精英家教網 > 高中英語 > 題目詳情
Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.
Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.
“Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive (入侵的) species,” Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report.
The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.
“The remaining populations become surrounded in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding (近親交配) problems ... and at the end these species may disappear,” he added.
Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.
The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of native species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.
Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.
The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to dealing with climate change such as mangroves(紅樹林), inland waters, forests, savannahs(非洲大草原) and grasslands.
The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was limited.
The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.
It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.
小題1:What does the author tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．The theme of global climate negotiations in Durban.
B．The subject of research done by Eduardo Rojas.
C．Causes of damage done to ecosystems.
D．Harmful effects of damage done to ecosystems.
小題2:Why are animals living in mountains, islands and coastal areas most affected?
A．They are frequently attacked by invasive species and infectious diseases.
B．They have difficulty finding enough food for survival.
C．They can hardly find mates to produce their young.
D．They have little chance of moving to other places.
小題3:To avoid extinction of some animal species, the UNFAO suggested all the following ways EXCEPT ______.
A．restoring damaged ecosystems
B．limiting world population growth
C．creating movement channels for animals
D．urging governments and local communities to take action
小題4:What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．increase or further improve something.
B．Make full use of something.
C．Make something become less serious.
D．Move from one place to another.
小題5:What would serve as the best title for the passage?
A．Animals at risk due to climate change.
B．Global warming and its consequences.
C．Climate change and ecotourism.
D．Solutions to animal distinction.

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:C
小題5:A

試題分析：本文主要講述的是全球氣候的變化對野生動物的影響，文章中舉了很多具體的例子來進行詳細地說明。也提出了該如何來解決這些問題的具體的建議。
小題1:C 段落大意題。根據(jù)本段2,3，4行how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.可知本段是講述的是導致生態(tài)破壞的具體的原因。故C項正確。
小題2:D 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.可知在mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas，動物遷徙的機會很少，故D正確。
小題3:B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后3段The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was limited.和The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.以及 It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.說明ACD三段都是文章中提及的方法和途徑，只有B項文章沒有涉及。
小題4:C 推理題。根據(jù)It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.可知這個組織敦促當?shù)貒野l(fā)展一些計劃來減少氣候變化對野生動物的影響。故該詞是指C項內容。
小題5:A 主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是全球氣候的變化對野生動物的影響，文章中舉了很多具體的例子來進行詳細地說明。也提出了該如何來解決這些問題的具體的建議。故A正確。
點評：本文主要講述的是全球氣候的變化對野生動物的影響，文章中舉了很多具體的例子來進行詳細地說明。也提出了該如何來解決這些問題的具體的建議。要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上，把握文章的真正內涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎;要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從非凡到一般，通過分析、綜合、判定等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就是論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (學會) of each new skill -- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality（準時）for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency（前后一致） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (說教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
小題1:Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills, _________________.
A．should be avoided
B．is universal among parents
C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D．will make the child lose interest in learning new things
小題2:In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents _________________.
A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B．should expect a lot of the children
C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible
小題3:The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.
A．parents should be strict with their children
B．parental controls reflect only the values of the community
C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone
D．it’s parents’ and society’s duty to control the children
小題4:The word“precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.
A．opinion B．punishmentC．behaviorD．instruction
小題5:In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.
A．follow the rules themselves
B．be aware of the huge difference between adults and children
C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D．always ensure the security of their children

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

B
What happens inside the skull of a soccer player when repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (腦震蕩) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外傷的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小題1:The passage is most probably a ________.
A．news report B．research report
C．story for soccer players D．text for doctors
小題2: In which way can researchers find the structural changes in the brain?
A．Computerized test B．Questionnaire
C．Scanning D．M.R.I. technique
小題3: From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have ________.
A．significant effect on brain B．little effect on one’s brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injury D．one’s memory improved
小題4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?
A．Playing soccer frequently B．Tests of their memory
C．White matter loss D．Information processing
小題5:The underlined word “fumbling” is closest in meaning to ________?
A．remembering B．misunderstandingC．recalling D．missing

