Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found.
Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.
“We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia. They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.
“No matter how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement.
Dunn’s team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000. “Employees who devoted more of their bonus to prosocial spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.
They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.
“These findings suggest that very minor changes in spending allocations-as little as $5 may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said.
小題1:What is the general idea of the passage?
A．The more you earn, the greater happiness you will get.
B．Spending more money on yourself will make you happier.
C．Money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else.
D．You can spend only $5 a day on someone else to get happiness.
小題2:The underlined work “boost” in the first paragraph probably means      .
A．help to findB．help to increaseC．help to bringD．help to get
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Those who spend more money on others can get much more bonus.
B．People usually think spending money on themselves will make them happier.
C．Very small changes in spending your money may be enough to gain happiness.
D．Researchers think that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn.
小題4:Dunn is       .
A．a(chǎn) reporter in a journalB．a(chǎn) volunteer in the experiment
C．a(chǎn)n employee in a companyD．a(chǎn) psychologist at a university
小題5:It can be inferred from the 6th paragraph that      .
A．the volunteers not given $5 or $20 spent their own money on themselves
B．those who spent the money on someone or something else felt happier about it
C．the volunteers were given $5 or $20 as a reward for the experiment
D．half of the volunteers could spend the money as they liked

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:D
小題5:D

試題分析：本文講述了在別人身上花錢要比花錢在自己身上更讓人感覺到幸福。并且用多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這個(gè)理論。
小題1:C 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主題段第一段Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found.說明在別人身上花錢會讓我們感覺更幸福，故C項(xiàng)正確。
小題2:B 根據(jù)文章第一段Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness和第二段Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier. 都說明在別人身上花錢會讓我們更快樂，那么這個(gè)詞就應(yīng)該是指增加的意思。故B正確。
小題3:A 推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段Employees who devoted more of their bonus to prosocial spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself說明把花分紅的不同方式也決定了我們快樂與否。但是文章并沒有在別人身上都花錢的人就能得到分紅。故A項(xiàng)說法是錯(cuò)誤的。
小題4:D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段2,3行said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.說明Dunn是一個(gè)心理學(xué)家，故D項(xiàng)正確。
小題5:D 推斷題。根據(jù)本段1,2行They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it.說明有一半的人如何花錢是有明確的要求的，剩下的另外一半人怎么花錢是沒有要求的，可以隨便花。故D項(xiàng)說法正確。
點(diǎn)評：本文講述了在別人身上花錢要比花錢在自己身上更讓人感覺到幸福。并且用多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這個(gè)理論。以推理題和細(xì)節(jié)題的考查為主，要求考生能夠緊密連接上下文，根據(jù)題目的要求，仔細(xì)閱讀選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛�，做出�?zhǔn)確的判斷。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

BEIJING—Eating at a Beijing restaurant is usually an adventure for foreigners, and particularly when they get the chance to order “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head”.
Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes. And their complaints are often valid(有效), but such an experience at Beijing’s restaurants will apparently soon be history.
Foreign visitors will no longer, hopefully, be confused by oddly worded restaurant menus in the capital if the government’s plan to correctly translate 3,000 Chinese dishes is a success and the translations are generally adopted.
The municipal(市政) office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations. “It provides the names of main dishes of famous Chinese cuisines in plain English,” an official with the city’s Foreign Affairs office said. “Restaurants are encouraged to use the proposed translations, but it will not be compulsory.” It’s the city’s latest effort to bridge the culture gap for foreign travelers in China.
Coming up with precise translations is a daunting task, as some Chinese culinary(烹飪) techniques are untranslatable and many Chinese dishes have no English-language equivalent. The translators, after conducting a study of Chinese restaurants in English-speaking countries, divided the dish names into four categories: ingredients, cooking method, taste and name of a person or a place. For some traditional dishes, pinyin, the Chinese phonetic system, is used, such as mapo tofu(previously often literally translated as “beancurd made by woman with freckles”), baozi(steamed stuffed bun) and jiaozi(dumplings) to “reflect the Chinese cuisine culture,” according to the book.
“The book is a blessing to tourist guides like me. Having it, I don’t have to rack my brains trying to explain Chinese dishes to foreign travellers,” said Zheng Xiaodong, a 31-year-old employee with a Beijing-based travel agency.
“I will buy the book as I major in English literature and I’d like to introduce Chinese cuisine culture to more foreign friends,” said Han Yang, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics.
It is not clear if the book will be introduced to other parts of China. But on Tuesday, this was the most discussed topic on weibo.com, China’s most popular microblogging site.
小題1:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．An adventure for foreigners who eat in Beijing.
B．Confusing mistranslations of Chinese dishes.
C．Chinese dishes to have “official” English names.
D．The effort to bridge the culture gap.
小題2: “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head” are mentioned in the beginning of the passage to show              .
A．some Chinese dishes are not well received
B．some Chinese dishes are hard to translate
C．some Chinese dishes are mistranslated
D．some Chinese dishes are not acceptable
小題3:What measure has the municipal office taken?
A．Recommending a book on Chinese dishes.
B．Advocating(提倡) using precise translation for Chinese dishes.
C．Publishing a book on China’s dietary habits.
D．Providing the names of main Chinese dishes.
小題4:What’s the meaning of daunting in paragraph 5?
A．confusingB．disappointingC．discouragingD．Worthwhile

