of women and children可知,排除D項(xiàng);從Tinnitus,that is,ringing in the ear,can also result.可知,B項(xiàng)正確.故選B.
44.答案:D 推理判斷題.孩子過多地暴露于噪音高的場所會導(dǎo)致加力受損,最后一段The League for the Hard of Hearing advises children to take part in more quiet activities,like watching family-centered films,playing educational computer games,drawing and painting,and visiting libraries and museums可知,圖書館是安靜的場所,而流行音樂會則是噪音大的場所.故選D.
45.答案:B 主旨大意題.本文主要介紹孩子聽力受損是由過多地暴露于噪音環(huán)境造成的.故選B.
點(diǎn)評 高考中選用的科技文往往反映的是當(dāng)今人類最先進(jìn)的科技水平和最新的科研成果.我們閱讀它的過程其實(shí)就是學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識,掌握科技信息的過程.然后,理解文章,分析文章,以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事實(shí)為依據(jù),同時(shí)得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識,選擇最合適的答案.