Children pushed in buggies which face away from their parents may suffer longterm emotional（情感的）and language problems，according to a study published on Friday.
The research，believed to be the first of its kind，found that children who were not facing the person pushing them were less likely to talk，laugh and communicate with their parents.
The findings were based on a study of 2,722 parents and babies and an experiment where 20 babies were wheeled in buggies for a mile，facing their parents for half the journey and facing away for the other half. Parents using facetoface buggies were twice as likely to talk to their children while the babies’ heart rates fell and they were twice as likely to fall asleep，showing that they were feeling relaxed and safe.
In addition，only one baby out of the 20 studied laughed while sitting in an awayfacing buggy.
“Our data(數(shù)據(jù)) suggests that for many babies today，life in a buggy is emotionally impoverished and possibly stressful. Stressed babies grow into anxious adults，” said Dr Suzanne Zeedyk，Developmental Psychologist at Scotland’s Dundee University who carried out the research.
The study，which was published by National Literacy Trust as part of its “Talk To Your Baby” campaign，found that 62 percent of all children observed travelled in awayfacing buggies.
Zeedyk said it would have a negative effect on babies’ development if they spent a long time in awayfacing buggies，which would be bad to their ability to communicate with their parent at a time when their brain was developing rapidly.
Laura Barbour of the Sutton Trust，a social mobility charity which funded the research，said buggy manufacturers(制造商) should look closely at the findings.
【小題1】Using awayfacing buggies may________.
| A．benefit both the babies and their parents |
| B．a(chǎn)ffect babies’ language ability permanently |
| C．help babies communicate with their parents |
| D．have positive effect on babies’ development |
| A．Parents may talk twice with the babies in awayfacing buggies. |
| B．The study suggests children feel relaxed and safe in buggies. |
| C．The samples (案例)of the study were 20 babies wheeled in buggies. |
| D．One of the 20 babies was twice as likely to fall asleep in buggies. |
| A．Best for Kids to Face Parents in Buggy |
| B．Best for Kids to Communicate with Parents |
| C．Stressed Babies Grow into Anxious Adults |
| D．Buggy Manufacturers Care about the Finding |
【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
解析試題分析：本文敘述了研究表明，坐童車背對父母的寶寶今后可能會出現(xiàn)情感和語言方面的長期障礙。與在童車?yán)锩鎸Ω改付膶殞毾啾龋硨Ω改傅膶殞毟粣壅f笑，也不愛與父母交流。寶寶的大腦發(fā)育很快，如果這段時期讓他們長時間地坐在阻礙他們與父母交流的童車?yán)�，那么會對他們的發(fā)育造成負面影響。因此父母應(yīng)該和童車?yán)锏暮⒆佣噙M行面對面的溝通。
【小題1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Children pushed in buggies which face away from their parents may suffer longterm emotional（情感的）and language problems，讓寶寶坐背對的車可能會影響孩子語言的發(fā)展，故選B。
【小題2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The findings were based on a study of 2,722 parents and babies and an experiment where 20 babies were wheeled in buggies for a mile 研究案例中只有20個人用四輪的推車，故選C。
【小題3】標(biāo)題歸納題。結(jié)合圖片可以看出，文章前半部分介紹父母在后面推童車缺少和孩子面對面的交流而出現(xiàn)了對孩子長期的負面影響，后面又提出了應(yīng)對方案：“Talk To Your Baby”由此可以看出，短文的內(nèi)容可知寶寶坐背對父母的推車是不好的，那么就提倡讓孩子坐那種臉對著父母的推車，故選A。
考點：健康類短文閱讀。
點評：文章標(biāo)題是文章的點睛之筆。標(biāo)題歸納題在英語閱讀理解題中屬深層理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確把握文章大意及作者的寫作意圖。一般說來，標(biāo)題應(yīng)該具有概括性、針對性、簡潔性三個突出特點。其中概括性，是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大程度地覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章的主題；針對性，是指標(biāo)題的含義要直接指向文章的主要特點；而簡潔性，則是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)言簡意賅，能吸引讀者的注意力，并喚起讀者對文章的閱讀興趣等。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don’t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being.
