Question

4．Dolphins have been declared the world's second most intelligent creatures after humans，with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as"non-human persons"．
Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees．These have been backed up by anatomical （解剖學(xué)） research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence．Recently，a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins，especially species such as the bottlenose，whose brains weigh about 5lb，could even be brighter than chimps，which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children．The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities，a strong sense of self and can think about the future．
It has also become clear that dolphins are"culture"animals，meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another．In one study，Diana Reiss，professor of psychology at Hunter College，City University of New York，showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies，an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes．In another，she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language．
Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems，while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions．In one recent case，a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium （海豚宮） in Australia．After she was released，scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphins who had learnt it from the former captive （被俘的）．Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins．
Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales，whose brains are the largest on the planet．Human brains，by contrast，range from 21lb-4lb．When it comes to intelligence，however，brain size is less important than its size relative to the body．
oz：an ounce in weight （1oz=28g）
lb：a pound in weight （1lb=454g=16oz）

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words．）
78．The which in the 2nd paragraph refers tochimps．
79．What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are"culture"animalsInspecting various parts of their bodies and learning an elementary symbol-based language．
Inspecting their bodies and learning a symbol-based language．？
80．The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins havecomplex social structures and a high level of emotions．．
81．What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraphThe brain size relative to the body．？

Answer 1

分析 本文主要介紹了海豚的生活習(xí)性以及學(xué)習(xí)語言、彼此間相互學(xué)習(xí)等基本能力的介紹，包括大腦在其發(fā)育過程中的重要作用等．

解答 78．chimps  
在這句話中which引導(dǎo)了一個定語從句，關(guān)系詞which代替先行詞chimps，所以它指的是chimps．
79．Inspecting various parts of their bodies and learning an elementary symbol-based language．
Inspecting their bodies and learning a symbol-based language．
根據(jù)第三段中的"In one study，Diana Reiss，professor of psychology at Hunter College，City University of New York，showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies"以及"In another，she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language．"可知，Diana Reiss教授在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)海豚可以在鏡子中認出自己，并利用鏡子來檢查自己的身體部位，而且海豚還有學(xué)習(xí)以符號為基礎(chǔ)的語言的能力．
80．complex social structures and a high level of emotions．
根據(jù)第四段中的"Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems，while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions．"可知，野生海豚擁有復(fù)雜的社會體系和高水平的情緒，而下文所舉的"tail-walk"傳播的例子正說明了這一點．
81．The brain size relative to the body．
根據(jù)最后一段中的"When it comes to intelligence，however，brain size is less important than its size relative to the body．"可知，大腦與身體的比例是決定智力的重要因素．

點評 本文是科普知識類的閱讀表達，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)短文后的題目，在文中找到相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，并用簡潔、準(zhǔn)確的句子，將理解的內(nèi)容，書面表達出來．做題時，注意表達的內(nèi)容不要超出規(guī)定的字數(shù)．