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

At least 10 million hectares of cultivated（耕作）land in China are polluted, which makes a grave threat to the country’s food safety, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.
The polluted land，which is mostly in economically developed areas，accounts for one-tenth of the country’s total arable（可耕種的）land，according to an incomplete survey by the State Environmental Protection Administration，China’s top environment watchdog.
Pollution on cultivated land threatens the environment，food safety and the sustainable development of agriculture，the administration said.
Because of continual，too much use of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and agricultural plastic sheeting, as well as irrigation using polluted water, a large amount of contaminants（污染物）remain in the cultivated land.
The contaminants affect the soil’s ecological structure and function，leading to decreased soil productivity, lower crop yield（產(chǎn)量），and lower quality of agricultural products-
It also leads to worse water quality in rural areas.
Less than 9 per cent of drinkable water passed checks for bacteria in243 rural water supply stations across the county.
Another survey, which took samples of drinking water and groundwater an 69 small towns。 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province of North，China, showed that more than half of the water contains too much nitrate（硝酸鹽），which may cause diabetes（糖尿病）and damage the kidney.
The administration estimated at least 1 90 million farmers are drinking water that contains harmful substances.
Many villagers drink unfiltered water taken from shallow water wells or water cellars， which are reported to have poor sanitary conditions·
小題1:The author writes the passage to            .
A．1et the readers examine their mistakes
B．present the readers a new idea
C．come up with a solution to ending farmland pollution
D．inform the readers of the importance of fighting farmland pollution
小題2:The underlined word “grave” in Paragraph 1 probably means
A．seriousB．certainC．bigD．terrible
小題3:Pollution on cultivated land leads to the following outcomes EXCEPT       .
A．a(chǎn) threat to China’s food safety
B．worse water quality in rural areas
C．a(chǎn) variety of diseases
D．the sustainable development of agriculture

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Forest guards in western India are using cell phones with ringtones（手機(jī)鈴聲）of cows mooing, goats bleating and roosters crowing to attract leopards （豹）that have wandered into human settlements, officials said on Monday.
The wild cats in the state of Gujarat often get into villages near forests in search of food, say officials, adding that this results in attacks on people. But rather than use methods such as live bait（活誘餌）like goats tied to trees to lure (引誘) the leopards, which then fall into large pits dug by guards, officials say they have found a safer method to trap the cats.
“The moos of a cow, and bleating of a goat from the phone have proved effective to trap leopards,” said D. Vasani, a senior forest official in Gujarat. “This trick works.” Vasani said forest guards have downloaded the sounds of over a dozen animals as ringtones on their mobiles which they attach to speakers and fix behind a cage. They then play the ringtone continuously for up to two hours until the curious leopard appears and moves into the cage looking for its easy meal.
At least five leopards have so far been lured from villages since the new ringtone method was introduced three months ago. The cats have all been released （釋放）back into forest areas.
Wildlife activists welcomed the new initiative (新方案) saying that previous methods of trapping the cats using pits often resulted in the animals getting injured.
小題1:What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Cell Phones to Hunt AnimalsB．Practical Uses of Cell Phones
C．Wildlife And New TechnologyD．Phone Ringtones to Catch Leopards
小題2:Forest guards in India try to catch leopards mainly because _______.
A．leopards attack villagersB．they want leopard fur
C．leopards attack animalsD．they have new ringtones
小題3:According to the wildlife activists, the new method is _______.
A．a(chǎn)ppreciated because it benefits leopardsB．not good because it may injure animals
C．effective because ringtones workD．not safer than the former one
小題4:We can learn from the passage except that _______.
A．forest guards don’t mean to hurt the leopards
B．forest guards no longer use pits to trap leopards
C．forest guards used goats to attract leopards
D．recorded animal sound are used to lure leopards
小題5:What will be needed to trap the leopards using the new method?
a. cell phones  b. animals  c. sounds of animals  d. cages  e. large pits
A．a(chǎn)bcdB．bceC．a(chǎn)deD．a(chǎn)cd