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That’s why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression(抑郁). They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn’t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it’s OK. Instead, it’s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
【小題1】The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear__________.
| A．by raising his own examples |
| B．based on his own experience |
| C．by mentioning some studies |
| D．by mentioning some typical patients |
| A．support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health |
| B．introduce a famous expert |
| C．let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces |
| D．show how to control one’s temper |
| A．removing | B．keeping up | C．getting rid of | D．learning about |
| A．People who are able to forgive feel less stress. |
| B．People who are able to forgive feel less depression. |
| C．People who are able to forgive have fewer problems on sleeping. |
| D．People who are able to forgive feel less tired. |
| A．Forgiveness | B．Forgiveness Is Good for Health |
| C．A Secret to Keeping Health | D．Anger Is Bad for Health |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, king of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家)， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
【小題1】The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because________.
| A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment |
| B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in |
| C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths |
| D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease |
| A．Afraid | B．Curious | C．Approving | D．Uninterested |
| A．By providing examples. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By following the order of time. |
| D．By following the order of importance. |
| A．To stress the role of dirt. |
| B．To introduce the history of dirt. |
| C．To call attention to the danger of dirt. |
| D．To present the change of views on dirt. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Dieters' who eat meals high in protein might lose a bit more weight than those who get less protein and more carbohydrates (碳水化合物)一all other things being equal, a new analysis of past studies suggests. Researchers found that over an average of 12 weeks, people having a high一protein diet lost about 1.8 extra pounds, and more body fat, than those having a standard-protein diet.
Wycherley from the University of South" Australia in Adelaide, the lead author on the study says it’s possible that the body may spend more energy and bum more calories while dealing with protein, compared to carbohydrates. Another explanation for the link his team observed is that eating protein helps preserve muscle mass and muscle mass bums more calories, even when the body is resting, than other types of mass. He says people in the studies tend to get protein from a variety of animal and vegetable sources. Vegetable sources of protein include beans.
It is not obvious why a higher protein-to-carbohydrate ratio might help people lose more pounds——and one obesity researcher not involved in the new analysis questioned whether the trials were strong enough to make that conclusion. “The studies are generally far too short to tell effect,” Dr. James Levine from the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, told Reuters Health in an e-mail. But given the limitations of the present evidence, Levine said, “It makes no real difference which of the weight-loss ways one chooses.”
【小題1】According to Wycherley’s analysis, dieters should take in more ______.
| A．fat | B．carbohydrates | C．protein | D．calories |
| A．It bums more calories to deal with carbohydrates. |
| B．Protein helps keep muscle mass which bums calories. |
| C．Vegetables contain more protein than animals. |
| D．No more calories are burned while the body is resting. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Supportive. | C．Curious. | D．Agreeable. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that float.
An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives -- a nation of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean -- virtually uninhabitable by 2100, the UN’s climate change panel has warned.
President Mohamed Nasheed has vowed a fight for survival, and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study proposals for a floating structure that could support a convention centre, homes and an 18-hole golf course. “It is still early stages and we are awaiting a report on the possibility,” a government official said.
The company, Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. There was no immediate comment from the firm but its website said it undertook projects that make “l(fā)and from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”.
The Maldives began work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there to ease congestion. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to combat climate change.
Nasheed, who staged the world’s first underwater cabinet meeting in October to highlight his people’s dilemma , has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are flooded. He has also pledged the Hulhumale to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral” by 2020. His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources.
【小題1】What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．The Maldives plans to build floating homes for the rising sea level. |
| B．The Maldives’s president signed a deal with a Dutch company. |
| C．The Maldives staged the first underwater cabinet meeting. |
| D．The Maldives is considering ways to fight against the global warming. |
| A．The Hulhumale is a natural island near the capital of Male. |
| B．The Hulhumale is an artificial island to be built near the capital. |
| C．The Hulhumale was built in 1997 and has settled over 30,000 people. |
| D．The Hulhumale is protected by a 30-million-dollar sea wall. |
| A．being endangered | B．being crowded |
| C．being flooded | D．being disappearing |
| A．To purchase land elsewhere in the world to help Maldivians to relocate if their homes are flooded. |
| B．To make his nation a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral” by 2020 |
| C．To stop using fossil fuel and power all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources. |
| D．To build more artificial islands for people to settle there. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：完型填空
完形填空（共20小題；每小題1．5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
Wranglers（爭吵者） and Stranglers（扼殺者）
Years ago there was a group of brilliant young men at the University of Wisconsin, who seemed to have amazing creative 36 talent. They were would-be poets, novelists, and essayists. They were extraordinary in their 37 to put the English language to its best use. These promising young men 38 regularly to read and critique (評論) each other's work. And critique it they did!
These men were merciless with one another. They 39 the minutest literary expression into a hundred pieces. They were heartless, tough, even mean in their 40 .The sessions became such areas of literary criticism that the 41 of this special club called themselves the “Stranglers (扼殺者)”.