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s a sure sign that summer is over and winter is on the way — leaves that were once deep green turn red, yellow and bright orange. It happens every autumn. But did you ever wonder why?
The leaves start changing color when the nights start getting longer and the temperature starts getting cooler. Some scientists think that as the number of daylight hours shrinks, the leaves stop making chlorophyll which makes plants green. The reason is that the process of making chlorophyll requires sunlight. But according to horticulture (園藝) educator Susan Rose from Colorado State University, it turns out leaves don’t really change color at all. “The fall colors are actually there all along,” she said. “But they are covered by the green chlorophyll. As the chlorophyll stops being produced, the other colors can shine through.”
The kind of color that the leaves are going to change to is determined by the plant’s genetic (基因的) background. In some places, the leaves start changing color in September — before autumn even officially begins. In other places, they don’t change until late October or even November. Some scientists say the leaves have been changing color later than usual in recent years. And they think global warming has something to do with that.
In one study, researchers found that the growing season in the Northern Hemisphere was nearly a week longer, on average, in 2008 than it was in 1982. And a professor from Harvard University found that the leaves, west of Boston, Massachusetts, are changing color about three days later than they used to. However, other scientists disagree with the global warming theory. Susan Rose said the leaves in her part of Colorado are changing “right on schedule.” But the leaves in other parts of that state are running a little late. “The lateness in the mountains may have something to do with the really warm late summer and early fall,” she said. “But I’m afraid that’s just a guess.”
小題1:According to Susan Rose, _____.
A．the fall colors are always in leaves
B．leaves make chlorophyll all the seasons
C．leaves’ changing color have nothing to with the weather
D．leaves begin changing color because they start making chlorophyll
小題2:The underlined word “shrinks” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _____.
A．reducesB．increasesC．lastsD．appears
小題3:Scientists guess leaves change color later than usual probably as a result of _____.
A．genetic background B．dry weather
C．global warmingD．low temperature
小題4:The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers _____.
A．why leaves change color at fall
B．leaves change color at different time
C．the effects of the global warming on plants
D．different opinions on the lateness of leaves’ changing color

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have transformed men’s minds into a virtual（虛擬的）woman’s body in an experiment that could throw light upon how humans distinguish themselves form others.
In a study at Barcelona University, men wore a virtual reality headset that allowed them to see and hear the world as a female character. When they looked down, they could even see their new body and clothes.
The “body－swapping” effect was so convincing that the men’s sense of self was transferred into the virtual woman, causing them to react to events in the virtual world they were immersed（沉浸）. “This work opens up another avenue for virtual reality, which is not just to transform your sense of place, but also your sense of self,” said Mel Slater, “If you can temporarily give people the illusion that their bodies are different, then the evidence suggests it also affects their behavior and the way they think. They can have new experiences: a person who is thin can know what it is like to be fat. A man can have an experience of what it’s like to be a woman.”
During the experiment, a “female” approached and hit the face of the character another man was playing. “Their reaction was immediate,” said Slate. “They would take in a quick breath and maybe flinch（退縮）. The more people reported being in the girl’s body, the stronger physical reaction they had.” But in all cases, the feeling was temporary and lasted only as long as the study.
The study shows that our minds have a very fluid picture of our bodies. The research is expected to shed light on the puzzle of how our brain tells the difference between a part of our own body and something else in the wider world. Thus the work might improve the conditions for those who have experienced strokes by placing them in a world that helps them to use their bodies to the full again.
小題1:How can a man’s mind get into a woman’s body?
A．by distinguishing themselves from women
B．by taking part in an activity actively
C．by wearing a special device（設備）
D．by transforming his sense of place
小題2:Of the following statements, which we can’t infer from the passage?
A．Men in the experiment can temporarily have the wrong feeling that they are women.
B．When hit, the men in the virtual world will react angrily to it.
C．As soon as the experiment is finished, the men will return to the normal state
D．Probably, this study can be applied to medical fields and benefit humans.
小題3:What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?
A．to introduce an interesting and advanced study
B．to inform us of the latest development of virtual reality
C．to illustrate the importance of virtual reality
D．to build up our confidence to fight stroke