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient writings and evidence found in tombs indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets in China, Arabia, Egypt, and India. However, this isn’t very long compared to dogs, which have been domesticated for 50,000 years. Still, while the period in which cats have been domesticated may be quite short, it has definitely had its high and low points.
Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs than in any other place in the world since that time. This high number of cats was probably due to the laws protecting them. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, Bast, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. Families in Egypt also mourned the death of a cat and had the body of the dead cat wrapped in cloth before it was finally laid to rest. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the Empire, Christians began to associate cats with pegan (異教徒) beliefs. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured（拷打） to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time.
The days of hunting witches have ended, but other myths about cats still hold out. For a while, people in some places used to bury live cats under new buildings for good luck. As well, many people today continue to believe that black cats bring bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless of superstition(迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some cat experts believe that a cat never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not put people off keeping cats in their homes. A third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in small apartments have found that cats make much better pets than dogs.
Cats may not be worshiped as gods any more, but there are people who seem to think of their cat as their children. These cat owners will do almost anything to keep their pets healthy and happy. For those cat owners who have always wondered what their pets are trying to tell them, a Japanese company may have come up with the perfect invention. In 2003, the Takara Company announced the Meowlingual, a cat translation device. The Meowlingual uses a microphone, display, and cat voice analyzer to analyze a cat’s meows to determine which of 200 phrases a cat is trying to say.
According to a company spokesperson, “… cat owners all over the world have been telling Takara, ‘ We want a cat translator!’” Now, the company “is making their dream come true by bringing in a new era of communication between cat lovers and their pets.”
小題1:Which of these is NOT discussed in the passage?
A．the status of cats throughout history
B．the evolution of different species of cats
C．the popularity of the cats today
D．communication between cats and their owners
小題2:The second paragraph mainly describes_______.
A．how Bast became a goddess.
B．the low point in the history of cats
C．the high point in the history of cats
D．the reason why cats are such good hunters
小題3:How were cats treated in Europe during the Dark Ages?
A．a(chǎn)s farm animalsB．a(chǎn)s foodC．a(chǎn)s magical creaturesD．a(chǎn)s honored guests
小題4:According to the passage, what percentage of people in the United States keep both a cat and a dog?
A．a(chǎn)bout 10 percentB．nearly 25 percentC．a(chǎn)bout 33 percentD．close to 50 percent

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The World Trade Organization (WTO) founded on January 1, 1994, aims to encourage international trade to flow as freely as possible, making sure that trade agreements are respected and that any disputes (爭端) can be settled.
In the five years since its founding, the WTO has become well-known as one of the world’s most powerful economic organizations, taking its place alongside the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
The system of global rules for international trade, however, dates back half a century to 1948 when the General Agreement on Tariffs (關(guān)稅) and Trade (GATT) was formed after World War II.
As time went by it became clear that the GATT had two major drawbacks—the limited areas of trade it covered, and the lack of an effective system to settle disputes.
After seven years of trade talks ending in 1994. the so-called Uruguay Round finally gave birth to the WTO, complete with an effective system to settle disputes and new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property (知識產(chǎn)權(quán)).
Even after seven years of talks and 22500 pages of agreements there were still problems, especially the difficult-to-deal-with areas of agriculture and services.
The WTO. with its head office in Geneva, has 135 members with 30 more waiting to join.
小題1:Compared with the GATT, the WTO _____.
A．can do better to settle disputes in more areas of international trade
B．got its members to sign the agreements more easily
C．has got too many areas of international trade to deal with to work effectively
D．didn’t pay enough attention to services and intellectual property
小題2:In the new century the WTO will _____.
A．take the place of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund
B．have new rules covering trade in services and intellectual property
C．make complete new rules in every area of international trade
D．have more members and do much more to settle more problems
小題3:The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means _____.
A．weak pointsB．changesC．strong pointsD．improvements
小題4:The best title for the passage is _____.
A．WTO—Another Name for GATT
B．WTO—an International Service Organization
C．WTO—One of the World’s Strongest Economic Organizations
D．WTO—the World’s Most Powerful Economic Organization