In order to 42 , the women of literary talent in the university 43 to start a club of their own, one comparable to the Stranglers. They 44 themselves the “Wranglers (爭論者)”.They, too, read their 45 one another. But there was one great difference. The criticism was much softer, more 46 , more encouraging. Sometimes, there was almost no criticism at all. Every effort, even the weakest one, was 47 .
Twenty years later an alumnus (男校友；男畢業(yè)生) of the university was making an exhaustive (詳盡的；徹底的) 48 of his classmates' careers when he 49 a vast difference in the literary accomplishments of the Stranglers as opposed to the Wranglers. Of all the 50 young men in the Stranglers, no one had made a significant literary 51 of any kind. From the Wranglers had come six or more successful 52 , some of national renown (名望；聲譽) such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, who wrote The Yearling.
Talent between the two？Probably the same. Level of 53 ？Not much difference. But the Stranglers were strangled, while the Wranglers were determined to give each other a(an) 54 .The Stranglers 55 an atmosphere of argument and self-doubt. The Wranglers highlighted the best, not the worst.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Bursting into the classroom from recess, 15 children take their seats and face the woman they know as Ms. Yang.
“What day is it today?” she asks, in Mandarin Chinese.
“Confucius’ birthday!” the fifth graders shout in Mandarin.
“Why do we celebrate Confucius’ birthday?”
“Because he’s the greatest teacher in the history of China!” exclaims a brown-haired girl. She is speaking Mandarin.
English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang’s class at the Chinese American International School(CAIS), despite the fact that few students are native speakers of Mandarin.
The United States is actively trying to increase the group of students in “critical languages” such as Mandarin. The students at CAIS are way ahead in such a trend.
Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do: It produces fully fluent speakers of Mandarin Chinese, by far the most commonly spoken language in the world.
Mandarin Chinese is suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the world’s leading economy sometimes this century, schools in the U. S. are scrambling to add Mandarin to their list of foreign languages or expand Chinese programs already in place.
“It really is almost unprecedented. People are looking at China as a force to be reckoned with… And to ensure that the U. S. has the ability to conduct trade, and to work with the Chinese. Certainly having an understanding of Chinese language and culture is an advantage,” said Marty Abbott of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages(ACTFL).
To develop Chinese-language programs has not been smooth. A shortage of trained teachers has made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools do get teachers, they often hire them straight from China, and the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S.
Robert Liu remembers his first two years in an American classroom It was not an easy adjustment. “In China, students respect their teachers,” he said. Liu found that American students, however, expect an active teaching style. He had to use games to engage them rather than lectures.
To avoid many of the problems with foreign teaching styles, the CAIS has been working with the Chinese government to improve training of teachers who are sent to the U. S.
【小題1】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Understanding Chinese language and culture is helpful to work with Chinese. |
| B．Chinese-language programs have met trouble during the development. |
| C．Many other American schools do the same as CAIS, founded 25 years ago. |
| D．A lack of trained Mandarin Chinese teachers is a problem for the programs. |
| A．To adapt themselves to the American life styles. |
| B．To communicate with the American students. |
| C．To get along well with the American students. |
| D．To be fit for the cultural differences in teaching styles. |
| A．climbing | B．rushing |
| C．changing | D．beating |
| A．the students in Lisa Yang’s class usually speak Chinese |
| B．There are few American students in Lisa Yang’s class |
| C．We celebrate Confucius’ birthday because he’s the greatest history teacher |
| D．in America the students don’t respect their teachers |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有壓力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.Our selfrespect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (轉(zhuǎn)移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
【小題1】Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.
| A．deal with life changes |
| B．smooth away daily problems |
| C．make people live more easily |
| D．cure types of illnesses |
| A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others |
| B．lies in the social medical care systems which support them |
| C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles |
| D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes. |
| A．takes place of | B．makes up of |
| C．lessens the effect of | D．gets rid of |
| A．instrumental support |
| B．informational support |
| C．social companionship |
| D．the strengthening of selfrespect |
| A．Effects of stressful conditions. |
| B．Kinds of social support. |
| C．Ways to deal with stress. |
| D．Interpersonal relationships. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消費) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠誠) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.
【小題1】Fashion magazines today .
| A．seldom put models on the cover |
| B．no longer put models on the cover |
| C．need not worry about celebrities’ market potential |
| D．judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly |
| A．price rather than brand name is more concerned |
| B．producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements |
| C．producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements |
| D．quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned |
| A．decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products |
| B．damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public |
| C．cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business |
| D．influence the price of a celebrity’s products |
| A．celebrity and personal style |
| B．celebrity and market potential |
| C．celebrity and fashion design |
| D．celebrity and clothing industry |
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