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Elaine Yu Yee-nee, 15, Creative Secondary School
Lockers are designed in a way to hide their contents for a reason. Otherwise, they’d have open fronts like cupboards. Searching students’ lockers would be total invasion(侵犯) of privacy. Having a locker is more than having a place to store your stuff. A locker also gives you the freedom to keep certain things hidden. These can include harmless personal items like diaries, letters and photos. Searching lockers could discomfit students and others might make fun of them.
Yes, lockers are school property(財產). But that doesn’t give schools the right to inspect lockers as they please. While students are using lockers, they have the right to keep their contents private. Teachers could ask for permission to take a look inside a student’s locker and if the student is OK with that, then it would be fine. Searching students’ lockers without their permission would result in the loss of trust.
I doubt that students who have something dangerous to hide, such as weapons or drugs, would put them in their lockers. They would not want to risk being caught so easily.
Giving schools the right to search lockers would not help catch those who commit crimes. But it would certainly create an environment in which students would be embarrassed to have their belongings shown in public for no good reason.
Ronald Ling Pak-ki, 20, University of Hong Kong
Many students see their lockers as personal property. They would never agree that schools should have the right to inspect their lockers. But I think schools have an absolute right to do so.
It is the schools that actually own the lockers. Students just use them to store some of their things safely and conveniently. There are clear rules on what items students can and cannot keep in their lockers. Schools have both the duty and the right to check if students are following the rules.
I don’t think school authorities would decide to search a student’s locker unless they felt the need to do so. They might, for instance, suspect students of hiding drugs. To make sure that the process remains open and fair, only authorized teachers should have the right to search lockers. The search should be carried out in such a way as not to embarrass students in front of others.
小題1:What are .the two students talking about?
A．How to make sure schools are safe.
B．Whether there are crimes in schools.
C．Whether schools can search students’ lockers.
D．How to establish trust between teachers and students.
小題2:The underlined word could be replaced by ___.
A．embarrassB．frightenC．worryD．challenge
小題3:According to Elaine, school lockers ____.
A．are students’ personal property
B．should be changed into cupboards
C．are likely to hold some dangerous things
D．can be searched with students’ permission
小題4:Which of the following would Ronald agree with?
A．Students won’t hide drugs in lockers.
B．Students use lockers but don’t own them.
C．Students should not put personal things in lockers.
D．Students may forbid teachers to inspect their lockers.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you know that men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age.
　　The largest study of the effects of ageing(變老) on the heart has found that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.
　　“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.
　　“Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the age of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men,” said Goldspink. “This is part of the aging process.”
　　What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one’s.
　　“This gender difference might just explain why women live longer than men,” said Goldspink. They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80, focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease. “The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart,” said Goldspink.
　　The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.
小題1: The underlined word “l(fā)ongevity” in the second paragraph probably refers to “________”.
A．healthB．long lifeC．ageingD．effect
小題2: The text mainly talks about ________.
A．men’s heart cellsB．women’s ageing process、
C．the gender differenceD．hearts and long life
小題3:According to the text, the UK scientists have known that ________.
A．women have more cells than men when they are born
B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat
C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age
D．women never lose their pumping power with age
小題4:If you want to live longer, you should ________.
A．enable your heart to beat much faster
B．find out the reason for ageing
C．exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy
D．prevent your cells from being lost
小題5:We can know from the passage that ________.
A．the reason why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart has been found out
B．scientists are on the way to finding out why the male heart loses more of the cells
C．the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss
D．women over 70 could lose more heart cells than those at the age of 20

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate（中級的） and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “="”" sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985   A.J.T., A.VM
小題1:The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for              .
A．a middle school teacherB．a primary school student
C．a senior high studentD．a college student
小題2:According to the passage, we know that his grammar book              .
A．compares modern English with old English
B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C．attaches more importance to conversational forms
D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
小題3:Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.
B．This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C．It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
小題4:When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ~Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that             .
A．the two parts before and after the sign “~” mean the same
B．the two parts before and after “~” are said by two different people
C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “~”
小題5:In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because              .
A．they have helped the authors with this edition
B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors
C．the authors want to make use of the fames of those people
D．those people will make advertisements for this book

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案