American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “l(fā)anguage protein(蛋白質(zhì))” in the brain.
The study, conducted by neuroscientists （神經(jīng)學(xué)家）and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men. "This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.
They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic range”, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”.
The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.
“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex,” said Prof McCarthy.
"Our results imply Foxp2 as a component of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals."
小題1:From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A．women always speak more words than men
B．men and male rats have low levels of language protein
C．women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2
D．McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative
小題2:The underlined phrase “fussed over” in the third paragraph probably means______.
A．paid attention to B．related toC．put pressure onD．counted on
小題3:The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to _______.
A．test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humans
B．prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are different
C．determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male rats
D．discover the association between Foxp2protein and vocal communication
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage ?
A．Tests on humans and ratsB．Why women are the talkative sex
C．Sex differences in Foxp2 proteinD．Foxp2 protein determines oral ability

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:B

試題分析：文章主要講解了美國研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更為健談，因?yàn)樗齻兇竽X中有一種特別的“語言蛋白質(zhì)”比男性要多，而在老鼠中，雄性比雌性多。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從第二自然段Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men.可知，McCarthy 所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究并非第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性是健談的，故選D
小題2:推斷題。從第三自然段But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. 及This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them.可知，動(dòng)物媽媽更傾向于注意那些Foxp2蛋白質(zhì)含量更高的她的孩子，故選A.
小題3:推斷題。第二自然段最后及最后兩個(gè)自然段，可知在老鼠上做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)Foxp2蛋白質(zhì)與聲音交流的聯(lián)系。故選D
小題4:主旨題。文章主要美國研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更為健談，其中最重要的原因是女性中Foxp2蛋白質(zhì)要比男性中多的多，所以本文題目最好是為什么女性是更健談的，故選B
點(diǎn)評：本文文脈清晰，對女性為何更為健談進(jìn)行了解釋，把握好這條主線，文章推斷題居多，答題中要注意理解作者所講細(xì)節(jié)的目的，是來闡述一種什么現(xiàn)象，把握好這幾點(diǎn)，再將題目和文章進(jìn)行對比即可得出正確的答案。
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