1.We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively.We achieve it actively by direct experience,by testing and proving an idea,or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning,it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately,passive learning has a serious problem.It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay(傳聞) and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor?It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it,word for word,to another person.That person,in turn,whispers it to still another,and so on,through all the people playing the game.The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compared.Typically,the original message has changed.
That's what happens in daily life.The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story.Then,too,most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story,trying to improve on it,stamping it with their own personal style.Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors:A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another,who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue,unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
5.According to the passage,active learning may occur inC.
A.reading scientific journals
B.listening to the teacher in class
C.doing a chemical experiment
D.watching news programmes on TV
6.What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 2 refer to?D
A.Classroom.B.Newspapers.C.Active learning.D.Passive learning.
7.The game Rumor is mentioned in Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers thatC.
A.playing games can make people more active
B.people tend to like telling lies when playing games
C.a(chǎn) message may be changed when being passed on
D.people may have problems with their sense of hearing
8.What can be inferred from the text?B
A.Scholars and authors can't be trusted.
B.Passive learning may not be reliable.
C.People like spreading rumors in daily life.
D.Active learning is more Important than passive learning.
分析 我們可以主動或被動地獲得知識,我們可以通過直接經(jīng)驗,通過測試和證明一個想法,或通過推理來積極地獲得.本文主要介紹了被動獲得知識所存在的一個嚴(yán)重的問題--被告知的可能是謠言.并用現(xiàn)實生活中簡單的事例加以說明.
解答 5.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段的we achieve knowledge passively by being told by someelse,…in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of readnewspaper or magazines is passive可知,通過別人告訴我們知識,以及在課堂上或看電視和讀報紙或雜志都是被動地獲取知識,屬于被動學(xué)習(xí).所以做化學(xué)實驗屬于主動學(xué)習(xí),故選C.
6.D 詞義猜測題.根據(jù)it 所在句可知,這個代詞指代的是前句所提的被動學(xué)習(xí),句意:在日常生活中依靠被動學(xué)習(xí)并不奇怪.故選D.
7.C 寫作意圖題.通過第四段最后一句可知,原始的含義改變了,例證了第三段提出的論點"被動學(xué)習(xí)使我們接受被告知的事物,甚至有時是謠言."故選C.
8.B 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,不幸的是,被動學(xué)習(xí)有一個嚴(yán)重的問題.它使我們傾向于接受我們被告知的內(nèi)容,即使是道聽途說和謠言.可推知被動學(xué)習(xí)可能不可靠,故選B.
點評 本文是科教類閱讀,主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題.在做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時,首先根據(jù)題目要求迅速在文章里找出相應(yīng)的段落、句子或短語.認(rèn)真比較選項和文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別,在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.