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Group buying is one of the fastest growing trends in South Africa today. Industry leaders are confident the growth potential remains strong since group buying is location-specific. Start-up costs are low and profit room remains high, so many sites continue to receive invested money despite widespread criticism and Facebook’s decision to phase out of deal business due to privacy concerns.
In the early stages of all industries, some companied fail because they cannot compete with stronger companies in difficult economic conditions. To deal with difficult conditions, an alarming number of businesses are developing group buying websites in places like China and India, so the increase of group buying in South Africa is nothing more than a natural progression into the international mainstream.
The group buying concept is fairly new and consumers have accepted this concept because they can now make full use of the rich information available on the Internet. Group buying is convenient and easy so it works. Anyone can view a site, join a mailing list, subscribe to RSS or print out a coupon(優(yōu)惠券). The current group buying structure offered by the industry leaders works although there are still challenges to overcome.
Perhaps, the future of group buying is tied to the joining together of social media and mobile devices. Mobile devices are with us wherever we go and almost everyone is using some type of social media site like Facebook or Twitter to stay informed. Using GPS and social media technology to provide real time location-specific promotions would be beneficial to every consumer looking for the best deals in town.
Pause for a moment and think about it! What is better than signing on to your phone while having fun in town and you receive a real time information that your favorite shop across the street is offering a killer dial?
The future of the group buying in South Africa is bright and we can expect to see more advanced approaches to this concept in the future. In addition to the technological advances consumers will see the range of promotions expand to include new products and services.
小題1:What does the underlined phrase “phase out of” mean in the passage?
A．Gradually stopB．Gradually increaseC．Begin to developD．Continue to enlarge
小題2:The author sets China and India as examples to show that      .
A．China and India are powerful countries
B．China and India are in difficult economic conditions
C．group buying is successful worldwide
D．group buying is an international trend
小題3: Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．People have accepted group buying because it’s a new concept
B．Social media and mobile devices have been joined
C．GPS and social media technology will be helpful in group buying
D．Shops usually offer a killer deal when their customers are having fun
小題4:The author’s attitude towards the future of group buying is     .
A．pessimisticB．optimisticC．objectiveD．subjective
小題5:What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．The history of group buying
B．Group buying in South Africa
C．The feature of group buying
D．The group buying concept

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

YUZHOU, HENAN –An accident in a central China coal mine killed 21 miners Saturday and left another 16 trapped underground , the government said.
The death toll rose to 26 Sunday morning as rescuers were battling to reach the 11 miners who were still trapped underground, rescue headquarters said.
Rescuers were battling to reach the 11 miners still trapped underground, but chances for them to survive were very slim, said Du Bo, deputy chief of the rescue headquarters.
"Based upon past experience, the remaining 11 miners could be buried in coal dust, so the survival chances are frail," Du said.
More than 2,500 tons of coal dust smothered(厚厚的覆蓋) the pit after the gas leak（漏出）, which hampered（阻礙） the rescue, said Du.
The gas outburst happened at 6:03 a.m. Saturday when 276 miners were working underground in the mine in Yuzhou City. A total of 239 workers escaped but 21 were found dead and 16 trapped.
An initial（最初的） investigation showed that 173,500 cubic meters of gas leaked out in the accident. Liu Wenbin, a deputy chief engineer of the company that owns the mine, was in the pit（礦井） when the accident happened. He organized the escape.
"At around 6 a.m., I felt there was something wrong with the airflow in the shaft, and one of the team captains told me he also felt it and had already reported the problem," said Liu
The mine is owned by Pingyu Coal & Electric Co. Ltd., a company jointly established by four investors, including Zhong Ping Energy Chemical Group and China Power Investment Corp.
小題1:What could be the best title for this passage?                    
A．Death Toll Rises in an Accident in China
B．A Coal Mine Accident in Central China
C．An Accident in Central China
D．Coal Mine Accidents in China
小題2:What does the underlined part mean in the second paragraph?           
A．payment required for the use of rescuing persons
B．the number of people killed in a particular accident
C．the percentage of the dead persons in an accident
D．a(chǎn) number of people killed in an accident
小題3:From this passage we know that ____.                        
A．Of the 276 miners in the mine only 21 were dead until the next morning
B．The miners trapped underground would be saved without difficulty
C．16 miners trapped underground were still found alive waiting for the rescue
D．Until the next morning another 5 miners were found dead in this accident
小題4:According to the writer, which of the following is not true?      
A．The mine was owned by more than one company
B．There was at least one more similar accident happening in Central China before
C．Before the accident happened there was no sign of something wrong
D．When the accident happened one of the mine owners was in the pit

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